Test 1 Flashcards by lae es

eponym

term used for anything that is derived from the name of a person
ex) Alzheimer’s, Proteus

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Loan word

Latin or Greek word that has been adopted into english without spelling changes
ex) apex, genesis, cancer

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Derivative

Like a loan word (taken from another language) but the spelling is changed
ex) arteria -> artery

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compound word

terms created by joining word elements together

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word elements

prefixes, roots, suffixes

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inflection

changing the grammatical function of a word by adding different endings
ex) digitus, digiti, digitorum

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root

fundamental part of a greek or latin word that shows its basic meaning
- separable from the inflectional endings
- derived by moving the last vowel and consonant

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combining vowel

used to join a root to another root or a root to a suffix
- commonly “o” and “i”
ex) HYDR- (root) + O (combining vowel) + PHOB- (root) + IA (suffix) = hydrophobia

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combining from

root with a combining vowel
(the meaning of the root is unchanged by adding a combining vowel)
ex) cerebell/i

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elision

the omission of a letter from a word element in order to make the word easier to pronounce
ex) endO + A rteri + al = endarterial

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assimilation

change of the last letter of roots in response to the first letter of the root they are attached to
ex) diS+Fusate= disFFusate
syN+Pathy= syMPathy

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etymology

the study of the history of a word

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semantics

the study of the meanings of words

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singular ending
-a

plural ending
-ae
ex) vertebra, vertebrae

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singular ending
-ax (-ex, -ix)

plural ending
-aces, (-ices)
ex) thorax (apex, forinx), thoraces (apices, forinces)

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singular ending
-en

plural ending
-ina
ex) foramen, foramina

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singular ending
-is

plural ending
-es
ex) diagnosis, diagnoses

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singular ending
-itis

plural ending
-itides
ex) arthritis, arthritides

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singular ending
-ons (-ens, -ans)

plural ending
-ontes (-entes, -antes)
ex) pons (dens, albicans), pontes (dentes, albicantes)

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singular ending
-oma

plural ending
-omata
ex) neuroma, neuromata

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singular ending
-on

plural ending
-a
ex) phenomenon, phenomena

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singular ending
-um

plural ending
-a
ex) brachium, brachia

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singular ending
-us

plural ending
-i
ex) fungus, fungi

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A-
An-

not, without

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Amphi- Ampho-

around about, both, both sides, in two ways

Ana- Ano-

upward, back, against, again

Anti-

against, opposed to

Apo-

away/apart from, derived from

Di-

twice, double, two

Dia‐

through, across

Dicho‐

in two, twofold

Dys-

difficult, painful, faulty

Ec-, ek-, ex-

out of, outside

Ecto-

on the outside

En-, em-

in, within

Endo-, ento-

within

Epi-, eph-

upon, on

Eso-

inward, within

Eu-

well, normal, good

Exo-

outside of, outward

Hemi-

half, partly

Hyper-

above, beyond, excessive

Hypo-

under, below, deficient

Kata-, cata-, vat-

down, downward, against, complete, (intensive)

Meta-, met-

after, beyond, change

Opistho-

behind, backward

Pali-, palin-

again, once more, backward

Para-

alongside, beyond, opposite; abnormal

Peri-

around

Pro-

before, in front of, forward

Pros-

toward, in addition, near

Proso-

forward, before

Syn-, sym-

together, with

A-, ab-

away/apart from

Ad-, af-

toward, to, near

Ambi-

around, on both sides, both, twofold

Ante-

before

Bi-, bin-

twice, two, double, twofold

Circum-

around

Con-, col-, com-, co-, cor-

with, together, complete

Contra-

against, opposite

De-

down from, from, not

Demi-

half, part

Dis-, dif-

apart from, separate

Ec-, ex-, ek-

out of, off

Extra-, extro-

outside, beyond

In-, im, il, ir

into, in, against, not

Infra-

below, lower

Inter-

between

Intra-

within, during

Intro-

within, inward

Intus-

within

Juxta-

beside, near to

Non-

not, without

Ob-, oc-, op-

against, in the way, facing

Per-

through, throughout, (intensive)

Post-

after-, behind-

Prae-, pre-

before, in front of

Pro-

before, in front of, forth

Re-

again, back, (intensive)

Retro-

backward, behind

Se-

aside, apart from

Semi-

half

Super-

over, above, excessive

Sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-

under, below, less than normal

Supra-

above, upon

Trans-

across, through

Ultra-

beyond, excessive

-ac, -ic, -tic

pertaining to

-ize

to do; to become; to use; to engage in

-a, -esis, -ia, -iasis, -ism, -osis, -sia

state or condition

-iac

one who is afflicted with

-id, -oid, -ode

like, resembling, in the form of

-ides, -idae, -ida

descended from

-in, -ine

substance, typically a chemical or hormone

-ist

person interested in; a practitioner who specializes in

-ite

belonging to, the nature of

-itis

inflammation

-ium

tissue or part of the body

-oma

tumor

-y

state or condition of, the act of

-aceous, -aneous, -eous

made of, having the quality of, full of

-al, -ar, -eal, -ile

pertaining to

-ans/-ant, -ens/-ent, -iens/-ient *sc + ant, ient, ent

translated -ing added to the verb *becoming added to the verb + ing

-ble, -ile

ability to

-id

in a state or conditon of

-lent, -ose

full of

-ary, -ory

pertaining to; (also forms an noun) place of

-ad

indicates direction toward a part of the body

-ate

to make, to cause, to act upon; (also forms an adjective) having the form of, possessing

-tia, -ce, -ity, -tude

state or condition of

-cle, -il, -ole, -ule, -uncle

diminutive (little)

-ian

thing or person performing an action; practitioner of

-ion, -ment, -ure

action; condition resulting from an action

-or

something (usually a muscle) that performs and action; quality of condition

corpor/o

body

part/o

part

cavit/o

cavity

organ/o

organ

encephal/o -encephalon

brain

cord/o

heart

pulm/o pulmon/o

lung

helap/o hepar/o

liver

gastr/o -gaster

stomach, belly

intenstin/o

intestine

vesic/o

bladder, sac, vesicle

ren/o

kidney

cut/o cutane/o

skin

glandul/o

glandule, gland

arteri/o

artery

ven/o

vein

vas/o vascul/o

vessel (carrying fluids)

oss/o

bone

muscul/o

muscle; mouse

nerv/o

nerve

capit/o cipit/o -ciput -ceps

head

crani/o

cranium, skull

faci/o

face, surface

ocul/o

eye

*aur/o

ear

nas/o

nose

or/o

mouth

bucc/o

cheek

*ment/o

chin

occipit/o

back of cranium, occiput

sincipit/o

front of cranium, sinciput

vertic/o

crown of the cranium, summit

front/o

forehead, front

coll/o

neck

cervic/o -cervix

neck

trunc/o

trunk, cut off

thorac/o -thorax

thorax

pector/o

chest

dors/o

back

abdomin/o

abdomen

inguin/o

groin

pelv/o

pelvis

cingul/o

girdle

membr/o

limb

axill/o

armpit, axillia

brachi/o

upper arm, brachium, arm-like process

cubit/o

elbow

antebrachi/o

forearm

man/o

hand

*carp/o

wrist

metacarp/o

metacarpus

palm/o

palm of the hand

vol/o

palm of the hand

digit/o

finger, toe

pollic/o

thumb

*nat/o

buttocks, nates

clun/o

buttocks, clunes

cox/o

hip

femor/o

thigh, femur bone

*gen/o

knee

poplit/o

hollow of the knee, poples

crur/o

leg, leg-like part

sur/o

calf

*ped/o

foot

tars/o

ankle, flat of the foot, edge of the eyelid

*calc/o

heel

metatars/o

metatarsus

hallic/o halluc/o

big toe

plant/o

sole (of foot), sprout or cutting, plant

somat/o som/o -some

body

*mer/o -mer -mere

part, partial

coel/o *cel/o celi/o -coele *-cele

cavity, abdomen

cardi/o

heart

pneum/o pneumon/o

lung

enter/o

intestine (usually the small intestine)

nephr/o

kidney

cyst/o

bladder, sac, cyst

aden/o

gland

derm/o dermat/o -derm

skin

my/o myos/o mys/o

muscle, mouse

oste/o

bone

neur/o

nerve

phleb/o

vein

angi/o

vessel

cephal/o

head

metop/o

forehead

prosop/o

face

rhin/o -rhine

nose

ophthalm/o -opthalmus

eye

ot/o

ear

stomat/o stom/o

mouth, outlet, opening

*mel/o

cheek

geni/o

chin

trachel/o

neck, cervix

*mel/o

limb

maschal/o

armpit

olecran/o

elbow

ancon/o

elbow

cheir/o chir/o

hand

dactyl/o -dactyl

finger or toe

lapar/o

abdomen

pyg/o

buttocks

glut/o

buttock

ischi/o

hip, ischium bone

*mer/o

thigh

gony/o gonat/o

knee

knem/o cnem/o

lower leg

ptern/o

heel

pod/o -pus -pod

foot, foot-like structure, stalk

sinistr/o

left

*lev/o

left

dextr/o

right

later/o

side

medi/o

middle

exter/o external/o extrem/o

outside, outermost

intern/o

within, inside

dors/o

back

ventr/o

belly, abdomen, cavity

rostr/o

snout, beak

caud/o

tail, tail-like

proxim/o

nearest (to a given part or center of body)

dist/o

farthest (from a given part of the center of the body)

coron/o

on the coronal suture of the skull, crown, circular, coronary arteries

sagitt/o

on or parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull, arrow

anter/o

front, anterior

poster/o

behind, posterior

super/o

above, superior

infer/o

below, inferior

Test 1 Flashcards

(243 cards)