What are the Greek vowels?
α, ε, η, ι, ο, υ, and ω
Gamma nasal occurs when a γ is followed by what Greek letters?
γ, κ, χ, and ξ
What is a dipthong?
Two vowels pronounced as a single sound
Name all of the dipthongs and their pronunciations
αι - aisle
ει - eight; einstein
οι - oil
υι - suite
αυ - sauerkraut
ου - soup
ευ - feud
ηυ - hey you (said rapidly)
What is an improper dipthong?
A dipthong with an iota subscript under the first vowel
When is an iota subscript (improper dipthong) used?
When an iota follows a long vowel (ω, η, and α)
When is a diaresis used?
When two vowels that would normally form a dipthong don’t in this case
When is a breathing mark required?
For every word beginning with a vowel
What is an elision?
When certain prepositions and conjunctions end with a vowel and the next word begins with a vowel, the final vowel of the first word may drop out and be replaced with an apostrophe.
Rules for syllabification
- One vowel or dipthong per syllable
- A single consonant goes with the following vowel
a. If the consonant is the final letter in a word, it goes with the preceding vowel - A consonant cluster that cannot be pronounced gets divided (first consonant goes with preceding vowel)
- Other consonant clusters go with the following vowel
- Double consonants are divided
- Compound words are divided where joined
What are the end punctuation marks?
A period above the line is a semicolon. A semicolon is a question mark. Periods and commas are the same.
First declension nouns
Nouns that have a stem ending in η or α
They are primarily feminine
Second declension nouns
Nouns that have a stem ending in an ο
They are mostly masculine or neuter
Third declension nouns
Nouns that have a stem ending in a consonant
How are a noun’s gender and its declension related?
They are not—but there are 3 declension patterns for nouns, and these declension have nouns of different genders. There are tendencies with exceptions.
Noun declension gender statement #1
Nouns of the first declension are generally feminine
EXCEPTIONS:
ὁ μαθητής, -οῦ
ὁ προφήτης, -ου
ὁ Ἰωάννης, -ου
ὁ Μωϋσῆς, -έως
There are no exceptions that end in -η
There are no exceptions that end in -α that occur more than 50x
Noun declension gender statement #2
Nouns of the second declension are generally masculine (-ος) or neuter (-ον)
EXCEPTION
ἡ ὁδος, -ου
There are no exceptions that end in -ον
Noun declension gender statement #3
There is no general statement for the third declension since nouns of all genders occur in this declension
Important note: There are several neuter nouns which end in –ος in the nominative
singular form but are part of the third declension. The two which occur more than 50x are the following:
τὸ ἔθνος, -ους
τὸ ὄρος, -ους
What are the 5 Greek cases?
- Nominative
- Accusative
- Genitive
- Dative
What does the nominative case ending do?
Shows the subject of a sentence
What does the accusative case ending do?
Shows the direct object of the verb in a sentence
What does the genitive case ending do?
Shows the possession (like in English would use an apostrophe)
What does the dative case ending do?
Shows the indirect object of a sentence (Karen threw Brad the ball –> “ball” is the direct object; “Brad” is the indirect object)
Dative case can also mean by, in, for, to
What is an inflection?
When a word changes its form
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Greek I - Mod 1 Vocab28
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Technical Points29
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Greek I - Mod 2 Vocab28
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Case Endings40
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Noun Rules8
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Greek I - Mod 3 Vocab43
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Greek I - Mod 5 Vocab15
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Mod 6 Vocab73
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Greek I - Mod 8 Vocab12
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Greek I - Mod 9 Vocab19
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Greek I - Mod 10 Vocab26
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Greek I - Mod 12 Vocab22
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Greek I - Mod 13 Vocab16
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Greek I - Mod 14 Vocab3
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Greek II - Mod 3 Vocab22
