CRJ 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Norms

A

appropriate and expected behaviors in particular situations
informal - office attire
formal - legalities

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2
Q

Deviance

A

violation of norm
ideas of this change over time
context, time, place, people

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3
Q

Mala in se

A

wrong in itself / morally wrong
in any context, regardless of law
stable over time

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4
Q

Mala prohibitia

A

wrong b/c prohibited
human-made law
reflects public opinion
changes over time

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5
Q

Conflict perspective of crime

A

used as a tool of the ruling class to control underclass
politically defined concept

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6
Q

Consensus perspective of crime

A

all elements of society considered repugnant
values, beliefs, opinion of mainstream society

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7
Q

components of the crj system

A

protect and respond to help society
law enforcement
courts
corrections
victim services

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8
Q

Types of Sanctions

A

incarceration - jail time
probation - in community, w/supervision
parole - early release conditional on complying to standards
alt. sentence - treatment, community service

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9
Q

Wedding cake model

A

layer 1 - celebrated cases
layer 2 - serious felonies
layer 3 - lesser felonies
layer 4 - misdemeanors

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10
Q

main purposes of crime control model

A

efficient arrest and processing of alleged criminal offenders (like an assembly line)
resists procedurals protections

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11
Q

main purposes of due process model

A

emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice process

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12
Q

victim demographics

A

disproportionally affects people of color
drug laws
women and POC

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13
Q

moral panic

A

reaction by group of people based on exaggerated or false perceptions about crime and criminal behavior

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14
Q

NIBRS

A

improved UCR
categorizes by 52 registered offenses
victim, offender, arrestee data
location, time, weapon data
attempted/completed

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14
Q

UCR

A

collected by FBI
crimes reported by police and number of arrests

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15
Q

NCVS

A

survey by Bureau of Justice Stats
95,000 households and 240,000 individuals 12+ years old, info from NCVS
doesn’t include homicide, kidnapping, or victim-less crimes

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16
Q

Weak parts of UCR and NCVS

A

some victims think the crimes are trivial or unimportant
victims involved
victims don’t trust police

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17
Q

dark figure of crime

A

what is included in the NCVS
includes non-reporting issues

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18
Q

first degree murder

A

premeditated homicide

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19
Q

voluntary manslaughter

A

emotional disturbance homicide
w/o malice

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20
Q

involuntary manslaughter

A

reckless, criminally negligent homicide
w/o malice

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21
Q

serial murder

A

many people, multiple locations, long span of time

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22
Q

spree murder

A

multiple people, multiple locations, same span of time
(like a shopping spree)

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23
Q

mass murder

A

multiple people, one area, one time.

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24
battery
harmful of offensive physical attack by one person upon another person (actual physical contact)
25
robbery
carrying away property by force or threat of immediate use of force
26
burglary
modern offense = trespass, and intent to commit crime
27
white-collar crime
illegal, unethical, action by agent of an organization (embezzlement)
28
views of classical school of criminology on criminals
people freely choose to engage in crime people are rational no mitigating circumstances for one's criminal behavior severe enough to deter punishment
29
utilitarianism
rational legal system providing the most happiness to the most people
30
atavism
created by Cesare Lombroso - father of modern criminology failure in humans to fully develop into modern wo/men
31
effect of genetic factors on crime
biocriminology - roles played by genetic and neurophysiological variables in criminal behaviors identical twins adoption study
32
psychpathy
part of biological and mental disorders that cause violent behavior
33
postpartum psychosis
part of biological and mental disorders that cause violent behavior
34
3 factors personality consists of based on Freuds theory
ID - seeking pleasure, avoid pain Ego - cop w/ demands of reality Superego - moral aspect, conscience
35
Merton's strain theory
disconnection between cultural goals and institutionalized values and the way we attain them
36
Anomie
Emilie Durkheim feeling of "normalness" and lack of belonging
37
Travis Hirschi's social bond theory
crime occurs when forces that bind people to society are weakened/broken attachment commitment involvement belief
38
cultural deviance theory
"delinquent behavior" conformity to culture values and norms that are opposition to those in larger U.S. society
39
differential association theory
learns through interaction with others 1. conflicting definitions 2. defines favorable and unfavorable to delinquent behavior 3. excessive definitions favorable to law violation and learning of delinquent techniques 4. delinquent behaviors
40
civil law
inquisitorial judge is central and active codified laws non-binding judicial precedent judges establish facts of cade and apply applicable codes and provisions
41
common law
adversarial two-sided, impartial judge not codified laws judicial precedents judges make rulings, set precedent and moderate parties
42
double jeopardy
the 5th amendment protects you from being tried twice for the same crime. ONLY criminally, not civilly
43
function of model penal code
provide modern, consistent, rational framework for state criminal laws
44
precendent
a previous case or legal decision that may be or must be followed in subsequent similar cases:
45
criminal law versus civil law
injury to public / private injury or wrong prosecuted by govt / plaintiff sues defendant attorney provides / must provide own beyond reasonable doubt / preponderant of the evidence conviction results in civil disabilities or loss of liberty / none penalties include loss of liberty / typically monetary
46
felony
serious, incarcerated 1+ years
47
misdemeanor
less serious, incarceration - 1year
48
infraction
punishable by fines and penalties, no jail time
49
inchoate crime (incomplete crimes)
solicitation, conspiracy, attempt, renunciation of criminal intent,
50
strict liability offense
some actions considered criminal without necessity of mens rea (intent)
51
elements of crime
Corpus delicti - incomplete crimes or inchoate offenses
52
perfect defense
criminal person is excused from all criminal liability and punishment
53
imperfect defense
persons liability of punishment is reduced
54
mistake of fact
mistaken about a fact, not the law
55
voluntary intoxication
cannot typically be used as defense
56
involuntary intoxication
can be used cannot form mens rea (intent) for a particular crime
57
what type of defense is duress
justification defense forced/coerced to commit crime principle for murder: one persons life is no more valuable than anothers
58
what type of defense is necessity
justification s/he had to commit crime to avoid more serious consequences
59
what type of defense is entrapment
justification law enforcement officers trap person to commit crime
60
what type of defense is self defense
justification protect themselves or their property has to be: - against a perceived threat - proportionate - defense must be imminent/immediate
61
what type of defense is insanity
justification admits but claims not to be culpable due to mental illness - not guilty by insanity (NGBI) - guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) McNaughton Rule - determines criminal insanity
62
other defenses
alibi infancy - under 7 - no liability - 7-14 - incapable of forming mens rea - 14+ - juvenile/adult consent
63
solicitation
incomplete crime or inchoate offense persuading or inducing someone else to commit a crime
64
conspiracy
incomplete crime or inchoate offense agreement with others to commit criminal act
65
attempt
incomplete crime or inchoate offense crimes have been begun but are not completeted
66
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