1
Q
What is analog data?
A
Data represented in a continuous and variable form.
2
Q
What does ASCII stand for?
A
American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters, numbers, and symbols.
3
Q
What is bandwidth?
A
The maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communication channel, usually measured in bits per second.
4
Q
What is binary?
A
A numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent data in computing.
5
Q
What is a Boolean expression?
A
A logical statement that can only be true or false and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT.
6
Q
What is a character?
A
A single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text.
7
Q
What is a character set?
A
A collection of characters that a computer can recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode.
8
Q
What is a compression ratio?
A
The ratio of the original data size to the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced.
9
Q
What is a control structure?
A
Constructs in programming that control the flow of execution, such as loops and conditional statements.
10
Q
What is data?
A
Raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information.
11
Q
What is data compression?
A
The process of reducing the size of data to save space or transmission time.
12
Q
What are data types?
A
Categories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used.
13
Q
What is a declaration in programming?
A
A statement that specifies the name and type of a variable or function without assigning a value.
14
Q
What is digital data?
A
Data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones).
15
Q
What is floating point?
A
A way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent.
16
Q
What is Huffman encoding?
A
A compression technique that uses variable-length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence.
17
Q
What is information?
A
Data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful.
18
Q
What is an integer?
A
A whole number.
19
Q
What is keyword encoding?
A
A method of data compression that replaces frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes.
20
Q
What does lossless mean in data compression?
A
A type of data compression where no information is lost and the original data can be perfectly reconstructed.
21
Q
What does lossy mean in data compression?
A
A type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently eliminating some information which may affect quality.
22
Q
What is a numeric value?
A
Any value that is a number.
23
Q
What does overflow mean?
A
A condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented within a given number of bits.
24
Q
What is pulse-code modulation (PCM)?
A
A method used to digitally represent analog signals.
25
What is a radix point?
The decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts.
26
What does the real data type represent?
Numbers that can have fractional parts, often called floating-point numbers.
27
What is reclocking?
The process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to ensure accuracy and synchronization.
28
What is run-length encoding?
A simple compression technique that replaces sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count.
29
What is scientific notation?
A method of representing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10.
30
What is signed-magnitude representation?
A way of encoding positive and negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude.
31
What is a string?
A sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used for text.
32
What is strong typing?
A feature in programming languages where each variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors.
33
What is ten's complement?
A mathematical method for representing negative numbers in a decimal system.
34
What is Unicode?
A universal character set that includes characters from virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally.
35
What are alphanumeric values?
Characters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9).
36
What is an assignment operator?
A symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically =.
37
What is an assignment statement?
A line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x = 5.
38
What is a binary operator?
An operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and /.
39
What is camel casing?
A naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName.
40
What is garbage in programming?
Unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer needs or references.
41
What is Hungarian notation?
A naming convention where the name of a variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable.
42
What is an identifier?
A name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to identify it.
43
What does initializing a variable mean?
Assigning an initial value to a variable when it is declared, like int x = 10.
44
What is kebob case?
A naming convention where words are all lowercase and separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name.
45
What is a keyword (reserved word)?
A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and cannot be used as an identifier, like if, while, and class.
46
What is an Ivalue?
An expression that refers to a memory location, which can appear on the left side of an assignment.
47
What is mixed case with underscores?
A naming convention that combines uppercase and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like My_Variable_Name.
48
What is a numeric constant?
A fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42.
49
What is a numeric variable?
A variable that holds a number value.
50
What is an operand?
A value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5.
51
What is Pascal casing?
A naming convention in which each word in the name starts with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName.
52
What is right-to-left associativity?
The order in which operations are performed in expressions where operators of the same precedence appear, processed from right to left.
53
What is snake casing?
A naming convention in which words are all lowercase and separated by underscores, like my_variable_name.
54
What is a string constant?
A fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code, like "Hello, World!".
55
What is a string variable?
A variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string).
56
What is type safety?
Ensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data type, preventing type errors.
57
What is an unnamed constant?
A fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to a variable.
58
What is an abstract step?
A high-level action in an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it.
59
What is an algorithm?
A step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem.
60
What is a branch in an algorithm?
A point in an algorithm where a decision is made, leading to different actions based on conditions.
61
What is an infinite loop?
A loop that never ends because the termination condition is never met or is incorrectly written.
62
What is input in programming?
Data that are provided to a program for processing.
63
What is a loop control variable?
A variable that determines whether the loop will continue running or stop, often incremented or modified within the loop.
64
What is a nested structure?
A programming construct where one control structure is placed inside another.
65
What is output in programming?
Data that are produced by a program and presented to the user or another system.
66
What is a pretest loop?
A loop that evaluates its condition before executing the body of the loop, such as a while loop.
67
What is an abstract step?
A high-level action in an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it.
68
What is an algorithm?
A step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem.
69
What is a branch in an algorithm?
A point in an algorithm where a decision is made, leading to different actions based on conditions.
70
What is an infinite loop?
A loop that never ends because the termination condition is never met or is incorrectly written.
71
What is input in programming?
Data that are provided to a program for processing.
72
What is a loop control variable?
A variable that determines whether the loop will continue running or stop, often incremented or modified within the loop.
73
What is a nested structure?
A programming construct where one control structure is placed inside another.
74
What is output in programming?
Data that are produced by a program and presented to the user or another system.
75
What is a pretest loop?
A loop that evaluates its condition before executing the body of the loop, such as a while loop.
76
What is pseudocode?
A simplified, human-readable version of a program's code that outlines the logic without strict syntax rules.
77
What is repetition (iteration)?
The act of executing a set of instructions multiple times, typically using loops.
78
What is selection in programming?
A control structure that allows a program to choose between different actions based on conditions (similar to a branch).
79
What is left-to-right associativity?
The rule that operators with the same precedence are evaluated from left to right in an expression.
80
What is a magic number?
A hard-coded number in a program that lacks context or explanation, making the code harder to understand and maintain.
81
What is a named constant?
A variable with a value that is set once and cannot be changed; it is used to give meaningful names to fixed values.
82
What does overhead refer to in computing?
The extra processing time, memory, or other resources required by a computer program beyond the actual task it is performing.
83
What are the rules of precedence?
The rules that define the sequence in which different operations (like addition and multiplication) are performed in an expression to ensure consistent results.
84
What is an abstract data type?
A blueprint for organizing and working with data that defines what operations can be performed on the data without specifying how they are implemented.
85
What is an array?
A collection of items stored in a contiguous memory block, each identified by an index number, allowing for efficient access to elements based on their position.
86
What is a composite variable?
A variable that can hold multiple pieces of data, often grouped together under a single name.
87
What is a container?
A data structure that holds a collection of elements, providing methods to add, remove, and access items within it.
88
What is a data structure?
A way of organizing and storing data in a computer's memory designed to facilitate the efficient retrieval, insertion, and deletion of data.
89
What is a linked list?
A sequence of elements where each element points to the next one, forming a chain.
90
What is a linked structure?
Any structure composed of elements connected by links or pointers, enabling dynamic relationships among data elements.
91
What is a list?
A collection of items arranged in a linear sequence, allowing for easy access to and the insertion and deletion of elements.
92
What is a queue?
A data structure that follows a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order where elements are added to the back and removed from the front.
93
What is a record?
A data structure that groups related pieces of information under a single name, typically consisting of multiple fields or attributes.
94
What is a stack?
A data structure that follows a last-in, first-out (LIFO) order where elements are added and removed from the same end, known as the top.
95
What is an argument?
The actual value or data you pass to a function or subprogram when you call it.
96
What is a parameter?
A variable in a function or subprogram definition that acts as a placeholder for the value (argument) you pass when you call the function.
97
What is a parameter list?
A set of parameters defined in a function or subprogram specifying the number and types of inputs the function can accept.
98
What is a reference parameter?
A type of parameter that allows a function to modify the actual variable passed to it.
99
What is a subprogram (function)?
A general term for a block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused.
100
What is a value parameter?
A type of parameter that passes a copy of the argument's value to the function.
101
What is asynchronous?
A type of operation that runs independently of the main program flow, allowing additional tasks to happen without waiting for others to complete.
102
What is bytecode?
A low-level, platform-independent code that is executed by a virtual machine, typically produced by compiling source code.
103
What does case sensitive mean?
When a programming language treats uppercase and lowercase letters as different characters.
104
What is a class in programming?
A blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming that defines the properties and behaviors the objects will have.
105
What is a compiler?
A tool that translates source code written in a high-level programming language into machine code or bytecode that a computer can execute.
106
What is encapsulation?
Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (a class) and restricting access to some of the object's components.
107
What is a field in programming?
A variable associated with a class or object that represents a piece of data stored in that object.
108
What is inheritance?
The creation of a new class based on an existing class, inheriting its properties and methods while adding new ones or modifying existing ones.
109
What does instantiate mean?
The process of creating a specific instance of a class, resulting in an object.
110
What is an interpreter?
A tool that executes source code directly and translates it into machine code in real time rather than compiling it before.
111
perform
112
• object: an instance of a class containing data and methods defined by the class
representing a
113
specific entity in a program
114
• paradigm: a style or approach to programming—such as object-oriented
procedural
115
functional programming-that dictates how code is structured and organized
116
• polymorphism: a concept that allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a
117
common superclass
118
• strong typing: a feature in which each variable has a specific type and you must follow strict
119
rules about how types are used and combined
helping prevent errors in your code
120
prt sc
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end
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backspe
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Computer Scienece Terms
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