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TEAS SCIENCE Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. How do monomers combine and what do they form?
  2. As well as forming living organisms, what else do macromolecules form?
  3. How does digestion break the bonds of macromolecules?
  4. Is dehydration endergonic or exergonic? What about hydrolysis?
  5. What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
A
  1. Dehydration reactions. Biological polymers called
    Macromolecules.
  2. Food groups
  3. Hydrolysis
  4. Dehydration = endergonic (uses energy) / Hydrolysis = exergonic (releases energy)
  5. Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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2
Q
  1. What are the monomers of carbohydrates called? When two are combined what is is called? More than 2? What is an oligosaccharide?
  2. Typically, how many carbons do these monomers have, and what are they called?
  3. What type of carbs have a structural function?
  4. What type of carbs have energy storage functions?
  5. What type of carbs are recognition molecules?
  6. What is the general chemical formula for carbohydrates?
A
  1. monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides are huge, long stretches of linked monosaccharides and polysaccharides
  2. They have 3,4,5,or 6 carbons and are called triose, tetrose, pentose, and hexose
  3. chitin and cellulose
  4. amylose, glycogen, and amylopectin.
  5. glycoproteins and glycolipids
  6. C H O
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3
Q
  1. Lipids are ………….. predominantly made of what two elements?
  2. What is the monomer of lipids?
  3. What are the 2 major functions of lipids?
A
  1. proteins, hydrogen and carbon
  2. fatty acids.
  3. structure and storage
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4
Q
  1. What are monomers of Proteins called?
  2. How many different groups of proteins are there, and what chemical properties do the all share?
  3. What 4 functions can various proteins perform?
  4. What do enzymes do?
A
  1. amino acids
  2. 20 groups all share the chemical makeup of an amino group and a carboxylic acid group linked by peptide bonds
  3. They can be enzymes, structure, transport, and immunity
  4. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the energy required to initiate the reaction
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5
Q
  1. What is the monomer of nucleic acids called? What are the 2 nucleic acids in living systems? Which is double stranded?
  2. What is DNA composed of?
  3. What is RNA composed of?
  4. Which stores genetic info? Which mediates the conversion of genetic info into proteins synthesized in ribosomes?
  5. What are the 2 functions of DNA and RNA
  6. What are the complementary bases of DNA?
  7. In what direction is a strand of DNA read? What direction is mRNA made?
A
  1. Nucleotide. DNA and RNA. DNA is double stranded
  2. DNA: deoxyribose, and one of the following: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine
  3. RNA: ribose, and one of the following: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil. Single stranded
  4. DNA, RNA
  5. Heredity and regulation
  6. A-T and G-C
  7. 5’-3’ direction “sense”. mRNA 3’-5’ direction “antisense”
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6
Q
  1. What is a chromatid?
  2. What is a structure made of protein and 1 molecule of DNA?
  3. What is the name for a string of DNA. The basic unit of heredity?
  4. What is the building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)?
  5. Where are chromosomes housed within a cell?
  6. What is a 3 letter segment/word of DNA referred to?
  7. A nucleotide is a ………, a codon is a ………, a gene is a …………, a chromosome is a ……………, and a genome is a …………….. .
A
  1. One of two duplicates of a chromosome formed during cell division
  2. a chromosome
  3. A gene
  4. nucleotide
  5. In the nucleus
  6. A codon
  7. letter, word, sentence, chapter, book
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7
Q
  1. a positively charged ion is a ………………. . A negatively charged ion is a ………………. .
  2. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
  3. What subatomic particle is responsible for making isotopes of an element?
  4. The atomic number is how many …………….. an atom has.
  5. The atomic mass is how many ………….. and …………. an atom has.
  6. electrons of an atom increase in energy the ………… they are from the nucleus.
  7. Atoms with the same number of …………….. ……………….. share similar properties
  8. name the periods, orbital names they contain, and number of electrons that each orbital can contain.
A
  1. cation. anion
  2. A covalent bond is a chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms. An ionic bond is a bond between 2 oppositely charged ions.
  3. differing numbers of neutrons
  4. protons
  5. protons and neutrons
  6. further
  7. valence electrons
8. Periods 1-4, orbitals s, p, d, f
period 1: s (2)
period 2: s (2) + p (6)
period 3: s (2) + p (6) + d (18)
period 4: s (2), + p (6) + d (18) + f (32)
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8
Q
  1. T or F, ionic bonds conduct electricity and are soluble in water?
  2. What is a group in the periodic table
A
  1. T.

2. a column

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9
Q
  1. What is density? Is it an intensive of extensive property?
  2. What is an intensive physical property?
  3. What is an extensive property?
  4. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
A
  1. amount of mass per volume. It is an intensive property.
  2. Properties that don’t depend on the amount of a substance. EX: boiling/melting point, and luster.
  3. Properties that depend on the amount of a substance. EX: mass and volume
  4. Diffusion is the passive movement of a substance from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is similar but pertains to fluid passing thru a membrane.
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10
Q
  1. What are the 4 phases that matter exists in?
  2. What is absolute zero
  3. As temp increases, what happens to molecules?
  4. Describe what molecules are doing at solid, liquid, and gaseous states.
A
  1. solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
  2. 0 K or -273 C. Above absolute zero molecules are in constant motion.
  3. molecules begin to break apart and move away from each other. However, the heat required for a phase change won’t break molecules.
  4. Solid state: molecules are closely packed together in orderly fashion. There is vibrational motion, but no transitional motion.

Liquid: molecules are less ordered. There is both vibrational and transitional motion.

Gas: molecules move rapidly and are spread out.

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11
Q
  1. What are the 2 conditions that the phase of a substance depends on?
  2. What do these 2 conditions do?
  3. What is the triple point?
  4. What is sublimation?
  5. What is deposition?
  6. Does gas have Shape? Volume? Is it compressible?
A
  1. temperature and pressure.
  2. Increased temp causes particles to move apart. Increased pressure moves particles together.
  3. the temp and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases of a pure substance can coexist.
  4. when a substance passes from solid to gas w/o going thru a liquid state.
  5. when a substance passes from gas to solid w/o going thru a liquid state.
  6. Nod definite shape, nor volume, but it’s compressible.
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12
Q
  1. T or F metals and nonmetals often form ionic bonds?
  2. T or F Ionic bonds can only form when the elements involved have large differences in electronegativity.
  3. In an ionic bond, electrons are …………….. whereas in a covalent bond, electrons are ………….. .
  4. What are the 5 basic chemical reactions?
  5. In what 4 ways can a chemical reaction rate be altered?
  6. What happens if heat is added to an endothermic reaction? Exothermic?
  7. In biological systems catalysts are called …………
  8. Acids donate ……. and accept …….. .They have a pH below …… . Bases donate ………. and accept ……. and have a pH above ……. . Acids and bases react with each other to create …… and ……… .
  9. When 2 or more metals are present in a molecule, the bond is …………… .
A
  1. T
  2. T
  3. donated, shared.
  4. synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion
  5. pressure, temperature, concentration of reactants and substrates, and catalysts
  6. Endothermic = heat speeds it up. Exothermic = heat slows it down
  7. enzymes
  8. H+ ions, OH- ions. Vice versa for bases. H2O and Salt.
  9. covalent
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13
Q
  1. What is 10cm x 10cm x 10 cm? Also expressed as 1000cm^3?

2. What are the units of measure for 10, 100, 1000, and 10ths, 100’ths, 1000ths?

A
  1. a liter
  2. deca, hecta, kilo.
    deci, centi, milli
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14
Q
  1. what is the control variable?
  2. What is the independent variable?
  3. What is the dependent variable?
  4. What is a variable?
A
  1. something kept constant in an experiment (the amount of water given to all plants in the experiment)
  2. Independent variable: what is measured as the possible cause (ex: fertilizer on plants to see if it makes them grow more)
  3. Dependent: what is measured as a possible effect from the independent variable (ex. the height of the plants
  4. Something that changes 9 (ex. the amount of sun that the plants get.)
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