Total Physical Response
method built around coordination of speech and action
TPR
teach language through physical (motor) activity
TPR developer
James Asher (psychology Prof.)
TPR draws from
developmental psychology, learning theory, humanistic pedagogy
TPR principle
speech directed to young children consists primarily of commands, which children respond to physically before they begin to produce verbal responses
Main Aim
describes the most important thing we want ss to achieve by the end of the lesson
Subsidiary Aim
describes the language and skills that the learners will need to make the request
Personal Aim
describes the things that us as teachers want to improve
Aims should…
reflect what we hope ss will be able to do, not what we are going to do
SMART
Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Timed
PPP
Presentation - Practice - Production
TBL
Task-Based Learning
- Preparation for doing of
- Reflective analysis of tasks that reflect real-life needs and skills
CLL
Community Language Learning
- Use of the learners’ first language
- Teacher’s help in mediating
- Lower anxiety
- Allow ss communicate in a more genuine way
ARC
Authentic use, Restricted use, Clarification, and focus
Monitoring Approach
Krashen’s theory
- Ss are not forced to learn. They take what they want to learn.
- A collection of methods and techniques from many sources.
- Provide the learner w/natural comprehensible language
- Learners pick up language as children do with their L1
Silent Way
- Using visual aids, high affective filter, ss talking time
- active participation from ss
- restraint from teacher
- special wall-charts
Grammar Translation
Using the mother tongue to teach the language
- Teacher rarely uses target language.
- Ss spend time reading texts, translating them, doing exercises and tests, writing essays.
- Little focus on listening and speaking skills.
Audiolingualism
Listen and repeat.
- Ss listen to modelled dialogues w/repetition and drilling
- little or no teacher explanation
ESA
Engage, Study, Activate. Similar to PPP but can change its order
CLT
Communicative Language Teaching
- wildly misunderstood and misapplied
- learners would learn best if they participate in meaningful participation
Lexical Approach
- how language is really used, importance of Lexical Chunks in communication
- methodology based around exposure and experiments
Word Meaning
Meaning in Context
Sense Relations
Meaning in Context
situations
purpose - functions
Sense Relations
“The relationships that define word meaning.”
