Agnosia
Inability to interpret sensations or recognize things and comprehend meaning of objects, associated with brain injury or neurological illness.
Alexia
Inability to read, often referred to as acquired dyslexia
Anomia
Inability to name people or objects
Neologism
Newly coined word or phrase, may be used due to inability to classify or categorize an object correctly
Agrammatism
Inability to speak with correct grammar, patient may exhibit telegraphic speech
Agraphia
Inability to write either due to motor dysfunction or inability to spell or due to a neurological illness