1
Q
Victorian Britain traits
A
class lines
no universal suffrage
submerged tenth
2
Q
2 major influences on Victorian Britain
A
Industrial Revolution
Wesleyan Revival
3
Q
Industrial Revolution
A
from a mostly agrarian and rural society into an industrialized, urban one
4
Q
Wesleyan Revival
A
- John Wesley
- preach spiritual revival and holiness
- converts from working class
- major factor in preventing an uprising among the working and poorer classes in Britain like the violent French Revolution.
5
Q
Urbanization of Industrial Revolution
A
- Machinery killed cottage industry, farm laborers no longer needed and moved into towns with factories.
- class system strengthened-the middle class merchants and factory owners had the wealth and political power
6
Q
Urbanization effects on towns
A
- influx of poor into cities
- Small towns which had factories became crowded cities with all the problems of large cities
- Appalling living conditions
- Garbage and sewage ran down middle of streets
- Disease was caused by poor diet and sanitation
7
Q
Urbanization effects on work
A
- Workers paid very little
- worked in unhealthy and dangerous conditions
- children (as young as 4) went to work, many dying falling into machines
8
Q
England’s national church
A
- Anglican Church
- Queen and her archbishops were head
- unsympathetic to the needs of the poor, the spiritual condition was not even considered
- Poor unwelcome in church, rich believed you were born into a class and could never go up
9
Q
Humanitarian Movement
A
- Many wealthy and influential evangelicals used their political and social authority
- From this came the Reform Bills (child labor laws, poor working condition laws, universal manhood suffrage, brought end of slavery)
10
Q
Revival Positive influences
A
- beginning of non-denominational home missionary groups
- Mrs. Booth was drawn to one helping girls caught in prostitution
- One such group invited William Booth to speak in open air meetings on East End of London.
11
Q
William Booth - birth
A
- Born April 10, 1829
- Nottingham, England
12
Q
William Booth’s Father
A
- Samuel Booth
- “illiterate speculative builder”
- built most of the slums in Nottingham
- was ruined financially by the time William was 12
13
Q
William’s Mother
A
- Mary Moss Booth
- gave William the only religious training he had in his childhood
14
Q
William begins work
A
- William leaves school and apprenticed to a pawnbroker at age 13.
- Samuel Booth dies, leaving family in poverty
- Mary Moss Booth opens a small notions shop.
- William continues in the pawnbroker’s shop to help support his mother and 3 sisters.
15
Q
William’s 3 great aims for life
A
- determination to get on in the world;
- ambition to work for the alleviation of the miseries of the poor;
- a longing to get right with God.
16
Q
Holy Spirit convicts young William
A
- Broad Street Wesley Church
- 15 Years old
- Holy Spirit spoke to his heart, and after much struggle, knelt, confessed sin, and accepted Jesus as Savior.
- “God shall have all there is of William Booth.”
17
Q
James Caughey
A
- led a ‘remarkable religious awakening’ at Nottingham’s Wesleyan Chapel
- emphasis was on ‘knee work (‘Knee drill’)
- used other “American methods”
- advertising meetings in rented halls,
- preaching and praying for specific results,
- bringing sinners to open confession of sin at a penitent form
- training converts to win others.
18
Q
Evangelists who influenced William Booth
A
- James Caughey
- Charels G. Finney
- Phoebe Palmer
19
Q
Wesley Chapel
A
- William began street meetings, brought a group of ragged slum boys into the Wesley Chapel through the main door, told to go in side door
- at 17 became Methodist lay preacher traveling from one small church to
20
Q
Going to London (beginning full time ministry)
A
- couldn’t find work
- moved to London in 1848
- No Methodist church openings
- sought employment as pawnbroker to make ends meet
- accepted a post as lay preacher on a circuit. He also led street meetings
21
Q
Edward Rabbits
A
- member of the reform movement
- owner of a chain of shoe shops
- heard Booth preach
- on William’s 23rd birthday (10 April, 1852), in the home of Rabbits, 2 important events happen
1. Rabbits offered to pay his salary (1 pound sterling = $3.00 per week) for 3 months
2. Met Catherine Mumford
22
Q
After 3 month Rabbits deal
A
- William sold furniture to support himself
- gave last of funds to poor needy woman
- invited to join Methodist Reformer’s circuit, (18 months there)
23
Q
Methodist New Connection
A
- Joined in 1854
- he received his first theological training under Dr. Cooke.
- 1855 he was appointed an evangelist and allowed to marry Catherine Mumford
- began the use of the penitent-form
- firmly believed in the necessity of a public declaration of faith
- adopted the plan of registration of seekers
24
Q
Catherine Mumford birth and early life
A
- born January 17, 1829
- in Ashborne, Derbyshire
- Learned to read at 3
- Mother taught her the Bible which she was able to read by 5.
- Strong Christian upbringing
- Read whole Bible through 8 times by age 12.
25
Catherine's Father
- occasional lay preacher and carriage maker
- sadly backslid and became an alcoholic
- Catherine saw him come back to the Lord in later years
- Experiences led her to believe in abstinence from alcohol.
26
Catherine - teenage illnesses
- 14, an illness left her with curvature of the spine and left her semi-invalid
- Later in her teens she had tuberculosis, a nearly incurable disease at that time
- Thus she had long hours to read and think….especially on spiritual matters
- Her main interests were church history and theology
27
Catherine Moving to london
- 1844, late teen
- Joined Wesley Chapel and in 1846 had a conversion experience
- Joined Methodist Reform Movement and had joined them when she had met William in 1852.
28
William and Catherine marriage and son
- June 16, 1855
| - 1st Son, Bramwell is born 1856
29
1858 Conference Methodist New Connexion
- William received his ordination and appointed to circuit at Gateshead
- Promised he could return to revival work w/in the year
- Promise never fulfilled and they were at Gateshead for 3 years.
- Chapel at Gateshead became known as "converting shop"
- Attendance soared from 120 to 2000
30
Important events at Gateshead
- Catherine began visitation in the poor districts, visiting people who were ill.
- Catherine wrote "Female ministry, women's right to preach the gospel." in defense of Phoebe Palmer
- Catherine asked to "have a word" in the middle of a service
- Both William and Catherine entered into an experience of sanctification, and decided at that point that holiness would be part of their teaching and preaching
31
Methodist new connexion 1861 conference
- suggested he stay on the circuit and do revival work on the side
- After a vote of approval, Catherine stood to her feet and said never.
- Left conference together, and 1862 conference accepted his resignation
32
2nd and 3rd children
1862 Herbert Henry, 1864 Marian Billups (intellectually handicapped)
33
intention of early ministry
no intention to “establish a new body … but to form a link between the unchurched masses and the churches.” \converts would not go to the churches because they felt unwelcome and socially uncomfortable
34
George Scott Railton was to later say was the “root of all the success of the Army.”
the working class would be most effectively influenced by their own class.
- putting new converts right to work for the Kingdom (use them or lose them),
- careful discipling including a concerted effort to lead converts into the experience of sanctification
35
Booth's official Bodyguard
Peter Monk
36
Turning point for SA
1867
- more stations opened
- goodwill built up from giving out 150 homemade Christmas puddings to poor
37
First headquarters buildings
- 1867 Eastern Star Saloon
| - The People's market
38
forerunner to warcry
- East London Evangelist
| - first published in 1868
39
Samuel Morley
one of the wealthy supporters of the Mission, provided William Booth with a trust for his family separate from Mission funds.
40
1875 Deed poll
It made the Christian Mission a legally recognized movement, safeguarded any properties owned by the Mission, and stated the seven cardinal doctrines of the Mission.
41
George Scott Railton,
- sought out Booths after read William Booth’s pamphlet “How to Reach the Masses with the Gospel.”
- took administrative duties with Bramwell
- acted as Secretary for the Mission
42
1878 Deed poll
- William Booth, General Superintendent, was placed in “full and sole command” of the Mission.
- He had power to appoint his successor.
- He had power to expend all monies but was charged to annually publish a financial report.
- He had authority to acquire or dispose of property and to set up or revoke trusts.
- The Deed Poll included an enlarged list of doctrines, from seven to the eleven we have today.
43
Name Change
- 1878
- Railton and Bramwell working on Annual report
- Bramwell - "volunteer? Here, I'm a regular or nothing"
44
Elijah Cadman
a converted chimneysweep, inviting people to join the “Hallelujah Army.” He signed the announcement, “Captain” Elijah Cadman.
45
Who designed the first flag
Catherine Booth
46
Flag colors
(red) -the blood of Christ by which we are redeemed
blue-speaks of purity
the yellow star (originally a sun shape) represents the light of the life in the Holy Spirit;
the motto – Blood and Fire – speaks of the Blood of the Lamb and the Fire of the Holy Spirit.
The flag is a symbol of both our message and our mission.
47
Elijah Cadman quote on uniform
“I would like to wear a suit that would let everyone know I meant war to the teeth and salvation for the world.”
-The uniform is the Salvationist’s “silent” witness to both his/her salvation, and commitment to the compassionate, caring, salvation mission of the Army.
48
Crest symbolism
The crest was first used in March, 1879.
- The sun – light and fire of the Holy Spirit;
- the cross – the Cross of Jesus Christ;
- the large “S” - salvation;
- the crossed swords – holy warfare against sin and evil and for God and souls;
- seven dots or gospel shots – representing the truths of the Gospel;
- the crown – the crown of glory which God will give to all who are faithful;
- Blood and Fire – the Army motto
49
“salvationism” as “the spirit of Christ in the Army
: 1) the joyous expression of our worship
| 2) internationalism
50
Fred Fry/Fry Family
Musicians who began tradition of brass band
51
Practical Theology
The social work of the Army came out of the example of Christ who was concerned for the ‘whole” person - body, mind and spirit.
52
non-sacramental practice
Catherine carefully stated the position that the sacraments, while helpful symbols, were not necessary to salvation; and therefore, to avoid dissension the Army stopped the practice. The Booths declared that the Christian’s whole life was to be a sacrament
53
social reasons for persecution
For social reasons the Army experienced opposition. Noisy, exuberant street marches and colorful uniforms and flags attracted all sorts including rough characters, looking for mischief, who took pleasure in breaking up open-air meetings and marches. They would also enter the Halls where the indoor meetings were held for the express purpose of causing trouble.
54
Economic reasons for persecution
The landlords of the Public Houses (taverns) who sold liquor, and the owners of the brewing companies that made the liquor were not happy with the Army’s strong stance against alcoholic drink. Nor were they happy that many of their customers were being converted at the Army meetings
55
skeleton army
Among these organized groups were the “skeleton armies’ which appeared with a flag with a skull and crossbones on it, and a type of uniform mimicked the Army as it interrupted their meetings.
56
Handling rapid growth
- Bramwell, assisted by Railton was given responsibility of developing administrative structure.
- Publication of Orders and regulations
- introduction of articles of war
- inspections of property and finance
SA History
flashcards
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