tectonic hazard examples

Question 1

mount st helens

volcano

Answer 1

location: Washington, US
date: March 27 1980
type of erruption: 5.1 magnitude
main hazards: volcanic bombs and pyroclastic flow
main impacts: 57 deaths, builings destroyed
responses and management: $946 million donated

Question 2

Eyjafyallajokull

volcano

Answer 2

location: Iceland
date: march-may 2010
physical processes: constructive plate margin
type of erruption: 3 on VEI scale
main hazards: Ash cloud
main impacts: cancelled flights
responses and management: 500 people evacuated

Question 3

Soufriere Hills

volcano

Answer 3

location: monsterrat
date: 25th june 1997
main hazards: pycroclastic flow
main impacts: 19 deaths
responses and management: 7000 tourists and residents had to evacuate

Question 4

Haiti

earthquake

Answer 4

• Location: Haiti, near Port-au-Prince
• 7.0 magnitude
• Date: January 12, 2010
• Main hazards: Ground shaking, liquefaction, building collapse
• Main impacts: Over 230,000 deaths, 1.5 million homeless, widespread infrastructure destruction
• Responses and management: International aid, UN peacekeeping forces, temporary shelters, slow rebuilding process

Question 5

Japan

earthquake

Answer 5

• Location: Northeast coast of Honshu, Japan
• 9.0 magnitude
• Date: March 11, 2011
• Physical processes: Subduction of Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate
• Main hazards: Strong ground shaking, tsunami (triggered by quake), nuclear plant damage
• Main impacts: 20,000 deaths, Fukushima nuclear crisis, $235 billion in damages
• Responses and management: Advanced early warning system, mass evacuations, rebuilding and nuclear decommissioning

Question 6

Turkey-Syria

earthquake

Answer 6

• Location: Southern Turkey and Northern Syria
• 7.8 magnitude
• Date: February 6, 2023
• Main hazards: Ground shaking, aftershocks, building collapse
• Main impacts: Over 55,000 deaths, widespread infrastructure damage, humanitarian crisis
• Responses and management: International rescue missions, emergency shelters, rebuilding programs

Question 7

Indian Ocean

tsunami

Answer 7

• Location: Indian Ocean – worst-hit areas included Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India
• Date: December 26, 2004
• Physical processes: 9.1–9.3 magnitude undersea megathrust earthquake off Sumatra
• Main hazards: Massive tsunami waves, flooding, destruction of coastal settlements
• Main impacts: Around 230,000 deaths, millions displaced, widespread coastal devastation
• Responses and management: Global humanitarian aid, tsunami warning systems installed afterward

Question 8

japan

tsunami

Answer 8

• Location: Northeast Japan
• Date: March 11, 2011
• Physical processes: Subduction zone earthquake triggered tsunami
• Main hazards: Tsunami waves up to 40m high, coastal flooding, nuclear meltdown
• Main impacts: Over 15,000 deaths from tsunami, towns destroyed, Fukushima disaster
• Responses and management: Evacuations, new sea walls built, nuclear safety reforms

Question 9

Krakatoa

tsunami

Answer 9

• Location: Sunda Strait, Indonesia
• Date: December 22, 2018
• Physical processes: Partial collapse of Anak Krakatoa volcano into the sea triggered a tsunami
• Type of eruption: Phreatomagmatic (water-magma interaction), explosive
• Main hazards: Tsunami waves (no earthquake warning), ashfall
• Main impacts: 437 deaths, 14,000 injured, many buildings damaged
• Responses and management: Search and rescue, monitoring of volcanic activity increased, tsunami warning systems updated