term test 1

Question 1

technical skills

Answer 1

specialized skills required to give care
example; defibrillation, airway management

Question 2

human relation skills

Answer 2

interpersonal skills used in personal and professional life
example; small talk and active listening

Question 3

Social skills

Answer 3

non-specific skills to engage other people
example; holding the door for someone

Question 4

therapeutic professional communication skills

Answer 4

specific and well defined professional skills
example; telling the patient they will feel a squeeze on their arm when BP is being taken and the cuff is expanding

Question 5

6 influences on life and perception

Answer 5

1. genetics
2. cultural
3. economic
4. spiritual and moral values
5. mentors
6. antmentors

Question 6

steps of the communication cycle

Answer 6

1. sender - Starts the cycle of communication by encoding (creating) message
2. message - Content of intended thought/emotion
3. receiver - Recipient of the encoded message
4. feedback - Response to the encoded message (occurs both ways, verifying process)
5. channel - Mode of communication
6. noise - Interference with clear reception
7. context - Physical and physiological communication environment

Question 7

self awareness

Answer 7

Awareness of oneself as individual, mental image of oneself (realistic or not)

Question 8

ideal self

Answer 8

Who we think we should be

Question 9

public self

Answer 9

How we want others to see us

Question 10

real self

Answer 10

Who we really think we are when we are true to our self and others

Question 11

the helping interview

Answer 11

conversation between healthcare professional and person in need
example; your opening line (defining what we do and who we are)

Question 12

3 components of the helping interview

Answer 12

1. orientation
2. identification of problem
3. resolution of the problem

Question 13

control factor

Answer 13

being the helper is a feeling of control/power; being the patient is a feeling of loss of control/power

Question 14

2 types of stressors

Answer 14

internal and external

Question 15

internal stressors

Answer 15

• Products of emotions
• Sometimes referred to as anxieties
• Can be imaginary, having no relationship to real events

Question 16

external stressors

Answer 16

Events or observations that invoke a sensation of fright or fearfulness

Question 17

stressors

Answer 17

internal perceptions or external events that cause ANS to respond

Question 18

distress

Answer 18

bad stress

Question 19

eustress

Answer 19

good stress

Question 20

3 stress theories

Answer 20

1. Claude Bernard
2. Walter B Cannon
3. Hans Seyle

Question 21

What was Claude Bernards stress theory

Answer 21

• 19th Century biologist
• Body constantly changes to maintain homeostasis
• Homeostasis = state of well being
• Too much causes death

Question 22

what was Walter B Cannons stress theory

Answer 22

• Harvard physiologist built on Bernards work
• Additionally discovered the body adapts to stressors by releasing substances into the bloodstream (epinephrine, cholesterol, glucose)

Question 23

was what Hans Seyles stress theory

Answer 23

Developed generalized Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
1. Reaction stage
2. Adaptation stage
3. Exhaustion stage
4. (hopefully in the end) return to normal stage

Question 24

the reaction stage (stage 1)

Answer 24

alarm response
- body protective measures of alerting itself to danger
flight to fight response
- increase of BP, HR, RR, blood flow to muscles heart and brain

Question 25

the adaptation stage (stage 2)

Answer 25

- If prolonged stress continues - Body ‘adapts’ to survive - Can't last forever - Once ‘adaptive energy’ depleted = disease and or death

Question 26

the exhaustion stage (stage 3)

Answer 26

- Adaptive abilities of body used up - Disease and death occur - Body uses all the cortisol up

Question 27

return to normal stage (stage 4)

Answer 27

if the body successfully endures the stressor - PNS kicks in - Body functions return to normal (decreased HR, BP, RR), constricted pupils, blood flow redirected to GI tract - Return to homeostasis

Question 28

what is the Holmes and rahe stress scale

Answer 28

- Developed by psychologists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe as a predictor of illness from stress - Effects of stress = migraine headaches, hypertension, allergies, low back pain, depression, ulcers - Other effects = arthritis, infections, skin eruptions, cancers, autoimmune disorders, heart attack. Angina, dysrhythmias, stroke, colitis,, constipation, diarrhea etc

Question 29

what is anxiety

Answer 29

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, frequently accompanied by physical symptoms

Question 30

true or false

Answer 30

anxiety is different from fear (true)

Question 31

what are the 4 levels of anxiety

Answer 31

1. mild 2. moderate 3. severe 4. panic

Question 32

define crisis

Answer 32

- sudden , unexpected and often life threatening and overall time limited event - It temporarily overwhelms capacity to respond adaptively - Personal response to a stressful event - Not a mental illness

Question 33

Characteristics of Crisis State

Answer 33

1. Atypical behavior from normal patterns of coping 2. Extreme fatigue, helplessness, inadequacy, and anxiety 3. Changes in eating habits, sleep disturbances, “tunnel vision”, inability to consider alternative options 4. Feeling “suspended in time”

Question 34

what are the 5 factors that tip the scale

Answer 34

- Problem too huge - New - Personal significance - Usual support network fails - Occurs during period of vulnerability

Question 35

crisis intervention

Answer 35

is a temporary, active and supportive entry into the life of an individual, family or organization during a period of acute distress (FOCUSED on the NOW)

Question 36

7 principles of crisis intervention

Answer 36

1. Simplicity : keep it to the point since people in crisis cant follow complex instructions or complete complex tasks 2. Brevity : keep it short and sweet 3. Innovation : be willing to try new ideas to help, there is no way to provide the perfect help to someone 4. Practicality : keep things practical, if you suggest impractical things it will only confuse and frustrate them and shake your own credibility 5. Proximity : operate within a safe zone that is close to the persons home, workplace or someone they feel most family and comfortable (safe) 6. Immediacy : services must be provided immediately for them to be best effective 7. Expectancy : encourage the person in crisis that help is available and that the situation is manageable but refrain from giving them a false sense of hope

Question 37

stages of crisis interventions

Answer 37

1. Assess the crisis 2. Establish report 3. Explore the crisis problem 4. Explore the feelings and emotions 5. Generate and explore alternatives 6. Develop and implement a crisis action plan 7. Follow up

Question 38

crew resource management

Answer 38

1. Effective communication (Clarity, Call people by name, Close the loop) 2. Leadership 3. Situational awareness 4. Resource utilization 5. Problem solving

Question 39

what are the 10 defence mechanisms

Answer 39

1. Undoing 2. Denial 3. Displacement 4. Projection 5. Compensation 6. Rationalization 7. Regression 8. Repression - unconscious 9. Suppression - conscious 10. Sublimation

Question 40

4 types of crisis orientated staff support

Answer 40

1. Comprehensive - before, during, after traumatic events 2. Integrated - All elements interrelated and blended. 3. Systematic - order of support individual → small group → more individual → CISD → family → follow up services → closure of interventions or referrals 4. Multi Tactic - different types of services available; different people = different needs.

Question 41

typical training for cism (critical incident stress management)

Answer 41

1. Assisting individuals in crisis 2. Working with large and small groups 3. Suicide prevention, intervention and recovery 4. Advanced crisis intervention tactics 5. Strategic planning

Question 42

what are the 4 ways to mitigate stress

Answer 42

The big four (MHCC) 1. Goal setting 2. Visualization 3. Self talk 4. Tactical breathing

Question 43

defence mechanisms

Answer 43

behaviour that is used to protect the ego from guilt, anxiety or loss of self esteem

Question 44

compensation

Answer 44

consciously or unconsciously overemphasizing a characteristic to compensate for a real or imagined deficiency example; the young boy whose physical stature may keep him from being a football star may compensate by achieving a academic award

Question 45

denial

Answer 45

is the unconscious refusal to acknowledge painful realities, feelings or experiences. denial offers a temporary escape from an unpleasant event example; when a laboratory report comes back positive and the client is told they may express denial by saying "there must be a mistake"

Question 46

displacement

Answer 46

is shifting the emotional element of a situation from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one example;