1
Q
Chronic Periodontitis Subclassification
A
- Localized Periodontitis - less than 30% @ mouth - attachment & bone loss
- Generalized Periodontitis - more than 30% @ mouth - attachment & bone loss
- Mild Pdtts - peridontal destruction @ not more than 1-2mm clinical attachment loss
- Moderate Pdtts - periodontal destruction @ 3-4mm attachment loss
- Severe Pdtts - periodontal destruction @ 5mm or more attachment loss
2
Q
TemporoMandibular Disorder (TMD)
A
clinical problem that involves
1. TMJ
2. Masticatory Muscle
3. Associated structures
characterized by
1. Pain @ TMJ or Muscle of Mastication, Periacular Area
2. Limited Motion of Mandibular Range
3. TMJ Sounds during Jaw Function
3
Q
Infection
A
- Microbes Proliferate @ Host Body
- General + or Local Defensive Pathological Rxn -> INDUCED
Etiology of Infx (Infx @ Haitiㅆㅂ년아ㅏ - HAOTI)
- Hematogenous Infx
- Adenogenous Infx
- Odontogenic Infx
- Traumatic Infx
- Iatrogenic Infx
4
Q
Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Crown (PFM)
A
- Dental Crown used to restore + protect a weakened tooth
- Main Components are
- Metal base
- Layer of porcelain on top
5
Q
Bechet’s Disease
A
- Mouth-Eye-Genital Syndrome (눈코좆)
- Common @ 20-40岁 (男生!!))
- RAU or RAU-like Dx.
Symptoms (Behcet’s - GESR !! bacot geser lu WKWKW)
- Genital Ulcers
- Eye Damage
- Skin Lesion
- Recurrent Oral Ulcers
6
Q
Frey’s Syndrome
A
Damage to or near Parotid Glands and From Damage to Auroculotempular N.
Happens due to a MISCOMMUNICATION between nerves that control SWEATING and those that control SALIVATION (production of saliva) after a previous injury or surgery in the area.
7
Q
Dental Caries
A
- Infx. Microbiological Dx.
- Dental Caries results in
- Localized Dissolution
- Destruction of Calcified Tissue @ Teeth
8
Q
Block Nerve Anesthesia / Nerve Block Anesthesia**
A
Managing Orofacial Pain without distorting anatomy of wound + without using narcotics
BNA (PAIN)
1. Posterior Superior Alveolar N. 🚫
2. Anterior Palatine N. 🚫
3. Inferior Alveolar + Lingual + Buccal N. 🚫
4. Nasopalatine N. 🚫
9
Q
Chronic Periodontitis
A
- Bacterial Infx. of ALL parts of PERIODONTIUM (Bone, Cementum, Gingiva, Periodontal Ligament)
- IRREVERSIBLE - not the outcome of Gingivitis
- Usualy in Adults - Slow Progression
- 95% - Most Popular
- Clinical Manifestation - Bleeding, Bad Breath, Microbial Plaque, Periodontal Pockets (Deep, Suppuration)
10
Q
Le Fort I Fracture (Low Maxillary Fracture @上 Lvl. 🦷)
A
- Maxilla is separated from the rest of Skull (Pterygoid Plates and Nasal and Zygomatic Structures)
- Occurs along Horizontal Line @ 上 Lvl. 🦷
- Because of Trauma - Forceful Blow to Face, Accidents, Fall
11
Q
Le Fort II Fracture (Pyramidal Fracture @ Nasal Bone Lvl. )
A
- Fracture separates entire Midface from rest of Skull
- Occurs from Nasal Bones to Bones @ Eye Sockets (Orbits)
- Because of Trauma - High-Impact injury
12
Q
Le Fort III Fracture (Craniofacial Disjunction @ Orbital Lvl. )
A
- Fracture separates entire Midface and Upper face (including nose, cheek, eye socket, bones surrounding them) from rest of Skull
- Occurs from Nose through Eye Sockets (Orbits) and continue to sides of Face
- Because of Trauma - Severe Trauma, Significant Falls
13
Q
Ideal Normal Occlusion**
A
Proper Alignment and Positioning of 🦷 when Jaws come together during activity of Mandible
14
Q
Individual Normal Occlusion
A
Alignment and positioning of their 🦷, while still functioning well, may have minor variations or deviations that are considered within the normal range for that person.
15
Q
Pulp Cavity or Dental Cavity
A
- Cavity that contains
- Tissue
- Blood Vessels
- Nerves - Continuous with Periodontal Tissue thru Root Canal + Apical Foramen
16
Q
Crown
A
- Caps placed @ top of damaged teeth
- Used to Protect, Cover, and Reshape (IF fillings dont solve the problem)
- Can be made of Metals, Porcelain, Resin, Ceramic
- Require good oral hygiene
17
Q
Fundamental Principle of Cavity Preparation
A
- Remove ALL defects
- Conserve ALL healthy issue
- Locate Margins of Restoration as Conservative as possible
- Form Cavity so tooth withstand Occlusal (biting)
- Forces without Fracture and Displacement
- Allow for Esthetic and Functional Restoration - Give Protection to Dental Pulp
- Pay Attention to Systemic Dx.
18
Q
Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration (RAU)/ RAS/ROU
A
- Common Ulcerative Lesion of Oral Cavity
- Recurrent, Painful
- 3 types: Minor, Major, Herpetiform
- Cause pain on Eating, Swallowing, Speaking
19
Q
Calcified Tissues
A
- Dentin - yellowish white tissue, form bulk of tooth
- Enamel - brittle white tissue, head, covers crown of the tooth
- Cement - unusual form of bone that covers root of tooth
20
Q
Impacted Tooth
A
- Tooth that fails to Erupt to Dental Arch within the Expected Developmental Window
- Caused by (ADE)
- Adjacent Teeth
- Dense Overlying Bone
- Excessive Soft Tissue/Genetic Abnormality
21
Q
Fixed Bridge
A
- False Tooth (Pontic) that is held by Abutment Teeth @ either side of gap
- Typically made from Porcelain
- 4 Main Types (TCM-I)
- Traditional
- Cantilever
- Maryland
- Implant-supported
22
Q
Abrasion
A
- Wound caused by Friction b/w Object + Surface of Soft Tissue
- Superficial,
- Denudes Epithelium,
- Involve Deep Layers (Sometimes)
23
Q
Abutment
A
- Connecting Element
- If in a Fixed Bridge (the teeth Supporting Bridge)
- If in a Partial Removable Denture (the teeth Supporting Partial)
- If in a Implant (the teeth attach to a Crown, Bridge, Removable Denture)
24
Q
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
A
- A Microbial Inflammatory Destructive Dx. of Gingiva
- Impaired Host Response (chara: Death & Sloughing of Gingival Tissue)
- ANUG occurs when harmful bacteria OVERGROW in the mouth, particularly in the GUM TISSUE. This usually happens due to factors such as poor oral hygiene, stress, a weakened immune system, smoking, or nutritional deficiencies.
25
Acute Pulpitis
1. Severely Painful
2. IRREVERSIBLE Acute Inflammation of Pulp @ inside tooth
26
Aggressive Periodontitis ***
PPLOh - PoMXB ((notes))
- Low, Adolescence
- Rapid
- Incisor/Molar
- Fair
- Narrow/Deep
- Early
- I - Horizontal, M - Vertical
- A. actinomycetemcomitans
27
Alveolar Bone
Portion of Maxilla and Mandible that Forms and Support TOOTH SOCKETS
28
Ameloblastoma **
1. Benign/Cancerous Tumour of ODONTOGENIC EPITHELIUM
2. More common @ Lower下 Jaw
29
Anachoresis
1. Localization of Blood-borne Bacteria @ Pulp
2. Thus, Pulp become Necrotic when there's no Etiologic Fx.
30
Angle's Normal Occlusion
Mesiobuccal Cusp of Upper 1st Molar OCCLUDES w/ Buccal Groove of Lower 1st Molar
31
Angle's Class I Malocclusion
1. Same w/ Normal Occlusion
2. Crowding, Rotations, Other Positional Irregularities
32
Angle's Class II Malocclusion
Mesiobuccal Cusp of Upper 1st Molar OCCLUDES anterior to Buccal Groove of Lower 1st Molar
The 2 Subtypes of AC II M:
1. Upper Incisors - Tilted OUT (Overjet)
2. Upper Incisores - Labialy
33
Angle's Class III Malocclusion
Mesiobuccal Cusp of Upper 1st Molar OCCLUDES posterior to Buccal Groove of Lower 1st Molar
34
Anterior Deep Overjet
- Extent of Horizontal Overlap of Maxillary Central Incisors over the Mandibular Central Incisors
- Normal Overjet - 2-3 mm
- Overjet >3mm - more likely to suffer injury to their upper incisors
35
Anterior Deep Overbite
Excessive overlap of Upper Front Teeth (Incisor) OVER Lower Front Teeth when the Jaws are closed. It may be the result from Upward and Forward Rotation of Mandible during growth or from Excessive Eruption of Incisor Teeth
36
Apexification**
1. Procedure that closes End of an Open Tooth Root.
2. Required for Treating Permanent Teeth with Incompletely Formed Roots that require Root Canal Therapy
37
Bacterial Factor
1. Most common cause of Endodontic Disease
2. Bacterial Invasion from Carious Lesion, Traumatic Exposure or via Dentinal Tubules are the most frequent initial cause of Pulp Inflammation
38
Bleeding on Probing (BOP)
1. For Dx. Periodontal Disease
2. Indicate - Gingival Inflammation
3. For proper Dx. should combine BOP with Probing Depth, Clinical Attachment Loss
39
Carbuncle
1. Clusters of Furuncles that are Subcutaneously Connected
2. Accompanied by Fever and Prostration
40
Carcinoma In Situ**
Precancerous condition where Abnormal Cells are found ONLY in the SURFACE layer of the ORAL tissues.
41
Cementum
Specialized tissue that COVERS the ROOTS of teeth. It plays a crucial role in ANCHORING the teeth to the JAWBONE through the attachment of tiny fibers called PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS.
42
Concussion of Teeth
Teeth that have received significant hit, but haven't been knocked out/broken. Cause e.g sports, walking into sth
43
Contusion
1. Tissue Disruption @ Tissue
2. NO BREAK @ surface of Soft Tissue
3. W or w/o Hemorrhage
4. W/ Dentoalveolar injuries or Facial Bone Fractures
44
Cracked Tooth / Incomplete Fracture
Partial Fracture commonly induced by Abnormal Occlusal Forces during Mastication
45
Crowding of Teeth
1. Insufficient room for Normal Complement of Adult Teeth
2. Treated with Orthodontics and Extraction of Teeth
46
Cusp
1. Occlusal or Incisal Eminence on a Tooth
2. Canine - cuspids, possess single Cusps
3. Premolars - bicuspids, 2 each
4. Molar - 4-5 each
47
Debridement**
refers to the Removal of Plaque, Tartar, and other Deposits from the teeth and gums to promote oral health.
48
Dental Implant
Surgical Component that Interfaces with the Bone of the Jaw/Skull to support a Dental Prosthesis.
49
Dental Plaque **
plaque biofilm, or simply biofilm composed mostly of Bacteria, their by-products, Extracellular Matrix, and Water.
50
Dental Prosthetics
1. deals with the replacement of Missing teeth and Oral tissues
2. to restore and maintain oral Form, Function, Appearance, and Health.
51
Dentin Hypersensitivity
1. characterized by Short Sharp Pain arising from the EXPOSED DENTIN in response to
- thermal,
- cold,
- tactile,
- osmotic or chemical stimuli.
2. It cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defects
3. It is a symptom complex
52
Dentin
yellowish white tissue, form bulk of tooth
53
Edentulous**
1. Lack of Teeth
2. Patients may have only 1/2 missing teeth, either in one spot or throughout the mouth
3. Removes the Anchor that teeth have, causing them to become loose
54
Enamel
brittle white tissue, head, covers crown of the tooth
55
Endodontics
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the DENTAL PULP and the PERIRADICULAR TISSUE that surround the root of the tooth.
56
Fine Needle Aspiration
1. diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses.
2. In this technique, a thin (23–25 gauge (0.52 to 0.64 mm outer diameter)), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained, are examined under a microscope (biopsy).
57
Fissure Sealants
1. Thin, Plastic, Protective Film painted on Chewing Surfaces of Back Teeth
2. Child's teeth are more susceptible to cavities -- therefore more benefits from sealant as the chewing surfaces
58
Furuncle
1. Also known as Boil
2. Common @ Neck, Breast, Face and Butt
3. Uncomfortable when closely attached to underlying structures (e.g nose, ear, finger)
4. Appearance is a nodule or pustule that discharges necrotic tissue & sanguineous pus
59
Full Crown (2017)
A RESTORATION that covers all the OCCLUSAL and CORONAL tooth surfaces (mesial, distal, facial, lingual).
60
Gingiva
1.The soft tissues that surround and support the teeth in the mouth.
2. They play a protective role, help seal the gap between the teeth, and contribute to the stability of the teeth.
61
Gingivitis
1. Bacterial Infection that is confirmed to the Gingitiva
2. Reversible
62
Herpetiform Ulcer (HU)
1. Small sized (1-2mm)
2. Large number (10+)
3. Often scattered, Never clustered
4. Severe pain
5. Increased Saliva Secretion + headache + fever
6. Recurrent, healing time similar to MiAU, does not leave scars after healing
63
Induced Chemotherapy
use of drug therapy as the initial treatment for patients presenting with advanced cancer that cannot be treated by other means
64
Inlay **
indications :
- initial lesions
- replacing failed amalgams/composites
contraindications :
- cracked teeth
- wide isthmus/deep pulpal - esthetic concerns
65
Junctional Epithelium (JE)**
1. Epithelium @ base of Gingival Sulcus
2. calibrated periodontal probe is used to measure the probing depth of the gingival sulcus. The probing depth of the gingival sulcus, however, can be considerably different from the true gingival sulcus depth
66
Laceration
- A tear in the epithelial and subepithelial tissues
- Most frequent type of soft tissue injury
- Involve the external surface only, but others extend deeply into the tissue
67
Local Anesthesia***
reversible blocking of peripheral nerve conduction by the proper application of local anesthetic agents, temporary blocking a painful stimulus from nerve endings to the central nervous system, and not loss of consciousness
68
Localized moderate chronic periodontitis
Chronic separation of the periodontal tissue from the root by 3-4 millimeters of clinical attachment loss in less than 30% of sites as measured from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the probable pocket (gingival sulcus).
69
Major Aphthous Ulcer (MjAU)
- It is termed MjAU and MjRAS
- Site: occurred on mpvable non keratinizing oral surfaces, such as the corner of the mouth, and soft palate, uvula
- Lesion: single, 10~30 mm in diameter and the ulceration is deeper, with clear margin, a little hard on the bottom
70
Minor aphthous ulcer (MiAU)
- The most common type, 80% of the RAU
- Most MiAU occur in the non-keratinized part of the
membranes
- Number and size: single or multiple, 5~10 mm (Diameter)
- Painful
- Shallow and round to oval
71
Malocclusion
misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation between the maxilla and mandibula.
72
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
* bifurcation of rib
* lamellar calcification of the falxcerebri
* multiple nevoid of the skin
* multiplekeratocysts
73
Normal Pulp
- Asymptomatic and produces a mild to moderate transient response to thermal or electrical stimuli.
- The response subsides almost immediately when the stimulus is removed.
- No painful response to percussion or palpation.
- Radiographs reveal no calcification or tooth resorption, and the lamina dura is intact.
74
Obstructive Asphyxia
pathological changes caused by lack of oxygen in respired air, resulting in hypoxia and hypercapnia.
Caused by :
- foreign bodies
- collapsed mandibular fracture
- grossly displaced and swollen tissues
- hematoma
- occluding edema from fractured larynx or trachea
75
Odontoblast Phenotype
Large columnar cells arranged in an epithelioid sheet along the junction between dentine and pulp, all the way down to the root apex
76
Odontogenic infection
1. infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues.
2. It is one the commonest diseases in origin for oral and maxillofacial region and symptoms with the infections in other places.
3. The common local signs include redness, swelling, high local temperature, pain and dysfunction
77
Onlay
- cover all the occlusal surface
- inset into the cavity to recover the shape and function of tooth
78
Osseointegration
a direct, structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant
79
Pediatric Dentistry
an area of dentistry which involves all aspects of dental care delivered by a specialist pediatric dentist to children, adolescents and those with special needs.
80
Penetrating wound
- Produced by a sharp object
- Opening wound in the surface of skin and oral mucosa
- Deep and involved other structures
81
Periapical diseases
Inflammation of the periapical tissues, mainly caused by bacteria from infected root canal system
82
Pericoronitis
An inflammatory process occurring in gingival tissue found around the coronal portion of the teeth, particularly around partially erupted
83
Periodontal Cyst
a lymphoepithelial barrier to the spread of periapical infection and may possibly regress with the removal of the causative agent.
84
Periodontal Diseases
- The various diseases or conditions affect periodontium
- One of the two major oral diseases in humans
- Including gingival diseases and periodontitis
85
Periodontal Ligament
The functions of the periodontal ligament are physical, formative and remodeling, nutritional and sensory.
86
Periodontal Pocket
unusually deep gap in the space between the surrounding gums, called the gingival sulcus
87
Periodontal Tissues (Periodontal Supportive Tissues)
Gingiva: The gingiva is divided anatomically into:
1. Marginal area
2. Attached area
3. Interdental area
88
Periodontitis
- a bacterial infection of all parts of the periodontium, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, bone and cementum
- irreversible
- not the outcome of gingivitis
89
Pericoronitis
an inflammatory process occurring in gingival tissue found around the coronal portion of the teeth, particularly around partially erupted
90
Precancerous Lesion
morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently normal counterpart
Types of precancerous lesions
1. leukoplakia
2. erythroplakia
3. nicotine stomatitis
4. tobacco pouch keratosis
91
Preventive Orthodontics
Actions taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be a normal occlusion at a specific time thus enhance coordination between teeth ,jaw and facial shape and maintain chewing and esthetic functions + pronounciatory + respiratory, prevention of potential interferences with occlusal development including malocclusions ( spaced dentition.maxillary anterior protrusion.cross bite.Openbite.Bimaxillary protrusion), periodontal tissue hygiene changes , incorrect jaw development and inconsistent facies.
92
Prosthodontics
One of the branches of dentistry that deals with the replacement of missing teeth and the associated soft and hard tissues by prostheses (crowns, bridges, dentures) which may be fixed or removable, or may be supported and retained by implants
93
Pulp Calcification
Extensive calcification (pulp stones or diffuse calcification) occurs as a response to trauma, caries, periodontal diseases or even aging
94
Pulpal diseases
A series of diseases originating from inflammation in the dental pulp inside the tooth, mainly caused by carious invasion via dentinal tubules
95
Pulpitis
- an irreversible inflammation of the pulp tissue
- manifested by spontaneous pain that is exacerbated in particular by hot stimuli, never cold
96
Pulpal Diseases
A series of diseases originating from inflammation in the dental pulp inside the tooth, mainly caused by carious invasion via dentinal tubules
97
Root Canal Therapy (RCT)
Most widely used technique to treat pulpal and periapical diseases.
1. First, to remove the infected substances.
2. Then, to obturate canal in three dimensions.
98
Removable Partial Denture
RPD either tooth/tissue supported + potential to add teeth and relatively inexpensive + fast option.Most inclusions are for temporary purpose + periodontal splinting + template for surgical implants .The drawbacks include stomatitis , hygienical difficulties, caries, periodontal and endodontic lesions ,poor speech + mastication and Bone resorption
99
Retention
a period following orthodontic treatment when a patient wears an appliance or appliances to stabilize the teeth in their new position
100
Retrograde Pulpitis
The formation of bacterial plaques on root surfaces couldbe folowed by invasion through lateral or accesory channels to the pulp and induce pulpitis , quite the converse of the normal invasion through the pulp and outwards to the periodontal tissue
101
Rubber dam
a thin sheet of latex (usually about 6 x 6 inches). It acts as a barrier that helps to keep the tooth isolated (clean, dry, contaminate-free) during the procedure.
102
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
most common type of oral cancer, which develops from the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the mouth and pharynx
103
Subgingival Plaque**
preferentially uses metabolized peptides and amino acids over glucose that are obtained from tissue breakdown products, the ginvival crevicular fluid and interbacterial feeding
104
Thyroglossal cysts
1. It is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct
2. It is an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the
formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages
105
Tooth Decay
an infectious microbiological disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissues of the teeth
106
Veneers
rehab of natural teeth, principle is to improve anterior aesthetics. *Eg: porcelain veneers: * by altering tooth morphology and color due to malformation (enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis), discolorations (tetracycline, old restoration, yellow teeth), minor malpositions (consider orthodontics), abrasion and erosion, functional, psychological-perceived needs of the patient. * least invasive of extracoronal restorations * involve buccal surface of anterior teeth.
107
Wedge-shaped Defect
a chronic defect at the cementoenamel junction of tooth labial or buccal surfaces
STOMATOLOGY
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