1
Q
define joint
A
adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to form connection (articulations)
2
Q
function of joint
A
allow for stability by holding skeleton together
allow movement by muscles pull on bones across joints
3
Q
structural classification of joints is also called as
A
construction of joints
4
Q
define fibrous joints
A
-bones joined by fibrous CT with little/no movement
5
Q
define cartilaginous joint
A
-bones joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage
6
Q
define synovial joint
A
-bones separated by synovial cavity and allows free movement
7
Q
example of fibrous joints
A
-sutures (between skull bones)
-syndesmoses (connected by thick dense fibrous sheet)
-gomphoses (tooth anchored to jaw)
8
Q
example of synovial joints
A
-planar, hinge, saddle, ball-and-socket
9
Q
what does synovial joints form?
A
-joint cavity/spinal cavity
10
Q
what does synvoial joints contain?
A
joint cavity
11
Q
function of spinal fluid/fluid filled space
A
-allows bone to move smoothly, deliver nutrients and waste removal
12
Q
what is articular artilage made up of?
A
hyaline cartilage
13
Q
what does tendon attaches to?
A
muscle and bone
14
Q
what are the accessory structures?
A
ligaments, bursae, tendons, and menisci
15
Q
what is a ligament?
A
-connect bones
-fibrous CT
-dense regular CT
16
Q
define bursae
A
-thin CT sac
-filled with lubricating fluid
17
Q
define menisci
A
-fibrocartilage pads in knees
18
Q
what does synovial joints have?
A
-hyaline
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid
-ligaments
-bursae
-menisci
19
Q
how does the joints move and give examples
A
- synarthroses: immovable (skull sutures)
- amphiarthroses: slightly movable (invertebral disc)
- diarthroses: freely movable (all synovial joints)
20
Q
A
21
Q
function of ligaments
A
-stabilize joints
22
Q
function of bursae
A
-reduces friction
23
Q
function of menisci
A
-cushioning
-stability
-shock absorption
24
Q
types of synovial joints (from least to most movement)
A
-plane
-hinge
-pivot
-ellipsoid
-saddle
-ball and socket
25
what are the structures of different types of synovial joints?
1. plane- flat surfaces
2. hinge- convex fits concave
3. pivot- rounded bone in ring
4.ellipsoid- oval fits shallow depression
5. saddle- both bones saddle-shapes
6. ball and socket- ball fits socket
26
examples for each type of synovial joints
1. plane- carpals, tarsals
2. hinge- elbow, knee
3. pivot- C1-C2 (neck)
4. ellipsoid- knuckles
5. saddle- thumb
6. ball and socket- shoulder, hip
27
what are the movements for each type of synovial joint?
1. plane- sliding/gliding
2. hinge- flex/extend (1st axis)
3. pivot- rotation
4. ellipsoid- flex/extend + ab/adduction (2axes)
5. saddle- multi-axis movement
6. ball and socket- most movement, least stabiility
28
define joint movement (gliding)
-flat surfaces slide
29
define joint movement (angular, flexion)
-decrease angle/fetal position
30
define joint movement (angular, extension)
-increase angle, back to anatomical
31
define joint movement (angular, hyperextension)
-beyond anatomical
32
define joint movement (angular, abduction)
-away from midline
33
define joint movement (angular, adduction)
-toward midline
34
define joint movement (angular, circumduction)
-circular movement
35
define joint movement (rotation)
-turning on axis
36
define joint movement (supination/pronation)
-palm up/palm down
37
define joint movement (elevation/depression)
-raise or lower
38
define joint movement (protraction/retraction)
-forward/backward movement
39
define joint movement (inversion/eversion)
-sole inward/outward
40
define joint movement (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion)
-toes up/toes down
41
define joint movement (opposition)
-thumb touches fingertips
42
define the joint temporomandibular (TMJ)'s bones and classifications
-temporal + mandible
-synovial (hinge/plane); diarthrosis
-elevation/depression, protraction/retraction
43
define the joint glenohumeral (shoulder)'s bones and classifications
-scapula + humerus
-synovial (ball and socket); diarthrosis
-flexion, extension, ab/adduction, rotation, circumduction
44
define the joint elbow's bones and classifications
-humerus +ulna/radius
-synovial (hinge); diarthrosis
-flexion, extension
45
define the joint coxal (hip)'s bones and classifications
-femur + acetabulum
-synovial (ball and socket); diarthrosis
-flex/extend, ab/adduction, rotation, circumduction
46
define the joint knee's bones and classifications
-femur + tibia and patella
-synovial (hinge/plane); diarthrosis
-flexion, extension, limited rotation
47
define levers in the body (joint, effort, resistance)
-fulcrum: joint
-effort: muscle contraction
-resistance: body weight/load
48
explain the arrangement and example of each classes of the levers in the body
1st class: arrangement- fulcrum in middle ; example-neck/head nodding
2nd class: arrangement-resistance in middle ; example- calf raise
3rd class: arrangement- effort in middle ; elbow (biceps curl)
49
what are the important information about the 1st class lever in the body?
-mechanical advantage/disadvantage varies
50
what are the important information about the 2nd class lever in the body?
-mechanical advantage (strong, less motion)
51
what are the important information about the 3rd class lever in the body?
-mechanical disadvantage but increase in range of motion
52
what are the different types of arthritis?
-osteoarthritis
-rheumatoid arthritis
-gouty arthritis
-ankylosing spondylitis
53
what is osteoarthritis?
-type of athritis that is wear-and-tear and cartilage breakdown
54
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
-type of arthritis that is autoimmune inflammation of synovial membrane
55
what is gouty arthritis?
-type of arthritis that is caused by uric acid buildup
56
what is ankylosing spondylitis?
-type of arthritis that is an inflammatory disease and vertebrae fuse
57
define range of motion
-full movement potential of a joint
58
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (suture)?
-bone: adjacent skull bones
-functional classification: synarthrosis
-movement: no movement
59
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (atlanto-occipital)?
-bones: C1
-movement: flexion, extension, lateral flexion of head
-functional classification: diarthrosis
60
what are the bones included in the joint (atlanto-axial)?
-bones: C1 & C2
-movement: rotation of head
-functional classification: diarthrosis
61
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (intervertebral between bodies)?
-bones: bodies of adjacent vertebrae
-movement: slight movement
-functional classification: amphiatrosis
62
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (intervertebral between articulation process)?
-bones: superior and inferior articular process of adjacent vertebrae
-movement: slight gliding
-functional classification: diarthrosis
63
what are the bones included in the joint (lumbosacral)
-bones:body of L5 and sacrum base
64
what are the bones included in the joint (sternocostal rib 1)?
-bone: sternum and first rib
65
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (sternocostal ribs 2-7)?
-bones:sternum and costal cartilages 2-7
-movement: slight gliding
-functional classification: diarthrosis
66
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (costovertebral)?
-bone: head of rib and thoracic vertebrae bodies
-movement: slight gliding
-functional classification: diarthrosis
67
what are the bones included in the joint, movement and its functional classification (costoransverse)?
-bones: tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebra
-movement: slight gliding
-functional classification: diarthrosis
68
what are the bones included in the joint (sternoclavicular)?
-manubrium of sternum and sternal end of clavicle
69
what are the bones included in the joint (acromioclavicular)?
-acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
70
what are the bones included in the joint (proximal radioulnar)?
-head of radius and radial notch of ulna
71
what are the bones included in the joint (distal radioulnar)?
-distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
72
what are the bones included in the joint (wrist)?
-distal end of radius and carpal bones
73
what are the bones included in the joint (intercarpal)?
-adjacent carpal bones
74
what are the bones included in the joint (thumb-digit 1)?
-trapezium and first metacarpal
75
what are the bones included in the joint (thumb-digits 2-5)?
-carpals and metacarpals 2-5
76
what are the bones included in the joint (MCP)?
-heads of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges
77
what are the bones included in the joint (Interphalangeal IP)?
-heads of phalanges and bases of distal phalanges
78
what are the bones included in the joint (sacroiliac)?
-auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilia
79
what are the bones included in the joint (pubic symphysis)?
-bodies of pubic bone
80
what are the bones included in the joint (patellofemoral)?
-patella and patellar sruface of femur
81
what are the bones included in the joint (superior tibiofibular)?
-head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
82
what are the bones included in the joint (inferior tibiofibular)?
-distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia
83
what are the bones included in the joint (intertarsal)?
-between tarsal bones
84
what are the bones included in the joint (MTP)?
-heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges
85
what are the bones included in the joint (IP, toes)?
-heads of phalanges and bases of distal phalanges
86
define arthritis
-damage to articular cartilage that leads to swelling, pain, and stiffness
BIOL 110 WEEK 5
flashcards
Decks in class (1)
# Cards
