AWS Cloud Certified Practioner Exam Prep > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Lambda

A
  1. Serverless compute service that lets you run code without managing servers
  2. You author application code, called functions, using many popular languages
  3. Scales automatically
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2
Q

Lambda pricing models

A
  1. You are charged based on the duration and number of requests
  2. Compute time: Pay only for compute time used. There is no charge if you code is not running
  3. Request count: A request is counted each time it starts execution. Test invokes in the console count as well
  4. Always free: The free usage tier includes 1 million free requests each month
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3
Q

What is EC2?

A

Elastic Compute Cloud: Allows you to rent and manage virtual servers in the cloud. You receive up to 750 compute hours per month on the free tier

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4
Q

What are the EC2 instance types?

A
  1. General purpose instances
  2. Compute optimized instances: Ideal for compute intensive tasks like gaming services, high performance computing, and scientific modeling
  3. Memory optimized instances: Ideal for memory intensive tasks, graphics processing, data pattern matching
  4. Accelerated computing instances: Use hardware accelerators, or co-processors, to perform functions, such as floating point number calculations, graphics processing, or data pattern matching, more efficiently than is possible in software running on CPUs
  5. Storage optimized instances: Ideal for workloads that require high levels of storage
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5
Q

How can you access and connect to EC2?

A
  1. AWS Management console: You’re able to configure and manage your instances via a web browser
  2. Secure Shell (SSH): SSH allows you to establish a secure connection to your instance from your local laptop. SSH is the most common way to connect to Linux EC2 instances. Access by generating a key pair and installing an agent on the laptop
  3. EC2 Instance Connect (EIC): EIC allows you to use IAM policies to control SSH access to your instances, removing the need to manage SSH keys
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6
Q

What are the EC2 pricing options?

A
  1. On-demand
  2. Spot instances: Lets you take advantage of unused EC2 capacity. Your request is fulfilled only if capacity is available. You can save up to 90% off on-demand prices and you pay the spot price at the time
  3. Reserved instances (RI’s): Pre-paying for instances. You can save up to 75% off on-demand prices
  4. Dedicated hosts and instances: Allows you to pay for a physical server that is fully dedicated to running your instances. You use this when you want to bring your own server bound software license. Dedicated host is a physical server where dedicated instance runs on the host.
  5. Savings plan: Allows you to commit to compute usage (measured per hour) for 1 to 3 years
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7
Q

What is Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)?

A
  1. AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB): Balances loads for requests and traffic for requested services (e.g., a greeter and hostess at a restaurant). Different kinds of load balances are classic, application, gateway, and network.
  2. Auto-scaling adds or replaces EC2 instances automatically across Availability Zones, based on need and changing demands (i.e., horizontal scaling)
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8
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A
  1. Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers
  2. Allows you to manage containers, like Docker
  3. Scales automatically
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9
Q

What is AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)?

A

EKS lets you run your containerized Kubernetes applications on both Amazon EC2 and AWS Fargate.

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10
Q

What is AWS Elastic Container Service (ECS)

A

ECS lets you run your containerized Docker applications on both Amazon EC2 and AWS Fargate.

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11
Q

What is AWS Lightsail?

A

i. Allows you to quickly launch all the resources you need for small projects
ii. Deploy preconfigured applications, like WordPress websites, at the click of a button
iii. Simple screens for people with no cloud experience
iv. Includes a virtual machine, SSD-based storage, data transfer, DNS management, and a static IP
v. Provides a low, predictable monthly fee, as low as $3.50

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12
Q

What is AWS Outpost?

A

i. Allows you to run cloud services in your internal data center
ii. Supports workloads that need to remain on-premise due to latency or data processing needs
iii. AWS delivers and installs servers in your internal data center
iv. Used for a hybrid experience
v. Have access to the cloud services and APIs to develop apps on-premise

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13
Q

What is AWS Batch?

A

i. Allows you to process large workloads in smaller chunks (or batches)
ii. Run hundreds of thousands of smaller batch processing jobs
iii. Dynamically provisions instances based on volume
iv. Example: Alfredo’s pizza wants to breakup the job of sending out 50,000 emails into 1,00 email chunks

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14
Q

What is AWS Simple Storage Service (S3)?

A

S3 is object storage service for the cloud that is highly available. Objects (or files) are stored in buckets (or directories).

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15
Q

What are S3 storage options?

A
  1. Elastic Block Store (EBS)
  2. Elastic Block Store (EBS) Snapshot
  3. Elastic File System
  4. EC2 Instance Store
  5. Storage gateway (hybrid service)
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16
Q

What is S3’s Elastic Block Storage (EBS)

A

i. EBS is a storage device (called a volume) that can be attached to or removed from your instance.
ii. Can only be attached to one instance in the same AZ
iii. Recommended for quickly accessible data

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17
Q

What is S3’s EC2 instance store?

A

i. An instance store is local storage that is physically attached to the host computer and cannot be removed
ii. Storage on disks physically attached to an instance
iii. Storage is temporary since data loss occurs when EC2 instance is stopped
iv. Recommended for temporary storage needs and data replicated across multiple instances

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18
Q

What is S3’s EBS Snapshot?

A

An incremental backup. The first backup taken of a volume copies all data. All subsequent backups only the blocks of data that changed since the most recent snapshots are saved

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19
Q

What is S3’s Elastic File System (EFS)

A

i. Serverless network file system for sharing files
ii. Only supports the Linux file system
iii. Can have multiple instances reading and writing simultaneously
iv. Automatically scales
v. More expensive than EBS
vi. Accessible across different AZ in the same region
vii. Recommended for main directories for business-critical apps and lift-and-shift existing enterprise apps

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20
Q

What is S3’s Storage Gateway?

A

i. Hybrid storage service
ii. Connects on-premises and cloud data
iii. Recommended for moving backups to the cloud, reducing costs for hybrid cloud storage, and low latency access to data

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21
Q

What are the different S3 storage classifications?

A
  1. S3 Standard: General purpose storage. Low latency and high throughput.
  2. S3 intelligent tiering: Automatically moves your data to the most cost-effective storage class. Recommended for data with unknown changing access pattern
  3. S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (IA): Data accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access. Recommended for long-lives data, infrequently accessed, but with millisecond access requirements
  4. S3 One Zone-Infrequent access: Like S3 standard IA, but data stored in a single availability zone. Data stored in this storage class can be lost. Recommended for re-creatable data
  5. S3 Glacier: Long-term data storage and archival for lower costs. Data retrieval takes longer. Data stored across multiple availability zones. Recommended for long-term backups and cheaper storage option. Write once read many (WORM) permissions are common in this instance so that way edits do not occur on archived instances
  6. S3 Glacier Deep Archive: Like S3 Glacier but longer access times. Only 2 retrieval options. Recommended for long-term data archival accessed once or twice a year, also for retaining data for regulatory compliance requirements
  7. S3 Outposts: Provides object storage on-premises. Recommended for data that needs to be kept local and demanding application performance needs.
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22
Q

What is AWS’ Content Delivery Network (CDN) service?

A

CDN is a mechanism to deliver content quickly and efficiently based on geographical location

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23
Q

What is CloudFront?

A

a. CloudFront is a CDN that delivers data and applications globally with low latency
b. Makes content available globally or restrict it based on location
c. Speeds up delivery of static and dynamic web content
d. Uses edge locations to cache content. If content is already in the edge location, CloudFront delivers it immediately, otherwise CloudFront retrieves the files from the origin

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24
Q

What is AWS Global Accelerator?

A

i. Sends your users through the AWS global network when accessing your content, speeding up delivery
ii. Improves latency and availability of single-region applications
iii. Sends traffic through the AWS global network infrastructure
iv. 60% performance boost
v. Automatically re-routes traffic to healthy available regional endpoints

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25
What is AWS S3 Transfer Acceleration?
i. Improves content uploads and downloads to and from S3 buckets ii. Fast transfer of files over long distances iii. Uses CloudFront’s globally distributes edge locations iv. Customers around the world can upload to a central bucket
26
What is AWS Virtual Public Cloud (VPC)?
Foundational service that allows you to create a secure private network in the AWS cloud where you can launch your resources. Is the network layer for EC2
27
What is VPC peering?
a. Enables you to launch AWS resources into a virtual network that you've defined b. A VPC peering connection is a networking connection between two VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them using private IPv4 addresses or IPv6 addresses c. Peering facilitates the transfer of data in a secure manner
28
What is the difference between stateful and stateless filtering?
a. Network ACL’s perform stateless packet filtering, where they remember nothing and check packets that cross the subnet border inbound and outbound. AWS is configured by default to be stateful and allow all inbound and outbound traffic b. Security groups perform stateless packet filtering, where they don't remember previous decisions made for incoming packets. They deny all inbound traffic by default
29
What is AWS Route 53?
a. Route 53 is a DNS service that routes users to your applications b. Executes domain name registration c. Performs health checks on AWS resources d. Supports hybrid cloud architectures e. Connect user requests to infrastructure in AWS and outside of AWS.
30
What is AWS Direct Connect?
A dedicated physical network connection from your on-premise data center to AWS. Supports a hybrid model
31
What is AWS VPN?
a. Site to site VPN creates a secure connection between your internal networks and your AWS VPC b. Similar to Direct Connect but travels over the public internet c. Data is automatically encrypted
32
How is AWS Relational Database Service (RDS) different than AWS DynamoDB?
RDS can only support relational databases and is only compatible with mySQL and PostgressSQL. AWS DynamoDB supports non-relational NoSQL key-value and document databases.
33
What is AWS DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
Native cache layer designed to reduced read times for DynamoDB databases. Is an in-memory cache for DynamoDB.
34
What is AWS DocumentDB?
i. Fully managed document database that supports MongoDB ii. Document database iii. Non-relational
35
What is AWS ElastiCache?
i. Fully managed in-memory datastore compatible with Redis or Memcached ii. In-memory datastore iii. Data can be lost since it is stored in memory
36
What is AWS Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB)?
i. Immutable database where any entry can never be removed from an audit ii. Highly helpful in financial systems databases
37
What is AWS Neptune?
i. Full managed graph database that supports highly connected datasets ii. Supports highly connected datasets like social media networks iii. Fully managed and serverless
38
What is the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework?
i. Framework that organizations migration guidance into 6 areas into 6 different areas focus, or perspective 1. Business 2. People 3. Governance 4. Platform 5. Security 6. Operations
39
What are the 6 R's of AWS' Migration Strategy?
i. Rohosting: Lift/shift strategy ii. Replatforming: Lift-tinker-and shift strategy. No new dev efforts or code changes, but minor modifications to migrate to AWS iii. Refactoring/re-architecting: New code efforts where an organization reimagines how an application is architected iv. Repurchasing: Moving from a traditional license to a SaaS model v. Retaining: The strategy of maintaining infrastructure on-premise for a time to be retired at a later date vi. Retiring: When parts of the legacy infrastructure is no longer needed
40
What is AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)?
i. Helps you migrate database to or within AWS ii. Virtually no downtime iii. Migrate on-premise databases to AWS iv. Continuous data replication
41
What is AWS Server Migration service (SMS)?
i. Allows you to migrate on-premise servers to AWS ii. Server gets saved as a new Amazon Machine Image (AMI) iii. Use AMI to launch servers as EC2 instances
42
What are the different members of the Snow family?
Snowcone, Snowball, and Snowmobile
43
What is a Snowcone?
1. Smallest member of data transport devices 2. Holds 8 TB of usable storage 3. Migrates offline shipping and online with DataSync
44
What are Snowball and Snowball Edge?
1. Petabyte-scale data transport solution 2. Transfer data in and out 3. 80 TB of storage and 42 TB of compute capacity 4. Cheaper than internet transfer 5. Snowball Edge is a petabyte scale transport solution that natively supports EC2 and Lambda, whereas Snowball performs PB transport but not with natively supported EC2 and Lambda
45
What is a Snowmobile?
1. Multi-petabyte or exabyte scale 2. Data loaded to S3. Is driven to an Amazon data center 3. Largest ember of the transport family 4. 100 PB storage limit
46
What is AWS Datasync?
i. Allows for online data transfer from on-premise to AWS storage services like S3 or EFS ii. Migrates data from on-premise to AWS iii. Copy data over Direct Connect or the internet iv. Copy data between AWS storage services v. Replicate data cross-region or cross-account
47
What is AWS Redshift?
i. Redshift is a scalable data warehouse solution ii. Improves speed and efficiency iii. Handles exabyte-scale data
48
What is AWS Athena?
i. A query service for Amazon S3 | ii. Analyze S3 data using SQL
49
What is AWS Glue?
i. Prepares data for Analytics ii. ETL service iii. Helps you better understand your data
50
What is AWS Kinesis?
i. Allows you to analyze data and video streams in real time | ii. Supports video, audio, and application logs
51
What is AWS Elastic MapReduce (EMR)?
i. Helps you process large amounts of data ii. Process big data iii. Analyze data using Hadoop iv. Works with big data frameworks
52
What is AWS Data Pipeline?
i. Helps you move data between compute and storage services running with on AWS or on-premise ii. Moves data at specific intervals iii. Moves data based on conditions iv. Sends notifications on success or failure
53
What is AWS Rekognition?
i. Allows you to automate your image and video analysis ii. Identify custom labels in images and videos iii. Face and text detection in images and videos
54
What is AWS Comprehend?
i. A Natural-language processing (NLP) service that finds relationships in text ii. Uncovers insights and relationships iii. Analyzes text
55
What is AWS Polly?
i. Turns text into speech ii. Mimics natural sounding human speech in any languages iii. Can create a custom voice
56
What is AWS Sagemaker?
i. Helps you build, train, and deploy machine learning models quickly ii. Prepare data for models iii. Provides deep learning AMIs
57
What is AWS Augmented AI (A2I)?
1. AI Service for AWS services | 2. Provides built-in human review workflows for common machine learning use cases, such as content moderation
58
What is AWS Translate?
1. Provides language translation 2. Provides real-time and batch language translation 3. Supports diverse use bases
59
What is AWS Textract?
1. Extracts texts from images to be used in systems
60
What is AWS Lex?
1. Helps you build conversational interfaces like chatboxes 2. Build highly engaging chatboxes 3. Powers Alexa 4. Recognizes speech and understands language
61
What is AWS Cloud9?
Cloud-based integrated development environment (IDE) that lets you write, run, and debug your code with just a browser. i. Allows you to write code within an integrated development environment (IDE) from within your web browser ii. Write a debug code iii. Supports popular programming languages
62
What is AWS CodeCommit?
i. Source control system for private Git repositories ii. Commit, branch, and merge code iii. Collaborate with other software developers
63
What is AWS CodeBuild?
i. Allows you to build and test your application source code ii. Compiles source code and runs test iii. Enables continuous integration and delivery
64
What is AWS CodeDeploy?
i. Manages the deployment of code to compute services in the cloud or on-premises ii. Deploys code to EC2, Fargate, and Lambda
65
What is AWS CodePipeline?
i. Automates the software release process by implement CI/CD pipeline ii. Quickly deliver new features and updates iii. Integrates with CodeBuild to run build and unit tests iv. Integrates with CodeCommit to retrieve source code v. Integrates with CodeDeploy to deploy your changes
66
What is AWS X-Ray?
i. Helps you debug production applications ii. Analyze and debug production applications iii. Map application components
67
What is AWS DeepRacer?
i. Service that powers autonomous vehicles
68
What is AWS GroundStation?
i. Utilize a satellite by using services through satellites
69
What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
i. IaC allows you to write a script to provision AWS resources. The benefit is that you provision resource in a reproduceable manner that saves time
70
What is AWS CloudFormation?
i. Allows you to provision AWS resources using IaC ii. Provides a repeatable process for provisioning resources iii. Works with most AWS services
71
What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
i. Allows you to deploy your web applications and web services to AWS, it cannot deploy apps to on-prem ii. Orchestration service that provisions resources iii. Automatically handles deployment iv. Monitors application health via a health dashboard
72
What is AWS OpsWorks?
A configuration management service that provides managed instances of Chef and Puppet. Chef and Puppet are automation platforms that allow you to use code to automate the configurations of your servers i. Allows you to use Chef or Puppet (automation platforms) to automate the configuration of your servers and deploy code ii. Deploy code and manage applications iii. Manage on-premise servers or EC2 instances in AWS Cloud
73
What does it mean to have a loose coupling infrastructure?
1. When components have minimal dependencies. Less likelihood of an environment failing since once component is less likely to have a high impact on a system 2. It is important to maintain sound connections while keeping loose coupling
74
What is AWS Simple Queue Service (SQS)?
i. A message queuing service that allows you to build loosely coupled systems ii. Messages are processed in an asynchronous manner iii. Allows multiple components to add messages to a queue
75
What is AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS)?
i. Allows you to send plain text emails and text messages from your applications ii. Send email and text messages
76
What is AWS Simple Email Service (SES)?
i. An email service that allows you to send richly formatted HTML emails from your application ii. Ideal choice for marketing campaigns or professional emails iii. Unlike SNS, SES sends HTML emails
77
What is AWS CloudWatch?
i. A collection of services, not an individual service, that help you monitor and observe your cloud resources ii. Collects metrics, logs, and events iii. Detects anomalies in your environment iv. Visualize logs v. CloudWatch Services
78
What are AWS CloudWatch Alarms?
a. Sets high resolution alarms | b. Can notify you if an EC2 instance goes into the stopped state or usage goes above a certain utilization
79
What is AWS CloudWatch Logs?
Monitors application logs
80
What is AWS CloudWatch Metrics
Visualize time-sensitive data
81
What is AWS CloudWatch Events
a. Trigger an event based on a condition b. You can create an event rule to notify you when a root user API calls are detected in your account indicating root user activity
82
What is AWS CloudTrail?
i. Tracks user activity and API calls within your account ii. Log and retain account activity iii. Tracks activity through the console, SKD, and CLI iv. Identify which user made changes v. Detect unusual activity in your account
83
What is a NAT (Network Address Translation) Gateway?
You can use a NAT gateway so that instances in a private subnet can connect to services outside your VPC but external services cannot initiate a connection with those instances.
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