1
Q
- NPS is an acronym for ______.
A
Nominal Pipe Size
2
Q
- T/F Pipes were originally produced to have one thickness which was termed standard (STD).
A
True
3
Q
- When pipes were manufactured with thicker walls they became known as extra _________ or extra __________.
A
strong, heavy
4
Q
- T/F As pipes were manufactured with thicker walls, the outside diameters remained unchanged.
A
True
5
Q
- The term ____ was invented to specify the nominal wall thickness of pipe.
A
schedule
6
Q
- The NPS is loosely related to the _______diameter of the pipe.
A
inside
7
Q
- For a given NPS, the pipe _______ diameter stays constant.
A
outside
8
Q
- Larger schedule numbers mean ________ pipe wall thickness.
A
thicker
9
Q
- Name the two non-dimensional numbers used to specify pipe.
A
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) & schedule number (SCH)
10
Q
- For pipe sizes larger than _____ inch, the NPS corresponds to the actual outside diameter.
A
12
11
Q
- Schedule 80 pipe provides a _________ factor of safety compared to a similar size Schedule 40 pipe.
A
greater
12
Q
- Schedule 80 pipe costs ____ compared to a similar size Schedule 40 pipe.
A
more
13
Q
Using the ANSI Pipe Schedule, answer the questions below.
11. For the following pipe sizes, state the pipe outside diameter:
a. 2-inch ______
b. 6-inch ______
c. 12- inch _____
d. 16-inch _____
A
a. 2-inch 2.375”
b. 6-inch 6.625”
c. 12- inch 12.750”
d. 16-inch16.000”
14
Q
Using the ANSI Pipe Schedule, answer the questions below.
12. For the following pipe sizes, calculate the pipe inside diameter:
a. 2-inch XH _______
b. 8-inch Schedule 40 _______
c. 12-inch Schedule 40 ______
d. 20-inch Schedule 80 ______
A
a. 2-inch XH 2.375 - 2 x .218 = 1.939”
b. 8-inch Schedule 40 8.625 - 2 x .322 = 7.981”
c. 12-inch Schedule 40 12.750 - 2 x .406 = 11.938”
d. 20-inch Schedule 80 20.000 - 2 x 1.031 = 17.938”
15
Q
Using the ANSI Pipe Schedule, answer the questions below.
13. What is the weight per foot in pounds of the following pipe sizes:
a. 2-inch XH _____
b. 10-inch Schedule 40 ______
c. 20-inch Schedule 40 ______
d. 30 -inch XH _________
A
a. 2-inch XH 5.03
b. 10-inch Schedule 40 40.52
c. 20-inch Schedule 40 123.23
d. 30 -inch XH 157.68
16
Q
- This material is used due to its good corrosion resistance and excellent machinablility. It is used in low to medium pressure applications, commonly in residential or commercial plumbing systems.
A
Brass
17
Q
- This material is a popular choice due to its ability to handle high temperature, high pressure operations. It is commonly used in the water, oil, and gas industries.
A
Carbon Steel
18
Q
- This material is used in applications that involve corrosive fluids, chemicals, and environments. It is often used in food processing, pharmaceutical, and chemical.
A
Stainless Steel
19
Q
- This material is a cost-effective material commonly used in low pressure applications. It is often used in water, steam and gas applications.
A
Cast Iron
20
Q
- This material is used for applications that call for unique properties and are highly resistant to corrosion and extreme high temperatures. This material Is often used is chemical processing plants and nuclear power facilities.
A
Special Alloys
21
Q
- This material is like cast iron in its composition but offers higher strength and flexibility. It is often used in water, oil, and gas applications.
A
Ductile Iron
22
Q
- What are the two most popular methods of manufacturing valves.
A
Casting Method and Forging Method
23
Q
- Name the six steps in involved casting.
A
Mold or core preparation, Metal melting, Pouring molten metal into the mold, Solidifying the metal, Removing the cast component from the mold, Finishing and polishing the component
24
Q
- Name the five stages involved in forging.
A
Cutting and forging the metal, Trimming excess material, Sandblasting to smooth and clean surfaces, Machining to refine shape and dimensions, Surface treatment to enhance component properties
25
9. Name two advantages of the casting process.
Suitable for high-volume production and Ideal for creating intricate valve components
26
10.Name two advantages of the forging process.
Improved fatigue resistance, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications and Suited for producing smaller components or low volume orders
27
1. _______ were the first people to use valves with aqueducts.
Romans
28
2. Name two applications that valves were used for in ancient times.
Public use or irrigation
29
3. T/F The modern history of the valve industry starts with the Industrial Revolution.
True
30
4. Name the four primary functions of valves.
On/off, flow control, directional flow and overpressure protection
31
5. This valve part is the main pressure retaining part, provides the passage for fluid flow, and accommodates the valve trim.
The body
32
6. If the inside passage diameter of the valve is the same as the connecting pipe, it is known as a _______.
Full bore
33
7. If the inside passage diameter of the valve is smaller than the connecting pipe, it is known as a _____.
Reduced bore
34
8. Name a type of valve end connection.
threaded
35
9. This kind of body is used mainly in globe valves, piston or plug type check valves.
Crossflow or Split section body
36
10. The cover for the valve body is known as a ________.
Bonnet
37
11. T/F In a split body ball valve, there is not a bonnet because the body is split into two sections.
True
38
12. The removable internal parts of the valve that contact the flow medium are known as the valve ___.
trim
39
13. This part of the valve trim allows, throttles, or stops the fluid flow.
the disc
40
14. T/F The valve leakage rate is directly proportional to the effectiveness of the seal between the valve disc and the seat(s).
true
41
15. What is the purpose of the back seat.
Prevents leakage of flow medium to the packing chamber and consequently to the environment.
42
16. This part of the valve connects the actuator and the disk.
the stem
43
17. This valve part connects the valve body or bonnet with the actuating mechanism.
the yoke
44
18. What is the stem/gland packing made of?
Graphite or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
45
1. Name three U. S. based organizations involved in valve standards.
American Petroleum Institute, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American National Standards Institute
46
2. Which ASME Standard covers Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves?
Standard 16.10
47
3. Name four valve types that are covered by this standard?
Plug, check, gate, globe
48
4. What is the purpose of this standard?
To assure installation interchangeability for valves of a given material, type, size, rating class and end connection.
49
5. Define the face-to-face flange dimension.
The distance between the extreme ends which the gasket surface contacts.
50
6. Define the face-to-face flange dimension for buttwelded end valves.
The distance between the welding bevels.
51
7. Valve size in North America is denoted by the ___________.
nominal pipe size (NPS)
52
8. In the metric system, valve size is designated by the _________.
nominal diameter (DN) of connecting pipe or the connecting flange ends.
53
9. T/F The valve size is not necessarily equal to the inside diameter of the valve.
True
54
10. What is WOG an acronym for and what does it represent?
Water, Oil, Gas - represents the maximum pressure per square inch that the valve can handle at ambient temperature.
55
11. A 200 WOG equals _______ psi.
200
56
12. What is CWP an acronym for and what does it represent?
Cold Working Pressure - defines the maximum pressure rating for valves between -20F - 100F.
57
13. A 150 CWP equals _______ psi.
150
58
14. T/F Class numbers designate the pressure-temperature ratings of valves.
True
59
15. The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the _______ component of the valve.
Pressure-containing shell
60
16. What class numbers are covered by ASME standard B16.34?
150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, and 4500 valves
61
17. What class numbers for steel pipe are covered by ASME standard B16.34?
150,300,600,900,1500, & 2500
62
18. Name the two types of leaks that occur while undergoing tests.
External and Internal
63
19. Name the two types of tests used to test for valve leakage.
Hydrostatic and/or pneumatic
64
20. T/F The maximum allowable leakage for valves is defined by valve size.
True
65
21. What is the most widely used standard for valve inspection & testing?
American Petroleum Institute (API) 598, Valve Inspection and Test
66
22. _____ test confirms the soundness of the pressure containing structure within the valve.
Shell
67
23. _____ test verifies the leakage through the stem or shaft to the seal.
Backseat
68
24. ______ test is required for all gate, globe, plug, check, floating ball, and butterfly and verifies the leakage through the closure mechanism.
Closure
69
25. T/F The API standard requires zero leakage for the shell test.
False No visible leakage
70
Using the Leakage Table in the Reading, answer questions 26 -28.
26. How much liquid (drops/minute) is allowed for a 4” metal seated ball valve?
12
71
Using the Leakage Table in the Reading, answer questions 26 -28.
27. How much gas (bubbles/minute) is allowed for a 10” metal seated plug valve?
40
72
Using the Leakage Table in the Reading, answer questions 26 -28.
28. Per the notes, 1 milliliter is equivalent to ____ drops.
16
73
29. What is the ISO standard for pressure testing of valves?
ISO 5208, Industrial Valves, Pressure Testing of Valves
74
30. Name two valves that are classified as linear motion valves.
Gate and globe
75
31. Name three valves that are classified as rotary motion valves.
Stop check valve, ball valve and plug valve
76
What are the Different ANSI Classes for Valves?
32. Fill in the table below for the maximum pressure ratings for the ANSI Classes for the temperature range of -20⁰F to 100⁰F.
ANSI CLASS
150
285 psig
77
What are the Different ANSI Classes for Valves?
32. Fill in the table below for the maximum pressure ratings for the ANSI Classes for the temperature range of -20⁰F to 100⁰F.
ANSI CLASS 300
740 psig
78
What are the Different ANSI Classes for Valves?
32. Fill in the table below for the maximum pressure ratings for the ANSI Classes for the temperature range of -20⁰F to 100⁰F.
ANSI CLASS 600
1480 psig
79
What are the Different ANSI Classes for Valves?
32. Fill in the table below for the maximum pressure ratings for the ANSI Classes for the temperature range of -20⁰F to 100⁰F.
ANSI CLASS 900
2220 psig
80
1. When a valve has a smaller diameter than the pipeline, the flow velocity will _______ through the valve
increase
81
2. The point of the highest velocity and lowest pressure is known as the _______.
vena contracta
82
3. The fluid pressure increase that occurs as the fluid moves from the valve’s outlet and downstream piping is known as FL or _______.
pressure recovery factor
83
4. Define Valve Flow Coefficient (Cv).
A valve’s capacity for a liquid or gas to flow through it.
84
5. The larger the Cv, the ____ the flow will be through the valve.
more
85
1.
Valve inlet pressure P1
86
2.
Recovery region
87
3.
Vena contracta pressure
88
4.
Pressure loss ΔP
89
5.
Valve outlet pressure P2
90
6.
Pressure recovery
91
7. T/F High pressure recovery valves are designed to minimize pressure loss by streamlining the flow passage.
True
92
8. A valve reaches its highest Cv value when it is ____ % open.
100
93
9. What is the equation for Cv for liquids?
Cv = Q*√(SG/ΔP)
94
10. When selecting a valve, the Cv should fall between _______ open.
20% and 80%
95
11. ΔP represents _____________________.
the pressure drop across the valve (in psi)
96
Using the Dia-Flo Diaphragm Valve -Straightway Valve Flow Coefficient Table in the Supplemental Reading, answer the following questions.
12. Provide the Cv values for the following valve sizes and % Open
a. 4-inch valve, 50% Open –
b. 10-inch valve, 100% Open –
c. 2-inch valve, 80% Open –
d. 6-inch valve, 20% Open –
400
5000
235
450
97
Using the Dia-Flo Diaphragm Valve -Straightway Valve Flow Coefficient Table in the Supplemental Reading, answer the following questions.
13. Find the rate of flow of water (gallons per minute) through a 4” Flanged End Unlined valve, 80% open, with a pressure drop of 1 psig.
625 gpm
98
Using the Dia-Flo Diaphragm Valve -Straightway Valve Flow Coefficient Table in the Supplemental Reading, answer the following questions.
14. Find the rate of flow of water (gallons per minute) through a 8” Flanged End Unlined valve, 60% open, with a pressure drop of 1 psig.
2050 gpm
99
Using the Dia-Flo Diaphragm Valve -Straightway Valve Flow Coefficient Table in the Supplemental Reading, answer the following questions.
15. Find the valve size and valve position of an unlined valve, with flow at 100 gpm and a pressure drop of 2 psi for Ethylene Glycol (specific gravity = 1.125).
100 * (√(1.125/5)) = (100) * (.47) = 47.43 gpm. 1 1/2 inch valve at roughly 34% open
100
Using the Dia-Flo Diaphragm Valve -Straightway Valve Flow Coefficient Table in the Supplemental Reading, answer the following questions.
16. Find the valve size and valve position of an unlined valve, with flow at 800 gpm and a pressure drop of 3 psi for Ethylene Glycol (specific gravity = 1.125).
800 * (√(1.125/3)) = (800) * (.61) = 488 gpm 4” valve at roughly 61% open
101
1. A general rule of thumb is that valves __ inch and smaller can use threaded connections while larger sized valves use flanged connections.
2
102
2. T/F Most applications of valves have end connections with identical ends.
True
103
3. Name two valve applications where different end connections on the valve may be used.
Drain and vent valves
104
4. A threaded valve end connection typically uses a __________.
female NPT connection
105
5. T/F NPT threads are interchangeable with NPS (National Pipe Straight) Threads.
False
106
6. NPT threads have a thread angle of ____ ⁰.
60
107
7. Name the three types of pipe unions.
Threaded, compression and flare unions
108
8. A pipe ______is a short piece of pipe used to connect two pipes through a threaded connection.
coupling
109
9. A flange ____ is added between the pipe flange and the valve flange to fasten them together with stud bolts to complete the connection.
gasket
110
10. What is the largest advantage of using a flanged valve?
The valve can easily be removed from the pipe
111
11. Name the two criteria that flange dimensions are determined by.
Pipe size and pressure class
112
12. The measurement of the theoretical circle on which the center points of the bolt holes lie is known as the ______________.
Bolt circle diameter
113
13. The measurement of the opening in the center of the flange is known as the __________.
Flange inner diameter or bore
114
14. The measurement of the diameter of the opening where the bolts go is known as _______. diameter
Bolt hole diameter
115
15. For steel flanges manufactured to ANSI/ASME B16.5 standard in Classes 150 and 300 have a raised face height of _____ inch.
1/16
116
16. For steel flanges manufactured to ANSI/ASME B16.5 standard exceeding Classes 300 have a raised face height of _____ inch.
1/4
117
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 1.
Flange outer diameter
118
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 2.
Bolt circle diameter
119
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 3.
Raised face diameter
120
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 4.
Bore
121
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 5.
Flange thickness
122
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 6.
Bolt Hole Diameter
123
17. For the flange illustration below, label the specific flange dimensions 7.
Raised face height
124
18. This flange face allows full contact between the two mating flanges and the flange gasket.
Flat Face (FF)
125
19. This flange face has a circular area that provides a separation of the flanges with the outside diameter of the gasket being smaller than the bolt circle.
Raised Face (RF)
126
20. This flange face is typically used for high pressure (ANSI 900 and above) applications.
Ring Type Joint (RTJ)
127
21. Identify the face type for the following flanges:
Raised Face
128
21. Identify the face type for the following flanges:
Flat Face
129
21. Identify the face type for the following flanges:
Ring Type Joint
130
22. A ____ gasket is used with a flat face flange.
Full face
131
23. T/F Non-metallic gaskets are used with serrated finished flanges.
True
132
24. As the temperature of a flange increases, the maximum pressure rating ______.
decrease
133
25. T/F A flange gasket is a soft sealing material closed between two flanges to make a leak free sealing application.
True
134
26. Name the three major forces acting on the flange gasket.
Bolt load, the hydrostatic end force and Internal pressure
135
27. Name the three common types of gaskets.
Non-metallic Gaskets, Semi-metallic or Composite Gaskets and Metallic Gaskets
136
28. Typically, non-metallic (composite) gaskets are used in ____ pressure applications.
low
137
29. Name the three typical thicknesses for non-metallic gaskets in North America.
1/32”, 1/16” and 1/8”
138
30. What function does the non-metallic portion of a semi-metallic gasket provide?
Conformability and sealability
139
31. ____ gaskets are used on raised face flanges.
semi-metallic
140
32. T/F All spiral wound gaskets are furnished with a centering ring.
True
141
33. Name the parts of a spiral-wound gasket. a.
Winding
142
33. Name the parts of a spiral-wound gasket. b.
Inner Ring
143
33. Name the parts of a spiral-wound gasket. c.
Outer Ring
144
34. Name two common types of spiral wound gaskets.
Basic Spiral Wound Gaskets and Inner Ring Spiral Wound Gaskets
145
35. Metallic gaskets are typically used in ____ pressure and temperature applications.
high
146
36. What is the applicable pressure range for ring-joint gaskets?
1,000 psi to 15,000 psi
147
37. T/F Welded valves are difficult to disassemble and reinstall so they are typically used in harsh conditions or where they can operate reliably for a long period of time.
True
148
38. T/F Butt weld valve end connections are manufactured with a bevel to match the thickness and bevel on the pipe.
True
149
39. A socket weld valve has an end connection with an inner diameter that is slightly ____ than the pipe’s outer diameter.
greater
150
1. An extension that is added to a short face-to-face valve
Adapter Spool
151
2. Mechanical wearing away of a metal surface.
Erosion
152
3. . Tearing of metal when two elements rub against each other
Galling
153
4. Mechanism on valve operators to prevent unauthorized operation
Locking device
154
5. Fitting at bottom of valve that allows draining
Drain plug
155
6. Pressure containing part of a valve
Body
156
7. Provided on valves for lifting & positioning
Lifting Lugs
157
8. Valve that when activated initiates a blowdown releasing pressure
Blowdown valve
158
9. Device that reflects the open & closed position of valve
Position Indicator
159
10. Capable of passing certain specified leakage after fire exposure
Fire Safe
160
11. Additional amount of wall thickness to account for corrosion
Corrosion Allowance
161
12. Stem that moves up as the valve is opened.
Rising Stem
162
13. A fitting through lubricant or sealant is injected is known as _____.
Grease fitting
163
14. Process where a pipeline under pressure is cut into to provide a side outlet is known as ____.
Hot Tapping
164
15. A short length of small size pipe that is threaded on both ends is known as a(n) ____.
Nipple
165
16. A flow or pressure oscillation that is repeated in fixed time intervals.
Pulsation
166
17. A procedure used in the repair of a pipeline to isolate a section of line in the absence of a shut off valve
Stopple or stop off
167
18. Paper provided by the steel mill that indicates the chemical analysis and physical properties of a specific batch of steel.
Product Analysis
168
19. The restriction of flow by partially opening or closing a valve is known as _______.
Throttling
169
20. Sudden rise in pressure to an excessive or abnormal value. Often caused by the sudden closure of a block valve
Surge
170
21. The turning effort required to operate a valve, and is usually expressed in lb/ft.
Torque
171
22. A length of pipe that is welded to a valve hub that serves as a transition piece from the customer’s piping to the valve to compensate for differences in material or size.
Transition Piece
172
23. The number of complete revolutions of a handwheel or the pinion shaft of a gear operated required to stroke a valve from fully open to fully closed or vice versa.
Turns to Operate
173
24. Inspection tests that are not destructive to the valve. Examples of liquid penetrant, radiographic inspection, ultrasonic inspection.
Non-Destructive Tests
174
25. The sealing ability of a valve and is performed by air pressure testing of a valve in the closed position.
Bubble-Tight Shutoff
175
26. The capability of obtaining a seal across the upstream and downstream seat rings of a valve when the body pressure is bled off to the atmosphere.
Double Block and Bleed
176
27. A valve that is installed which is buried below ground level
Buried Service
177
28. Produced by pressure waves generated within piping by a rapid change of velocity in a liquid system often accompanied by loud banging.
Water Hammer
178
29. This type of globe valve has end connections that are at right angles to each line
Angle Valve
179
30. The part of a valve that the closure element affects a tight shutoff.
Seat
180
31. The shaft that transmits motion from an operator to the closure element of the valve.
Stem
181
32. A test in which a valve is filled with water and pressure tested.
Hydrostatic Test or Shell Test
182
33. Define FOB.
Free Onboard Transportation are absorbed by vendor to the FOB Point. Usually a shipment is FOB Factory, in
which case, title, and transportation charges pass to the customer when it leaves the factory.
183
34. The equipment applied to buried valves to provide above grade accessibility to operating gear, blowdown, and seat sealant systems.
Extension Stem
184
35. The process or procedure by which the internal structure of steel is altered by heating to produce desired physical characteristics.
Heat-Treatment
185
36. Define Pressure-Temperature Ratings.
The maximum allowable working pressures at specified temperatures. For steel valves, the ratings are defined by “classes” and found in ASME B16.34. For iron and bronze valves, the ratings are defined in the applicable MSS specifications
186
37. Define Bending Moment.
The mechanical bending load produced by a force applied to a part at a right angle to its surface or axis. The product of the force times the perpendicular distance to the point of restraint. Usually expressed in pound-feet
187
38. The seal produced by metal-to-metal contact between the sealing face of the seat ring and the closure elements, without benefit of a synthetic seal.
Metal-to-Metal Seal
188
39. Name three things that cause pressure drop in a pipeline.
Fluid friction, restrictions and change-of direction fittings.
189
40. A valve designed only for on/off service.
Shut-off Valve
Pipe 160
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