test 1.

Question 1

Physical Activity

Answer 1

any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure above a basal rate and enhances health.

Question 2

exercise.

Answer 2

physical activity that is planned, structured, and purposive, in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is an objective

Question 3

excessive exercise causes?

Answer 3

vigorous physical activity can precipitate musculoskeletal complications, cardiovascular events or other adverse responses in certain individuals

Question 4

Low Physical Activity

Answer 4

<150 minutes per week

Question 5

Medium Physical Activity

Answer 5

150-300 minutes per week

Question 6

High Physical Activity

Answer 6

> 300 minutes per week

Question 7

Health Related Physical Fitness

Answer 7

• Cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Body Composition
• Musculoskeletal Fitness

Question 8

Skill Related Physical Fitness

Answer 8

• Agility
• Balance
• Coordination
• Speed
• Power
• Reaction Time

Question 9

Agility

Answer 9

the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy

Question 10

Balance

Answer 10

the maintenance of balance while stationary or moving

Question 11

coordination

Answer 11

the ability to the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately

Question 12

Power

Answer 12

the rate at which one can perform difficult work

Question 13

Reaction time

Answer 13

the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it.

Question 14

Speed

Answer 14

the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time

Question 15

1 MET

Answer 15

3.5ml O2 x kg-1 x min-1

Question 16

Moderate Intensity

Answer 16

3 to 6 METs or 5 to 6 10-point rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale

Question 17

Vigorous Intensity

Answer 17

> 6 METs or 7 to 8 10-point RPE scale

Question 18

Health Benefits of Physical Activity

Answer 18

1. lowers risks of premature death and chronic cond.
2. reduces depression, anxiety, abdominal obesity
3. helps control weight
4. improves sleep quality
5. improves cognitive function
6. maintains and improves bone density
7. prevents falls
8. increases functional health

Question 19

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 19

Myocardial Ischemia

• more prevalent for African Americans and Latino Americans than Whites
• a resulting imbalance between coronary oxygen supply and demand
• attributable to physical inactivity and sedentarism
• favorably countered by high cardiorespiratory fitness level than by a physically active lifestyle
• imbalance between O2 supply and demand

Question 20

CHD Risk Factors

Answer 20

• Age
• Family History
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Hypertension
• Current cigarette smoking
• Prediabetes
• Obesity
• Physical Inactivity

Question 21

Hypertension

Answer 21

High Blood Pressure

• Major contributor to stroke and heart attack
• SBP > 140 mmHg
• DBP > 90 mmHg
• on medication for blood pressure

Question 22

PreHypertension

Answer 22

SBP between 120 and 139 mmHg

DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg

Question 23

Type I (juvenile onset)

Answer 23

• Insulin dependent
• not associated with obesity
• body doesn’t produce insulin
• pancreas fails to produce insulin
• under age of 30
• not as common as type 2
• exercise prescriptions should follow specific guidelines

Question 24

Type II (adult onset)

Answer 24

• non-insulin dependent (NIDDM)
• lack of sensitivity
• often caused by obesity
• poor lifestyle
• often caused by obesity
• poor lifestyle
• encourage them to exercise
• improves glucose metabolism
• risk factors: age, family history, diet, above normal body weight and body fat
• healthy lifestyle choices decrease risk

Question 25

BMI

Answer 25

Body Mass Index (kg/m2) OVERWEIGHT: 25-29.9 k/m2 OBESE: BMI > 30 kg/m2

Question 26

Obesity shortens life expectancy and increases risk for the following

Answer 26

- CHD - IRD (type 2) - Hypercholesterolemia - Hypertension - Osteoarthritis - Some cancers

Question 27

Causes of Obesity and Overweight

Answer 27

- genetic source - environment (majority of evidence) restricting caloric intake and increasing caloric expenditure are good ways to - control weight - decrease body fatness - normalize blood lipids and blood pressure

Question 28

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 28

At least three of the following characteristics have metabolic syndrome - BP above 130/85mmHg (hypertension, almost) - FG level > 100 mg/dL (pre diabetes) - serum TAG > 150 mg/dL (triglyceride level) - HDL level ( 40"-men; 35" -women) - cluster of specific CVD risk factors - increase risk of CHD and IRD - prevalence highest for older (>60 yr) and obese people

Question 29

Wolff's Law

Answer 29

your bones adapt to the stress imposed upon them

Question 30

Sign

Answer 30

something the clinician sees

Question 31

Symptom

Answer 31

something the client has or what they feel

Question 32

LDL-cholestrol

Answer 32

<100mg-dl-1

Question 33

HDL-cholestrol

Answer 33

>40mg-dl-1

Question 34

Blood glucose

Answer 34

60-100 mg-dl-1

Question 35

Test Validity

Answer 35

- asses accuracy of measurement - comparison against reference or criterion method - direct (reference) versus indirect (field) measures - validity coefficent is the correlation between criterion/reference score and predictor score - validity coefficent at least .80 is good.

Question 36

Test Reliability

Answer 36

- asses repeatability of measurement - -looking for consistency and stability of scores - comparison of multiple measures - reliability affects validity - --poor reliability is poor validity - --good reliability is not always good validity

Question 37

Behavior Modification Theory

Answer 37

Clients are actively involved in the process - goal setting - strategies to attain goal(s) - contract - reassess, review, revise - helpful techniques: journaling, incentitves, celebrating the successes`

Question 38

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 38

Based on clients self-efficacy and outcome expectation - How confident am I that I can do this - >70% condifence score equals high efficacy - help your client recognize and overcome barriers - helpful techniques: skill mastery, modeling, positive reinforcement, education

Question 39

Readiness to Change Theory

Answer 39

change comes when client is intellectually and emotionally ready to change five stages 1. precontempation: not even thinking about it 2. contemplation: thinking about it, intends to do it 3. preparation: starting to do something,exercising 4. action: been exercising <6 months 5. maintenance: been exercising 6+ months

Question 40

Decision-Making Theory

Answer 40

if benefits > costs, then client is likely to exercise position in stages of motivational change influences perceptions of benefits and costs - early stages: perceived costs outweigh benefits - later stages: perceived benefits outweigh costs - 16-item self-report tool available.