1
Q
What is considered the thickest layer of the skin?
A
Dermis
2
Q
Which of the following cell organelles contain DNA? (select all that apply)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
A
-Chloroplast
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus
3
Q
Which of the following functions of the skeletal system is important for the central nervous system?
- Connection
- Support
- Motion
- Protection
A
Protection
4
Q
The pH scale is the (quantitative/qualitative) measure of the acidity or basicity of (aqueous/non-aqueous) solutions.
A
The pH scale is the quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions.
5
Q
After ovulation, ____________ level increases while ___________ hormone level decreases in the blood.
A
progesterone; luteinizing
6
Q
What is the correct order of the three layers of the integumentary system?
A
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
7
Q
What is the correct order of the gene expression process?
- DNA -> mRNA -> Protein
- DNA -> Protein -> mRNA
- mRNA -> DNA -> Protein
- Protein -> mRNA -> DNA
A
DNA -> mRNA -> Protein
8
Q
What is the order of the DNA replication process?
A
Separation of DNA strands -> Priming of template strand -> Assembly of new DNA segment
9
Q
What connects bone to bone at joints?
A
Ligaments
Think BLoB (bone-ligament-bone)
10
Q
What connects muscle to bone?
A
Tendons
Think MeatBall (muscle to bone)
11
Q
Which type of muscle is under involuntary control and is found in the walls of internal organs?
A
Smooth Muscle
12
Q
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the human endocrine system?
- Homeostasis
-Inter-glad communication - Growth and development
- Vitamin D production
A
Vitamin D production
Vitamin D is part of the integumentary system, not the endocrine system
13
Q
Which structure produces and stores sperm in the male reproductive system?
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicles
A
Testes
14
Q
What part of the the male reproductive system is responsible for storing and maturing sperm?
A
Epididymis
15
Q
What part of the male reproductive system is a muscular tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation?
A
Vas Deferens
16
Q
What part of the male reproduction system produce a significant portion of the seminal fluid that nourishes and protects sperm during ejaculation, but they do not produce or store sperm?
A
Seminal Vesicles
17
Q
Which of the following structures is responsible for transporting urine from the kidney to the bladder?
- Urethra
- Bladder
- Kidney
- Ureter
A
Ureter
18
Q
What structure is responsible for transporting urine out of the body?
A
Urethra
19
Q
What structure is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is eliminated?
A
Bladder
20
Q
What structure is reponsible for producing bile?
A
The liver
21
Q
Which structure is responsible for storing bile?
A
Gallbladder
22
Q
In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization of an egg typically occur?
- Uterus
- Ovaries
- Fallopian Tubes
- Vagina
A
Fallopian Tubes
23
Q
What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?
- To engulf and digest foreign substances
- To activate T cells
- To neutralize or destroy pathogens
- To produce cytokines that recruit immune cells
A
To neutralize or destroy pathogens
24
Q
What is the primary organelle for the calcium signaling pathway?
A
Endoplasimic Reticulum
25
Which of the following statements about adaptive immunity is true?
- Adaptive immunity provides immediate protection against pathogens upon first exposure.
-Adaptive immunity is non-specific and responds identically to all pathogens.
-Adaptive immunity has memory, allowing for a faster and more potent response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.
-Adaptive immunity is primarily mediated by physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
Adaptive immunity has memory, allowing for a faster and more potent response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.
26
Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Thyroid hormone
- Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone
27
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28
What is the hierarchy of cell?
Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism
29
What part of the cell membrane is semi-permeable and is known as a selective gatekeeper?
Phospholipid Bilayer
30
What organelle goes with this function:
DNA storage; Site of transcription (DNA to mRNA)
Nucleus
31
What organelle goes with this function:
ATP production (Cellular respiration)
Mitochondria
32
What organelle goes with this function:
Protein Synthesis (Translation)
Ribosomes
33
What organelle goes with this function:
Protein Modification (Studded with Ribosomes)
Rough ER
34
What organelle goes with this function:
Lipid synthesis and chemical detoxification
Smooth ER
35
What organelle goes with this function:
Digestive enzymes for waste breakdown
Lysosomes
36
Does this describe mitosis or meiosis?
2 identical daughter cells (Growth/Repair). Stages: Prophase, Metaphase (Middle), Anaphase (Apart), Telophase
Mitosis
37
Does this describe Mitosis or meiosis?
4 non-identical daughter gametes (sex cells) with hald the DNA
Meiosis
38
Blood Flow Pathway: Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → __________ Valve → Right Ventricle → ____________ Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → _______________ Valve → Left Ventricle → _________ Valve → Aorta.
options: Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral(Bicuspid), Aoritc
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (Bicuspid)
Aortic
39
What happens during Systole (Contraction)?
Ventricles "squeeze"; AV Valves (Mitral/Tricuspid) CLOSE ("Lubb" Sound); Semilunar valves OPEN
40
What happens during Diastole (Relaxation)?
Ventricles fill; Semilunar valves CLOSE ("Dub" sound); AV valves OPEN
41
What is another name for the semilunar valves?
Aortic and Pulmonary valves
42
Is this the systemic or pulmonary circuit paradox?
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood (to the lungs); Veins carry oxygenated blood (to the heart)
Pulmonary
43
What is the mnemonic for the nephron of the urinary system?
Go Play Loops During Class
44
Order of the nephron (go play loops during class)
1. Glomerulus (the gatekeeper)
2. Proximal convoluted tubule/ PCT (the priority center)
3. Loop of Henle (The Low Point)
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule/DCT (The Delivery/Dump Site)
5. Collecting Duct (the cargo exit)
45
What part of the nephron matches this function?
Filtration. Keeps blood cells and large proteins in the blood; moves filtrate into the tubule.
Glomerulus (The Gatekeeper)
46
What part of the nephron matches this function?
Major Reabsorption. 100% of glucose and amino acids are taken back here
Proximal Convoluted Tubule / PCT (The Priority Center)
47
What part of the nephron matches this function?
Concentrates urine by managing Salt and Water balance.
Loop of Henle (The Low Point)
48
What part of the nephron matches this function?
Fine-tuning. Site where Aldosterone works to swap Sodium for Potassium.
Distal Convoluted Tubule / DCT (The Delivery/Dump Site)
49
What part of the nephron matches this function?
Final water reabsorption. Site where ADH acts to prevent dehydration.
Collecting Duct (The Cargo Exit)
50
What does salivary amylase begin to break down in the mouth?
Carbohydrates
51
What do pepsin and HCl begin to break down in the stomach?
Protein
52
What part of the small intestine is the "Mixing Bowl". Bile (lipids), Lipase (fats), protease (proteins), Amylase (carbs)?
Duodenum
53
Which parts ofthe small intestine involve the bulk of nutrient absorption via Villi?
Jejunum/Ileum
54
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorption of water and electrolytes; Vitamin K Synthesis
55
What is the primary function of insulin?
lower blood sugar
56
What is the primary function of glucagon?
Raises blood sugar
57
What gland produces insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
58
What gland produces calcitonin?
Thyroid
59
What is the function of calcitonin?
Calcitonin builds bone (lower blood Ca)
60
Where is the parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced?
parathyroid
61
What is the function PTH?
PTH breaks bone (raise blood Ca)
62
What gland produces ADH?
Pituitary gland
63
What is the function of ADH?
ADH reabsorbs water
64
What gland produces aldosterone?
Adrenal
65
What is the function of Aldosterone?
Aldosterone reabsorbs Salt (Sodium)
66
What gland produces cortisol and epinephrine?
Adrenal
67
What is the function of cortisol?
Long-term stress hormone
68
What is the function of epinephrine?
Short-term/fight-or-flight
69
What is the difference between sublimation and deposition?
Sublimation is Solid directly to Gas
Deposition is the Gas directly to Solid
70
If a cell is placed in a Hypotonic solution, what happens to the cell?
Water enters the cell (where solute is higher), causing it to swell or burst (Lyse).
71
Which direction is DNA synthesized?
5'-3'
5' is phosphate (F sound)
3' is Sugar (S sound)
72
What are the three types of salivary
glands and where are they located in
the mouth?
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands located in the roof
of the mouth, cheeks, and under the
jawbone, respectively.
73
74
Which of the following substances
is excreted by the kidneys to regulate
blood pressure?
Renin
75
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is present at birth
while adaptive immunity is acquired
after exposure to pathogens.
76
Which of the following is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis?
tRNA
77
What are the steps involved in the
scientific method?
Observation, hypothesis, prediction,
experimentation, analysis, conclusion.
78
What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?
Solids have a definite shape and
volume while liquids have a definite
volume but no fixed shape.
79
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for regulating
breathing rate and depth?
Diaphragm
80
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate the
sliding of actin and myosin filaments.
81
What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?
Isotonic contractions produce movement while isometric contractions
produce no movement
82
Which of the following is a type
of genetic mutation that involves the
insertion or deletion of one or more
nucleotides in a DNA sequence?
Frameshift mutation
83
During embryonic development,
which of the following germ layers
forms the nervous system?
Ectoderm
84
What is the primary pigment
responsible for photosynthesis in
plants?
Chlorophyll a
85
What is the molecular geometry of
a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Bent
86
What is the name of the genetic
disorder caused by the presence of an
extra chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
87
What are the five regions of the vertebral column, starting from the top
and moving downwards?
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused), coccygeal (4 fused)
( Think: Cats Think Like Smart Creatures)
88
The measurement indicated by the
line across the center of the cell is best
referred to as which of the following?
Diameter
89
Which of the following ions binds to
the troponin complex, initiating contraction of a muscle?
Calcium
90
Which of the following types of cells
produce and release antibodies?
Plasma B cells
91
Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
Proteins
92
Which of the following is used to
determine a person's DNA sequence?
Genes
93
Which of the following results in
osteoporosis?
A decline in osteoblast activity while
osteoclast activity continues at expected levels.
94
95
Which of the following is the
process in which an ovarian follicle
matures and releases a reproductive
egg?
Ovulation
96
Which of the following structures
is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
96
A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of t
he heart?
Coronary
97
Which of the following represents
the complementary strand of a DNA
sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5'
5' AGCTAGCGT 3'
98
Which of the following structures
in the female reproductive system secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?
Corpus luteum
99
Which of the following substances
is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins
and the formation of ammonia?
Urea
100
Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
Hypothalamus
101
What does the anterior pituitary produce and release?
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, GH
(FLAT PEG)
102
What hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH
103
Which of the following is correct
regarding the pH scale?
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times
more acidic than a substance with a
pH of 4
104
Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable
molecule because of which of the following?
Triple covalent bonds
105
Which of the following substances
protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation?
Melanin
106
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood.
107
Testosterone is categorized as which
of the following types of hormones?
Androgen
108
Which of the following substances
is responsible for donating H+ ions to
act as a buffer when blood pH rises?
Carbonic acid
109
In which of the following regions of
the body are the tibia and fibula?
Crural
110
Emphysema caused by damage to
alveoli from toxins and pollutants is
likely to result in the body having difficulty performing which of the following actions?
Exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide
111
Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for r
eleasing a neurotransmiter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract?
Motor neuron
112
Which of the following structures is
an exocrine gland?
Parotid gland
113
Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
Develops into any kind of cell
114
Which of the following classes of biological molecules includes enzymes?
Proteins
115
An individual suffers severe blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity. Which of the following organs are at greatest risk from this injury?
Heart and lungs
116
Which of the following is a component of the integumentary system that
secretes pheromones?
Apocrine gland
117
Lipids absorbed in the small intestine will first enter which of the following structures?
Lacteal vessels
118
Which of the following layers of skin
lack blood vessels?
Epidermis
119
Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?
Atoms, cells, tissues, organs
120
Which of the following is a protein
present in blood plasma?
Fibrinogen
121
If a mother's____________ cell
contains mutated DNA, this mutation
can be passed to her offspring. Which o
f the following options correctly completes the sentence above?
Germ
122
Where does most absorption occur in the small intestine?
Jejunum
123
Genetic information describing
the characteristics of an organism is
found in which of the following?
Nuclei
124
Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?
Kidney
125
Which of the following is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons?
- -55 Mv
126
The vermiform appendix extends
from the region of the large intestine
known as which of the following?
Cecum
127
Which of the following structures
drains oxygen-depleted blood from
the kidneys?
Renal Vein
128
Which of the following cells transfers pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells?
Melanocytes
128
Which of the following is an example of a biological macromolecule?
Nucleic acid, Protein
129
Which of the following tissues lines
the interior structures of the heart?
Endocardium
130
Which of the following processes
causes most of the carbon dioxide
from the blood to move into the alveoli?
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
131
Which of the following body
systems breaks down proteins into
amino acids?
Digestive
132
Which of the following organelles is
the site of intracellular digestion?
Lysosomes
133
Which of the following types of cells
stimulates other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents?
Helper T-Cells
134
Which of the following characteristics of water helps explain why coastal
areas experience less dramatic temperature changes during the day?
Water has a high specific heat capacity
135
Which of the following endocrine
organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production
following childbirth?
Pituitary gland
136
Which of the following describes
one difference between skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles?
Cardiac muscles contain intercalated
discs, whereas skeletal muscles do not
137
The "gray matter of the brain is
largely made up of which of the following?
Neuron cell bodies
138
Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands
from one another?
The presence or absence of ducts
(Exocrine glands (ex: sweat glands) HAVE DUCTS)
(Endocrine glands (ex: pituitary and adrenal glands) have NO ducts because they release hormones directly into the bloodstream
139
Using the equation pH= -log [H+],
a solution with a [H+]= 10-9 M has a
pH of which of the following?
9
140
Water molecules enter cells by
which of the following transport
mechanisms?
Facilitated diffusion
141
In a normally functioning cardiovascular heartbeat, where does the heartbeat originate?
Sinoatrial node
142
Which of the following is the function of angiotensin 2 in the regulation of blood pressure?
Vasoconstriction
143
Which of the following may indicate a hypersecretion of thyroid hormones?
Weight Loss
144
Which of the following structures comes after the ascending colon?
Transverse Colon
145
Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum?
Sigmoid Colon
146
Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
147
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
Lipid Metabolism
148
Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention?
Minimal Scar Tissue
149
Production of which of the following is a function of the prostate gland?
Substance to enhance sperm motility
150
What event does this describe?
The graafian follicle releases an ovum
Ovulation
151
Which of the following functions is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?
Collagen formation
152
Which of the following is he effect of aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels?
Sodium Levels are Increased
153
An occurence of too high of a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
Potassium
154
Which of the following is a structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?
Nodes
155
Which of the following is a structure of the inner ear?
Cochlea
156
A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?
600 mL
157
After passing through the glottis, inspired air then travels through which of the following structures?
Larynx
158
The release of histamine is associated with which of the following?
Mast Cells
159
Which of the following structures of the GI system absorbs iron and bile salts?
Ileum
160
Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?
Stomach Acid
161
Which of the following antibody types mediates the body's response to an allergen?
IgE
162
Which of the following is the average length of the female urethra?
1-1.5 inches
163
In the process of wound healing, which of the following plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris?
Neutrophils
164
Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?
Formation of plugs
165
What is the relationship between dna, chromosomes, and genes?
Genes are segments of DNA, and DNA is packaged into chromosomes.
TEAS
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