1
Q
Which is true regarding the field of psychology?
- psychology is a field of medical doctors
- psychology is a field of scientific inquiry
- psychology is the study of therapy and counseling
- psychology only focuses on people with mental disorders
A
psychology is a field of scientific inquiry
2
Q
Which of these statements is least likely to be made by a functionalist?
- Nausea is adaptive because it protects the body against poisons
- Depression evolved because it arouses the sympathy of others
- Laughter occurs less often when a person is alone
- Feelings of guilt are useful because they prevent members of a community to hurt their neighbors
A
Laughter occurs less often when a person is alone
3
Q
The ideas of ___ formed the basis for psychoanalysis, an important school of psychological thought that explored unconscious drives and conflicts
- Wilhelm Wundt
- William James
- Sigmund Freud
- Joseph Gall
A
Sigmund Freud
4
Q
Dr. Huerta believes that genetic factors lead to heavy drinking and drug use, which alters brain function to create addiction. Which psychological perspective does she follow?
A
biological
5
Q
Student’s grades positively correlated with their use of the internet. What can we conclude?
A
We can predict that students who use the internet frequently are more likely to get better grades than those who do not.
6
Q
What should we do to show that using the internet causes better grades?
- Run an experiment
- Manipulate use of the internet as an independent variable
- observe students’ grades as a dependent variable
- All of the above
A
all of the above
7
Q
Which of the following is manipulated by the researchers in an experiement?
- control variable
- dependent variable
- independent variable
- confounding variable
A
independent variable
8
Q
Bruce assigns grades in PSYC 102 by carefully measuring the size of each students’ head. What is wrong with his grading system?
- It is not stable
- It is not valid
- It is not reliable
- It is not significant
A
It is not valid
9
Q
Which part of the neuron transmits messages to other neurons, muscles, or gland cells?
- the axon
- dendrites
- the cell body
- glial cells
A
the axon
10
Q
_____ refers to the concept that specific parts of the brain fulfill specific functions.
- localization
- plasticity
- lateralization
- neurogenesis
A
localization
11
Q
If your hippocampus was damaged a year ago, which of the following tasks would be most difficult for you?
A
Remembering what you had for dinner last night
12
Q
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sounds?
- frontal
- temporal
- occipital
- parietal
A
temporal
13
Q
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ____.
- studying the genetic basics for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
- studying unconscious motivations for behavior throughout the use of psychoanalysis
- studying how emotional responses influence behavior with deemphasizing the importance of the unconscious
- studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
A
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
14
Q
____ is perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
- humanism
- structuralism
- gestalt
- behaviorism
A
humanism
15
Q
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we can explain the behavior of others, and how resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of _____.
- social psychology
- gestalt psychology
- personality
- psychoanalysis
A
social psychology
16
Q
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
- John watson
- Wilhelm Wundt
- sigmund freud
- William James
A
John watson
17
Q
William James was the _____.
- first American psychologist
- author of the first psychology textbook
- first psychoanalyst
- father of psychology
A
first American psychologist
18
Q
introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ____ as objectively as possible.
- the social construction of consciousness
- her own conscious experience
- her own subconscious experience
- another person’s consciousness
A
her own conscious experience
19
Q
psychology refers to the ____.
- systematic study of human interaction
- empirical study of humanity
- experimental study of individuals
- scientific study of the mind and behavior
A
scientific study of the mind and behavior
20
Q
Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ____ psychology.
- personality
- cognitive
- developmental
- social
A
developmental
21
Q
the ____ variable measures effects of the independent variable.
- dependent
- independent
- confounding
- experimental
A
dependent
22
Q
_____ research studies the same groups of participants over time.
- correlational
- cross-sectional
- longitudinal
- archival
A
longitudinal
23
Q
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
- descriptive
- survey
- correlational
- experimental
A
experimental
24
Q
____ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.
- experimental
- correlational
- survey
- archival
A
archival
25
Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates:
1. that smoking causes lung cancer
2. that smoking contributes to lung cancer
3. a common cause of both smoking and lung cancer
4. a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
26
_____ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.
1. validity
2. reliability
3. generalizability
4. statical significance
reliability
27
Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in an ____ of conjoined twins.
1. experiment
2. naturalistic observation
3. survey
4. case study
case study
28
In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ___ and ___.
1. blind group assignment; random sampling
2. blind sampling; random group assignment
3. blind group assignment; blind sampling
4. random sampling; random group assignment
random sampling; random group assignment
29
A(n) ____ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
1. conclusion
2. theory
3. hypothesis
4. operational definition
theory
30
A negative correlation means:
1. a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship
2. there is a relationship two variables, but it is not statistically significant
3. two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome
4. one variable decreases as the other increases
one variable decreases as the other increases
31
The only was to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) _____.
1. study
2. survey
3. detailed literature search
4. experiment
experiment
32
A(n) ____ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
1. independent variable
2. confounding variable
3. dependent variable
4. control variable
confounding variable
33
A major advantage of case studies is ____.
1. detailed information
2. quick data collection
3. generalizability
4. large sample size
detailed information
34
the effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ____, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ____.
1. slow; a short duration
2. fast; long lasting
3. fast; a short duration
4. slow; long lasting
fast; long lasting
35
the two main divisions of the nervous system are the ___ and ___.
1. autonomic; somatic nervous system
2. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous system
3. autonomic; sympathetic nervous system
4. central; peripheral nervous system
central; peripheral nervous system
36
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _____.
1. depression
2. obsessive-compulsive disorder
3. Parkinson's disease
4. schizophrenia
depression
37
studying close relatives allows behavioral genetics to determine _____.
1. the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied
2. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
3. whether genes or environment cause a behavior or trait
4. how behaviors have changed over time
the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
38
the space between two neurons is called the ____.
1. synapse
2. terminal button
3. vesicle
4. soma
synapse
39
the _____ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills
1. ventral tegmental area
2. cerebellum
3. substantia nigra
4. sensory cortex
cerebellum
40
the ____ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.
1. adrenal
2. pituitary
3. pineal
4. thyroid
pituitary
41
the endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ____.
1. neurotransmitters
2. factors
3. proteins
4. hormones
hormones
42
The theory of _____ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
1. behavioral genetics
2. evolution by natural selection
3. genetic mutation
4. survivalism
evolution of natural selection
43
What does the myelin sheath do?
1. connect two neurons together
2. increase speed of the electrical signal down the axon
3. collect excitatory and inhibitory signals
4. help release neurotransmitters
increase speed of the electrical signal down the axon
44
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
1. running away
2. pupils dilate
3. heart rate and blood pressure increases
4. adrenaline surges into the bloodstream
running away
45
____ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.
1. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
2. positron emission tomography (PET)
3. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4. electroencephalography (EEG)
electroencephalography (EEG)
46
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. substantia nigra
4. broca's area
hypothalamus
47
_____ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
1. depolarization
2. hyper polarization
3. action potential
4. neurotransmission
action potential
48
the cognitive revolution led psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding _____.
1. stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain
2. genetics and the evolutionary adaptation that underlie behavior
3. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses
4. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
49
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
1. proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
2. studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
3. classical conditioning
4. dream analysis
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
50
psychoanalytic theory focuses on ____ and early childhood experiences.
1. a person's unconscious
2. evolutionary adaptation
3. a person's consciousness
4. observable behavior
a person's unconscious
51
Behavorists study ____.
1. learned behavior
2. a person's unconscious mind
3. chemical and hormonal changes
4. dreams
learned behavior
52
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area ____.
1. social psychology
2. cognition
3. personality
4. perception
personality
53
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _____.
1. developmental psychologist
2. biopsychologist
3. social psychologist
4. perception
biopsychologist
54
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ____.
1. study the structure and characteristics of the mind
2. manipulate human behavior
3. interpret dreams
4. study the function of behavior
study the function of behavior
55
Aysha wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?
1. social psychology
2. clinical psychology
3. cognitive psychology
4. organizational psychology
clinical psychology
56
an intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has ____ reliability and ____ validity.
1. low; low
2. low; high
3. high; high
4. high; low
high; low
57
a relationship between two variables is known as ______.
1. reliability
2. validity
3. cause-and-effect
4. a correlation
a correlation
58
_____ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.
1. illusory correlation
2. experimenter bias
3. confirmation bias
4. Sampling bias
confirmation bias
59
A(n) ____ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variable of interest.
1. operational definition
2. hypothesis
3. theory
4. experimental plan
operational definition
60
_____ refers to the ability of an instrument of tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.
1. generalizability
2. operational definition
3. reliability
4. validity
validity
61
_____ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
1. archival research
2. surveys
3. university experiments
4. case studies
surveys
62
The _____ is controlled by the experimenter.
1. independent variable
2. dependent variable
3. variability
4. confounding variable
independent variable
63
which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
1. it can be tested using the empirical methods
2. it is falsifiable
3. it is complex
4. it is an if-then statement
it is complex
64
scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ____.
1. the scientific method
2. inductive reasoning
3. deductive reasoning
4. the experiment
the scientific method
65
In a ___ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
1. pilot
2. double-blind
3. control
4. randomly assigned
double blind
66
Patwardhan et. al report date from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully taking notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?
1. experiment
2. naturalistic observation
3. survey
4. case study
naturalistic observation
67
Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participants beliefs and/or the experiments beliefs may slew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ___ study.
1. control
2. double-control
3. double-blind
4. single-blind
double-blind
68
_____ are human subjects of psychological research.
1. people
2. participants
3. clients
4. individuals
participants
69
the auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
1. temporal
2. parietal
3. occipital
4. frontal
temporal
70
_____ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.
1. dopamine
2. acetylcholine
3. serotonin
4. glutamate
dopamine
71
the somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing _____.
1. motivation and error
2. language, such as speech
3. motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
4. temperature, touch, and pain
temperature, touch, and pain
72
what part of the neuron receives messages?
1. soma
2. dendrites
3. axon
4. synaptic vesicles
dendrites
73
which of the following is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
1. reasoning
2. memory
3. breathing
4. emotion
breathing
74
which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
1. pineal gland
2. thyroid
3. ovaries
4. hypothalamus
hypothalamus
75
which of the following is not a limbic system structure?
1. hippocampus
2. pons
3. amygdala
4. hypothalamus
pons
76
______ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
1. acetylcholine
2. GABA
3. beta-endorphin
4. norepinephrine
beta-endorphin
77
sensory and motor neurons of the _____ nervous system and associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious of voluntary.
1 . sympathetic
2. autonomic
3. parasympathetic
4. somatic
somatic
78
_______ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine within those boundaries we will fall.
1. evolutionary psychology
2. environmental psychology
3. range of reaction
4. behavioral genetics
range of reaction
79
the central nervous system consists of the brain and the ______.
1. spinal cord
2. peripheral nerves
3. internal organs
4. brainstem
spinal cord
80
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enter the scanning machine. What type of brain imagining is most likely being conducted in this study?
1. magnet resonance imaging (MRI)
2. electroencephalograph (EEG)
3. positron emission tomography (PET)
4. computerized tomography (CT) scan
positron emission tomography (PET)
81
the _____ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.
1. amygdala
2. corpus callosum
3. pons
4. hypothalamus
amygdala
82
Psychiatrists often prescribe drugs they hope will treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring _____ balance.
1. hormone
2. emotional
3. electrical
4. neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
83
who established the first psychology lab?
Wilhelm wundt
