Max Holding Speeds
Up to FL140: 230kts
UTI FL200: 240kts
Abv FL200: 265kts
Visual Approach requirements (Day)
Within 30nm:
- vis 5km
- Clear of cloud
- in sight of ground or water
- not below 500ft above lower limit CTA
Visual approach requirements (night)
Same as day but not below MSA/MDA until:
- within circling area
- no IAP, within 3nm
- within 5nm (7nm ILS Rwy) not below on slope PAPIs
- within 10nm (14nm SSY 16L & 34R) not below ILS GP with less than full scale azimuth deflection
Circling approach requirements
VMC, day obstacle, night MDA
- vis not less than specified on chart
- maintain visual contact with landing environment
- within circling area
- by day not below obstacle clearance height
- by night not below MDA until intercepting normal descent on downwind, base or final
Obstacle clearance for circling
Cat B 300’
Cat C 400’
Circling area size
Cat B 2.59nm
Cat C 4.11nm
When should missed approach be conducted?
So not visual ROFL
- straight in landing cannot be affected
- not visual at MAPt or DA
- raim warning or loss after IAF
- outside nav tolerance in final segment
- failure of nav aid below MSA
- lost visual while circling
Missed approach clearance
98’ with 2.5% climb gradient
When can you be below LSALT?
VIVAT
- visual approach/ departure
- instrument approach/ departure
- VMC by day
- ATC vectors
- Takeoff or landing
CAT B handling speeds
Initial: 120-180
Final: 85-130
Missed approach: 150
Circling: 135
Cat C handling speeds
Initial: 160-240
Final: 115-160
Circling: 180
Missed approach: 240
NAV tolerance
- NDB 5deg
- DME 2nm
- VOR or LOC full scale deflection
- RNP
When can you descend below straight in MDA?
VMC
Visual reference maintained, minima requirements adhered to, continuously in a position where landing can be made with normal rates of descent
How do you adjust the MDA?
MDA= (MSA-MDA) - ((MSA-MDA) x OEI/2.5)
