Test 1

Question 1

What is a DNA nucleotide

Answer 1

-basic building block
- three components
1) deoxyribose
2) phosophate
3) nitrogen base
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

Question 2

DNA bases

Answer 2

Purines- 2 ring
1) G
2) A
Pyridines- one ring
1) C
2) T

Question 3

What kind of bonds are between DNA

Answer 3

Weak hydrogen bonds between the base, strong between sugars and phosophates

Question 4

What bases match with which

Answer 4

t=a

c=g

Question 5

Why are there weak bonds

Answer 5

So DNA can be copied

Question 6

DNA replication

Answer 6

1) DNA unwinds
2) breaks in half (helicase)
3) new nucleotides replace old (polymerase)
4) exact copy of DNA

Question 7

DNA v RNA

Answer 7

DNA-

1) contains deoxyribose
2) double stranded
3) AGCT
4) stays in nucleus

RNA-

1) ribose
2) single stranded
3) RGCU
4) can leave nucleus

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

Carries the code for protein synthesis from the DNA to ribosomes

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

Transfers amino acid to the ribosome

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

makes up the ribosome, synthesized in nucleus

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

• one side of DNA used for RNA

- gets message from DNA to ribosome, but DNA stays in nucleus

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

• mRNA strand is read by a ribosome and as a tRNA carries an amino acid
• mRNA codon and the tRNA anti-codon bond together long enough to drop off an amino acid to make a protein chain
• amino acids are added together, a protein is synthesized

Question 13

What does DNA do

Answer 13

• stores
• transmits
• copy

Question 14

Transcription+Translation= Protein synthesis

Answer 14

• 3 bases code for one animo acid
• amino acids join together (peptide bond) to form a protein
• proteins are one of the macromolrcules found in living organisms

Question 15

Examples of proteins

Answer 15

• insulin
• hemogloubin
• cartilage
• hair
• skin

Question 16

What are proteins made of

Answer 16

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Question 17

What are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 17

Amino acid

Question 18

What is a protein

Answer 18

A polymer

Question 19

Dipeptides

Answer 19

2 amino acids bonded together

Question 20

Peptide

Answer 20

Bond between amino acids

Question 21

What are the r groups

Answer 21

They make the proteins different

Question 22

What are the four levels of a protein structure

Answer 22

Primary- linear sequence of amino acids
Secondary- polypetides form
Tertiary- r-groups interact with one another (causes folding)
Quaternary- more than one polypeptide chain making a protein