List 6 advantages of teams
- Share development of ideas
- Discovering and compensating individual errors
- Mutual Support
- Learning and Teaching
- Reducing individual work load
- Social interactions and belonging
List 7 disadvantages of teams
- Interpersonal conflict
- Conformity
- Groupthink
- Levelling of individual performance
- Diffusion of responsibility (“1/N”)
- Social loafing
- Devaluation of other groups
Name 7 key aspects that define a team
1) Two or more people
2) Socially interact
3) common goals
4) organizationally relevant tasks
5) have interdependencies
6) different roles and responsibilities
7) embedded in organizational system
What is the difference between task work and team work?
Taskwork is what a team is doing.
Teamwork is how they are doing the task
Give examples of what defines team work
1) alignment of goals and actions
2) Coordination
3) Communication
Briefly describe the Input-Output Model of team effectiveness
1) Input
Task characteristics / Context, Cooperation, Team composition, Team member skills, Capability
2) Process
Communication, Coordination,Decision making, Leadership
2A) Emergent states
Cohesion, Team Mental Models, Psychological Safety, Trust
3) Output variables:
Productivity, Member satisfaction, Innovation
May include feedback loop
What determines (ideal) types and processes of teams according to Matthieu (2013) ?
Degree of interdependence.
Name 7 types of teams
- Stable, organizational teams
- Project teams
- Self-regulating teams
- Virtual teams
- Ad hoc action teams
- Extreme teams
- Teaming
- Multiteam Systems
- Human-AI Teams
What is the bystander effect?
What are the underlying processes?
The more people are present the less
likely individuals are to take initiatives
(e.g. helping someone who very
obviously needs help).
Underlying processes:
* Diffusion of responsibility
* Reinterpretation of the situation
(necessity for action is negated)
* Evaluation anxiety
Describe the psychological phenomen of Conformity
As soon as there is 3 or more people in a group there is a tendency of members to adapt their opinion.
-> usually only publicly shared opinion, not personal opinion.
What is Group think?
People take group opinion, even though they are not even fully convinced by it:
Insufficient search for information
Insufficient search for alternatives
Selective assessment of alternatives
Missing planning for consequences
What are some factors for group think?
High cohesion
Isolation
Directive leadership
High time pressure
What are some symptoms of group think?
Illusion of unanimity
Feeling infallible
Censoring people with different opinions
Stereotypes about people outside the group
Collective rationalization
Name 4 measures to avoid group think.
1) Open development and assessment of
alternatives
2) Encouraging criticism and divergent opinions
3) Involving experts
4) Institutionalizing an Advocatus diaboli (spicy Avocado)
How can I foster psychological safety?
- Acknowledge own fallibility
- Invite input and feeback from others
- Ask questions and explore mental models
- Replace blame with curiosity
- Inclusive Leadership
What is team debriefing?
Can be used at the end or anytime within a process:
* What did we do?
* What went well? / Where can we improve?
* What will we keep doing/change?
