Takeoff Alternate
121.617
Departure airport wx is less then the lowest approach minimums at airport.
2 eng: not more than 1 hr from the departure airport with 1 eng at normal cruise (345nm for Spirit)
3 eng: not more than 2 hr from the departure airport with 1 eng at normal cruise.
When do you need an Alternate?
121.619
1-2-3
Why do you need a second ALT
When your primary alternate has “Marginal” wx
“wx conditions are expected to be at applicable minimums for the destination and alternate at the estimated time of arrival at those airports.”
Exemption 20116 (Second alternate)
-Conditional remarks PROB or TEMPO
-TAF will not be less that 1/2 of lowest minimum visibility value of the approach expected to be used at the destination airport.
-First alternate TAF will not be less than 1/2 of the lowest minimum visibility/ceiling values for that airport.
-Second ALT: METAR or TAF main body and the RMK that WX will be at or above the Airport Minimum ceiling and visibility values specified for that airport.
Fuel planning (Domestic)
Destination or furthest alternate, plus 45 minutes of fuel at normal cruise.
Fuel planning (international)
-fly to and land at the airport to which it was released
-after that, to fly for a period of 10% of the total time from departure to destination
-after that, to fly to and land at the most distant alternate airport specified in OFP, if an alternate is required.
-after that, to fly 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500’ above the alternate airport or destination if no alt is required.
Alternate airport wx mins must be above? (exemption 20116) opsec C055
-at least 1 operational nav facility
add 400’ to the cat 1 MDA/DA/MDH/DH
Add 1SM or 1600m to the authorized Cat1 visibility
-for airports with atleast 2 operational nav facilities.
Add 200’ to highest cat 1 MDA/DA/MDH/DH
Add 1/2 sm or 800m to highest cat 1 MDA/DA/MDH/DH
exemption 18504
Allows Spirit to be dispatched without listing an Alt on the OFP if wx is…
1 hr before or after
the wx for Cat 1 operations is at least 1000’ above airport elevation and visibility is atleast 3sm
or the visibility for Cat II or III will be atleast 2sm
Alternate for International 121.621
1hr before 1hr after arrival
at least 1500’ above the lowest circling MDA if circling is required
at least 1500’ above the lowest published instrument app mins or 2000’ above airport elevation, whichever is greater, and
Visibility at the airport is at least 3 miles or 2 miles more than the lowest vis mins whichever is greater for the approach that is going to be used.
RVSM
Reduced vertical separation minimums
-2000’ down to 1000’
-Two independent alt measuring sys, Alt alerting sys, Automatic alt control sys, secondary surveillance sys.
Critical engine
Conventional engine
P-factor (Yaw)
A-ccelerated slipstream (roll)
S-piral slipstream (Yaw)
T-orque (roll)
Factors of VMC
-Flap setting
-Landing gear
-altitude-
-Power
-Ground effect
-Angle of Bank
-Propeller position
-Center of gravity
-Rudder
-Engine
-Weight
Takeoff and Landing Wx mins
121.651
-Vis is not below wx mins
-in safe position to make normal maneuvers to make a normal descent to land in the touchdown zone.
-Approach lights to descend to 100’ above the touchdown zone
-Red terminating bars or siderow bars allow you to go below 100’
-Runway, touchdown, threshold markings and lighting for all, Papi or vasi systems.
Lost comms
-Assigned
-vectored
-expected
-filed
-Minimum ifr alt
-expect
-assigned
MALSR
flashers, steady burning light array, runway threshold
Speed limit in Mexico
250 below 10k’ MSL, 10k’ AGL, within 30miles of the airport.
Aircraft category regarding approach speed.
A: x<91
B: 91<x<121
C: 121<x<141
D: 141<x<166
E: x>166
EMAS starts to crumble when vehical is above (LBS)
25000lbs
Crew rest requirements
117.23
Not exceed…
-1000 hrs in 365 days
-100 hrs in 28days (672 consecutive hours).
-190 FDP hours in 28days (672 consecutive hrs).
-60 FDP hours in 7days (168 hours)
117.11
-8 block hours between required rest periods when the report time is between 2000-0459
-9 block hours between required rest periods when the time of report is between 0500-1959
117.25
- 10 hours of rest and 8 hrs of uninterupted sleep
-before beginning rsv or trip must have atleast 30 hrs of rest within the last 7days (168hrs)
Supplemental oxy
121.333
more than 30 seats mask does not need to be worn below FL410
less than 31 seats mask does not need to be worn below FL350
Types of Fog
advection, radiation, upslope, convection, ice
CDL
Certification deviation list
External parts that can be missing
C to F & F to C
32+Cx1.8=F
(F-32)/1.8=C
Flaps on airbus
Type 2 double-slotted flaps or 2 flap surfaces per wing
Degrees for each position
320 321
10 10
15 14
20 21
40 34
