Test 1-5

Question 1

A 64-year-old male has exertional dyspnea. He tells you he has had swelling in his lower legs for the last week. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 88, R 22, BP 172/92, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
bronchitis.

B.
exercise-induced asthma.

C.
pneumonia.

D.
heart failure.

Answer 1

heart failure

Question 2

An unresponsive 8-year-old female was found outside on a cold night. She is apneic, pulseless, and her skin is cold. You begin chest compressions, attach the AED, and analyze her rhythm. The AED announces, “Shock advised.” You should:
Select one:

A.
disregard the AED and begin to rewarm her actively.

B.
shock her and resume compressions.

C.
shock her and reanalyze her rhythm.

D.
disregard the AED and begin transport.

Answer 2

shock her and resume compressions.

Question 3

A 68-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. He tells you that it gets worse when he walks up the stairs. You auscultate fine crackles in the bases of his lungs. His vital signs are P 92, R 18, BP 148/94, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

B.
administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

C.
assist his ventilation.

D.
assist with the administration of his nitroglycerin

Answer 3

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Question 4

An unresponsive 91-year-old male was found outside on a cold night. He was in cardiac arrest, so you began chest compressions. His extremities are cold, but his abdomen is warm. The AED indicates that shock is advised. You should:
Select one:

A.
withhold defibrillation and actively rewarm him.

B.
defibrillate him and resume chest compressions.

C.
defibrillate him and ventilate him.

D.
withhold defibrillation and move him into the ambulance.
Certainty

Answer 4

defibrillate him and resume chest compressions.

Question 5

An 80-year-old female complains of a sudden irregular heartbeat. She tells you she feels weak and nauseated. Her vital signs are P 128 and irregular, R 16, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
stroke.

B.
cardiac arrhythmia.

C.
cardiogenic shock.

D.
ventricular fibrillation.

Answer 5

cardiac arrhythmia.

Question 6

An unresponsive 88-year-old female is apneic and pulseless. You are performing chest compressions. Your partner attaches the AED and analyzes her rhythm. The AED announces, “No shock advised.” You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
your partner did wait until after two minutes of compressions before analyzing her rhythm.

B.
the patient was moving while the AED was analyzing the rhythm.

C.
pulseless electrical activity.

D.
ventricular fibrillation.

Answer 6

pulseless electrical activity.

Question 7

An unresponsive 71-year-old male is lying in his bed. His wife tells you that she last saw him normal last night when he went to bed. You should first:
Select one:

A.
move him to the floor.

B.
assess his breathing and pulse.

C.
assess his blood glucose level.

D.
perform a stroke assessment.

Answer 7

assess his breathing and pulse.

Question 8

A 7-year-old male passed out while playing soccer. He has a history of asthma. He is alert now and tells you he feels like his heart is beating out of his chest. He is dyspneic, and you auscultate clear lung sounds. His pulse is too fast to count, and the rest of his vital signs are R 32, BP 88/58, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
administer oxygen.

B.
assist with the administration of albuterol.

C.
assist with the administration of nitroglycerin.

D.
administer aspirin.

Answer 8

A

Question 9

A 94-year-old female complains of increased fatigue for the past day. Her skin is cool and clammy. Her vital signs are P 104, R 18, BP 92/66, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should first:
Select one:

A.
administer oxygen.

B.
place her in the Trendelenburg position.

C.
have her drink a sports drink.

D.
assess her blood glucose level.

Answer 9

administer Oxygen

Question 10

A 39-year-old male complains of severe fatigue. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He tells you he had myocarditis last year, and since then his heart rate has been slow. His skin is pale. His vital signs are P 54, R 16, BP 114/84, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
administer aspirin.

B.
administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

C.
administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

D.
transport him.

Answer 10

transport him.

Question 11

A 32-year-old female complains of pain in her chest. She tells you that it started 15 minutes ago while she was exercising, but it is gone now. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 92, R 16, BP 116/76, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
angina.

B.
pulmonary embolism.

C.
pulmonary edema.

D.
acute myocardial infarction.

Answer 11

Angina
Chest pain that is relieved by rest is defined as angina. An acute myocardial infarction is the result of reduced coronary circulation. It causes tissue death and is not likely to be relieved with rest. Pulmonary edema is unlikely in a 32-year-old female who has a normal pulse rate, blood pressure, and clear lung sounds. A pulmonary embolism is caused by an occlusion of a pulmonary artery/arteriole and may cause pain. Remember, distractors are designed to be plausible but incorrect. Sometimes terms that are used as distractors will not always be within your scope of practice, but the correct answer will.

Question 12

After ROSC, a patient has a SpO2 of 100%. Why should you titrate oxygen administration to an SpO2 between 94-99%?
Select one:

A.
To reduce intrathoracic pressure

B.
To increase respiratory rate

C.
To reduce production of free radicals

Answer 12

To reduce production of free radicals

Question 13

A 52-year-old male is not able to speak or follow your directions. His wife tells you he had no complaints when he went to bed. When he woke up 30 minutes ago, he complained of a severe stiff neck and headache. His eyes are open and deviated to the left. His vital signs are P 62, R 12 and irregular, BP 168/74, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
stroke.

B.
chronic meningitis.

C.
spinal cord tumor.

D.
Bell’s palsy.

Answer 13

stroke

Question 14

An unresponsive 54-year-old female is apneic and pulseless. Your partner begins chest compressions while you attach the AED and analyze the rhythm. The AED announces, “Shock advised.” You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
pulseless electrical activity.

B.
pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

C.
supraventricular tachycardia.

D.
asystole.

Answer 14

pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

Question 15

A 50-year-old male has a new onset of palpitations in his chest. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He has a history of smoking and hypertension. You auscultate coarse crackles scattered in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 116 and irregular, R 14, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

B.
administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

C.
transport him.

Answer 15

transport him.

Question 16

An 84-year-old male complains of pain in his chest that started while he was watching TV. He describes the pain as squeezing and rates it 5 of 10. He tells you he has a history of heart disease. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 102, R 16, BP 118/80, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
administer aspirin.

B.
administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

C.
assist with the administration of his nitroglycerin.

D.
administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Answer 16

The correct answer is: administer aspirin.

Question 17

A 27-year-old female complains of palpitations and dizziness. She denies any past medical history. Her vital signs are P 188, R 18, BP 88/ 62, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should first:
Select one:

A.
transport her.

B.
administer oxygen.

C.
administer aspirin.

D.
attach the AED.

Answer 17

The correct answer is: administer oxygen.

Question 18

An 86-year-old female is confused and is sitting leaning to the left in a chair. You hear snoring respirations. After you reposition her, the snoring stops, and you auscultate clear lung sounds. She tries to answer your questions, but her speech is garbled. Her vital signs are P 94, R 18, BP 138/82, and SpO2 is 91% on room air. Her blood glucose level is 74 mg/dL. You should:
Select one:

A.
suction her airway.

B.
administer oxygen.

C.
administer oral glucose.

D.
insert an oropharyngeal airway.

Answer 18

administer oxygen.

Question 19

An unresponsive 20-year-old male is taking occasional, gasping breaths. You are unable to palpate a carotid pulse. His skin is cyanotic, and his pupils are pinpoint. You should first:
Select one:

A.
administer naloxone.

B.
begin chest compressions.

C.
attach the AED and analyze his rhythm.

D.
ventilate him.

Answer 19

begin chest compressions.

Question 20

An unresponsive 48-year-old male is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing chest compressions while you attach the AED. After you press analyze, the AED announces. “Shock advised.” While the AED charges, you should ensure your partner:
Select one:

A.
ventilates the patient.

B.
resumes compressions.

C.
prepares to switch positions.

D.
clears the patient.

Answer 20

The correct answer is: resumes compressions.

Question 21

A 12-year-old male has difficulty breathing. He tells you he has had a cold all week. You auscultate rhonchi in his left lower chest. His vital signs are P 104, R 28, BP 104/74, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should suspect:
Select one:

A.
septic shock.

B.
respiratory distress.

C.
respiratory failure.

D.
chronic asthma.

Answer 21

respiratory distress.

Question 22

An unresponsive 76-year-old female is lying in bed, and you hear snoring respirations. What should you suspect is partially occluding her airway?
Select one:

A.
Food

B.
Laryngotracheobronchitis

C.
Her tongue

Answer 22

Her tongue

Question 23

A 19-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing. She tells you she has a history of cystic fibrosis. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You auscultate scattered rhonchi in all fields. Her vital signs are P 78, R 20, BP 118/72, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should:
Select one:

A.
suction her airway.

B.
assist her ventilation.

C.
assist with the administration of her bronchodilator inhaler.

D.
administer oxygen.

Answer 23

administer oxygen.

Question 24

Coworkers call 9-1-1 for a 22-year-old male who was having an asthma attack. The patient tells you that he took his albuterol inhaler prior to your arrival and feels better. You auscultate clear lung sounds. His vital signs are P 92, R 18, BP 130/82, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should administer:
Select one:

A.
oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

B.
oxygen by nasal cannula.

C.
albuterol by his inhaler.

D.
albuterol by nebulizer.

Answer 24

oxygen by nasal cannula.

Question 25

Why shouldn't you apply CPAP to a patient who is in respiratory arrest? Select one: A. CPAP doesn't push fluid out of the alveoli. B. CPAP doesn't reduce preload. C. CPAP doesn't ventilate the patient. D. CPAP doesn't keep the airways open.

Answer 25

CPAP doesn't ventilate the patient.

Question 26

Why are chronic smokers predisposed to spontaneous pneumothorax? Select one: A. They are more prone to direct trauma to the pleura because of reduced adipose tissue. B. Their parietal pleura is innervated by more intercostal nerves. C. They are more prone to having blebs within the lung parenchyma. D. Their visceral pleura is stretched more within their chest cavity.

Answer 26

They are more prone to having blebs within the lung parenchyma.

Question 27

Bystanders tell you that an unresponsive 22-year-old male fell 10 feet off a ladder and landed head first. You hear irregular, gasping respirations and palpate a carotid pulse. You should first: Select one: A. assess his vital signs. B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway. C. apply a cervical collar. D. perform a jaw-thrust maneuver.

Answer 27

perform a jaw-thrust maneuver.

Question 28

A 47-year-old male complains of a sore throat and drooling. He tells you that it is too painful to swallow. He has a history of cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. You auscultate stridor in his upper airway. When transporting him to the hospital, you should: Select one: A. suction his airway. B. visualize his upper airway. C. place him in his position of comfort. D. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

Answer 28

place him in his position of comfort.

Question 29

A 70-year-old male has difficulty breathing. When assessing him, which of the following should influence your decision to assist his ventilation with a BVM? Select one: A. An increase in his respiratory rate B. A history of COPD C. A decrease in his mental status D. An SpO2 below 90% on room air

Answer 29

A decrease in his mental status

Question 30

A 55-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing and a cold for a week. His skin is diaphoretic. His temperature is 102 degrees F. He has a nonproductive cough. You auscultate rhonchi over his left axilla in the fifth intercostal space. His vital signs are P 104, P 22, BP 128/88, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should first administer: Select one: A. oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. acetaminophen. C. oxygen by nasal cannula. D. aspirin.

Answer 30

The correct answer is: oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Question 31

Which of the following is the preferred method to ventilate a patient who is in respiratory arrest? Select one: A. Single-rescuer, BVM ventilation with cricoid pressure B. Two-rescuer, BVM ventilation C. Two-rescuer, BVM ventilation with cricoid pressure D. Single-rescuer, BVM ventilation

Answer 31

The correct answer is: Two-rescuer, BVM ventilation

Question 32

A 60-year-old female is resting alongside the roadway during a marathon. She tells you that while she was running, she became short of breath, so she sat down. She has been resting for 10 minutes, and she is still short of breath. You should first: Select one: A. assess her pulse rate. B. administer oxygen. C. assess her blood pressure. D. move her to the aid station.

Answer 32

administer oxygen.

Question 33

A 39-year-old male starts to have difficulty breathing while hiking at 9000 feet above sea level. He is coughing, and you observe pink, frothy sputum. His skin is pale and moist. You auscultate rales in all fields. His vital signs are P 96, R 22, BP 118/68, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer nitroglycerin while moving him to a lower elevation. B. administer oxygen by nasal cannula and wait for aeromedical evacuation. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask while moving him to a lower elevation. D. administer nitroglycerin and wait for aeromedical evacuation.

Answer 33

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask while moving him to a lower elevation.

Question 34

Why can pulmonary embolisms cause a V/Q mismatch? Select one: A. They block pulmonary arterial blood flow. B. They block bronchial airflow. C. They block bronchiole airflow. D. They block pulmonary venous blood flow.

Answer 34

They block pulmonary arterial blood flow.

Question 35

A 93-year-old female complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She tells you that she has a history of breast cancer. She tells you it is easier for her to breathe when she is sitting up. She has decreased lung sounds when you auscultate her left mid-axillary line, sixth intercostal space. Her vital signs are P 86, R 18, BP 144/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. B. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. C. assist with the administration of her nitroglycerin. D. administer aspirin.

Answer 35

administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

Question 36

Which process allows gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries? Select one: A. Active transport B. Osmosis C. Oncotic pressure D. Simple diffusion

Answer 36

Simple diffusion

Question 37

A 77-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing. She tells you she has had a productive cough for several years. You auscultate coarse rhonchi in the bases of her lungs. You observe her mucous membranes are cyanotic. Her vital signs are P 96, R 26 and labored, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 88% on home oxygen 3 L/minute by nasal cannula. You should: Select one: A. increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 L/minute. B. rapidly transport her to the hospital. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. D. assist her ventilation with a BVM.

Answer 37

The correct answer is: administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Question 38

A 52-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. He tells you he has a history of asthma. He used his albuterol inhaler twice without relief. You auscultate wheezes in all fields. His vital signs are P 72, R 20, BP 142/78, and SpO2 is 90 % on room air. You should administer oxygen and: Select one: A. place him supine. B. transport. C. have him use his inhaler. D. assist his ventilation.

Answer 38

The correct answer is: have him use his inhaler.

Question 39

Why would a 46-year-old male who inhaled steam from a malfunctioning boiler have stridor in his upper airway and wheezes in his lower airway? Select one: A. Steam can irritate the upper airway causing bronchoconstriction and burn the lower airway causing edema. B. Steam can burn both upper and lower airways causing edema. C. Steam can irritate both upper and lower airways causing bronchoconstriction. D. Steam can burn the upper airway causing edema and irritate the lower airway causing bronchoconstriction.

Answer 39

The correct answer is: Steam can burn both upper and lower airways causing edema.

Question 40

An unresponsive 30-year-old female was the unrestrained driver involved in a car crash. Your partner stabilizes her head and tells you she is breathing and has a carotid pulse. As you examine her airway, you see blood, broken teeth, and hear gurgling sounds. You should first: Select one: A. suction her airway. B. apply a cervical collar. C. assist her ventilation. D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

Answer 40

suction her airway.

Question 41

An unresponsive 2-year-old female has burnt skin on her left hand and left knee. Her father tells you he heard a loud noise and found her this way. She has irregular, slow, shallow respirations and a rapid carotid pulse. You should first: Select one: A. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. assess her vital signs. C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. D. assist her ventilation

Answer 41

assist her ventilation.

Question 42

A 91-year-old female complains of pain after she twisted her right ankle. You observe edema and ecchymosis over her lateral malleolus. The skin on her foot is pink, and she can feel you touch her toes. You should: Select one: A. move her foot to determine the range of motion of her ankle. B. apply a hot pack to her ankle. C. immobilize her foot and lower leg.

Answer 42

immobilize her foot and lower leg.

Question 43

A 6-year-old male fell off his bicycle and cut his upper arm. His mother is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound. When you examine the wound, you see a five-inch laceration that is spraying blood. You should immediately: Select one: A. apply direct pressure. B. apply a tourniquet two inches above the laceration. C. elevate his arm above his heart. D. compress his brachial artery.

Answer 43

The correct answer is: apply direct pressure.

Question 44

A 60-year-old male was working on an electrical appliance when he shocked himself and became unresponsive. His wife tells you that while he was unresponsive, he was shaking all over. His only past medical history is hypertension. You observe full thickness burns to his right hand and both knees. His vital signs are P 82 and irregular, R 16, BP 168/78, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. Which of the above findings has the potential to be an immediate life threat? Select one: A. Irregular pulse B. Hypertension C. Seizure D. Full thickness burns

Answer 44

Irregular pulse

Question 45

A 75-year-old female complains of burning pain in her arms. She was working in her garden and spilled a dry powder on them. After you remove the powder, you observe circumferential blistered and mottled skin of both her forearms and hands. What percentage of her Total Body Surface Area should you estimate is burned? Select one: A. 18 B. 4.5 C. 9 D. 13.5

Answer 45

You should suspect 9 % TBSA is burned [4.5% for each forearm].

Question 46

A 73-year-old male has a nail impaled in the palm of his hand near the base of his thumb. He tells you he was using a nail gun and it ricocheted off the wood into his hand. He can move all his digits and does not have any neurological or circulatory deficits. You should: Select one: A. splint his hand. B. stabilize the nail with a bulky dressing. C. remove the nail and apply an adhesive dressing. D. apply a cold pack.

Answer 46

stabilize the nail with a bulky dressing.

Question 47

A 5-year-old female who was only wearing a lap belt when she was involved in a car crash complains of abdominal pain. Her skin is pale and cool. The only injury you observe is a reddened three-inch wide mark across her abdomen at the level of her umbilicus. Her vital signs are P 130, R 34, BP 98/80, and SpO2 is unobtainable. Her capillary refill is three seconds. You should administer oxygen and: Select one: A. apply a pelvic binder. B. transport her in a position of comfort. C. transport her in Trendelenburg position. D. keep her warm.

Answer 47

keep her warm.

Question 48

An unresponsive 62-year-old male was struck in the head with a falling tree branch. He has a five-inch full thickness laceration to his right parietal region. It is bleeding, and you observe bone fragments in the wound. When you stimulate him, his arms twist outward. His vital signs are P 54, R 18 and irregular, BP 220/106, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should cover the wound with gauze and: Select one: A. assist his ventilation at a rate of 24/minute. B. administer oxygen. C. apply an occlusive dressing. D. apply direct pressure.

Answer 48

administer oxygen.

Question 49

A 43-year-old female who stepped into a campfire complains of pain in her lower leg. The skin on her lower leg is reddened and blistered. The skin on her foot has areas of blackened skin and other areas that are dry, white, and leathery. She denies pain to this area when you cover it with a dressing. What type of burn should you suspect she has to her foot? Select one: A. First degree B. Second degree C. Full thickness D. Partial thickness

Answer 49

Full thickness

Question 50

A 17-year-old female has a broken broom handle with a one-inch diameter impaled in her neck, entering at the sternal notch, and exiting below her right ear. She states, "I was outside when the handle blown by the tornado hit me." You should: Select one: A. apply a cervical collar and secure her to a long backboard. B. cut the handle at the surface of her skin and apply a cervical collar. C. remove it and apply occlusive dressings. D. stabilize it in the position found.

Answer 50

stabilize it in the position found.

Question 51

A 51-year-old male has a five-inch partial thickness laceration to his left thigh. You have applied direct pressure and controlled the hemorrhage. His vital signs are P 92, R 16, BP 132/76, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen. B. pack the wound with a hemostatic agent. C. apply a sterile dressing. D. treat for shock.

Answer 51

apply a sterile dressing.

Question 52

A 92-year-old male tripped and fell onto a ceramic figurine that created a two-inch hole in his right upper chest wall. You observe muscle tissue and bone fragments in the wound and hear bubbling sounds when he breathes. You should: Select one: A. pack the wound with hemostatic gauze. B. assist his ventilation. C. apply an occlusive dressing. D. suction the wound.

Answer 52

apply an occlusive dressing.

Question 53

A 9-year-old female was struck by a car while she was riding her bicycle. She complains of pain in her left forearm, right shoulder, and abdomen. Her skin is pale and cool. Her right shoulder appears uninjured. You observe an angulated injury to her forearm, and distal pulses are present. She has an abrasion to her right upper abdominal quadrant, and the pain increases with palpation. You should perform spinal motion restriction, Select one: A. administer oxygen, and transport immediately. B. splint her left arm in the position found, and apply a cold pack. C. gently realign her left arm into the position of function, and apply a splint. D. splint her left arm, and apply a sling to her right arm.

Answer 53

administer oxygen, and transport immediately.

Question 54

A 7-year-old female has a pencil impaled in her right cheek. She is upset but follows your instructions. You can visualize that the tip of the pencil is impaled in her palate. You should: Select one: A. stabilize the pencil in place. B. twist the pencil to determine if it is lodged in her palate. C. remove the pencil and apply an external dressing. D. remove the pencil and apply external and internal dressings.

Answer 54

stabilize the pencil in place.

Question 55

A 24-year-old female complains of chest pain and difficulty breathing. She tells you a horse kicked her in the chest. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You observe a contusion to the left side of her anterior chest wall. Breath sounds are absent over her left lower lung. Her vital signs are P 116, R 22, BP 92/80, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect: Select one: A. pneumothorax. B. flail chest. C. tension pneumothorax. D. hemothorax.

Answer 55

You should suspect a hemothorax. Her skin findings and vital signs suggest that she is in hemorrhagic shock. The likely cause for her absent breath sounds on the left side is an accumulation of blood. If she had a flail segment, you would observe paradoxical chest wall movement. A pneumothorax on the left side may cause absent lung sounds but would not cause the signs of hemorrhagic shock. A tension pneumothorax would show signs of obstructive shock (jugular vein distention).

Question 56

A 79-year-old male lost his balance and fell, landing on his back. He complains of pain in his upper back, and you palpate a deformity to T-6. He has a history of CHF and tells you he needs to sit up so he can breathe. He is on home oxygen by nasal cannula, 3 L/minute. He is not able to feel below his xiphoid process or move his legs. You should apply a cervical collar and: Select one: A. secure him supine on the stretcher and increase the oxygen flow rate. B. secure him supine on the stretcher and administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. C. immobilize him to a long backboard for transport. D. secure him in the semi-Fowler's position on the stretcher.

Answer 56

The correct answer is: secure him in the semi-Fowler's position on the stretcher.

Question 57

A 22-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing after being struck in the chest with a pipe. He has a six-inch bruise over his right axilla. His lung sounds are absent on the right lower chest. His vital signs are P 122, R 20, BP 88/72, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen and keep him warm. B. fully expose him and immobilize him to a long backboard. C. place him in the Trendelenburg position. D. place him on the injured side.

Answer 57

administer oxygen and keep him warm.

Question 58

Penetrating injury to which of the following organs would cause peritonitis the quickest? Select one: A. Large intestine B. Spleen C. Stomach D. Liver

Answer 58

Stomach

Question 59

A 25-year-old male complains of severe leg pain. He tells you he went to the urgent care center yesterday and they applied a temporary cast wrapped with an elastic bandage because he broke his left tibia. He tells you the pain has been getting worse and he feels pins and needles in his leg. You should: Select one: A. remove the temporary cast and apply an air splint. B. tighten the elastic bandage around the temporary cast. C. loosen the elastic bandage around the temporary cast. D. apply warm compresses to his left lower leg.

Answer 59

loosen the elastic bandage around the temporary cast.

Question 60

A 63-year-old male has an irregular three-inch laceration across his right forearm. He tells you he feels nauseated and light-headed. You observe a steady flow of dark, red blood. You are unable to stop the flow with direct pressure. You should next: Select one: A. apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury. B. apply pressure to his brachial artery. C. apply a pressure dressing. D. elevate his arm above his heart.

Answer 60

apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Question 61

A 44-year-old male complains of groin pain. He tells you he has had an erection for over an hour. He has a history of sickle cell anemia. His sclerae and conjunctivae appear pale and yellow. His vital signs are P 98, R 20, BP 138/82, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: Select one: A. apply a cold pack to the affected area. B. administer aspirin. C. transport and monitor his vital signs. D. administer oxygen.

Answer 61

The correct answer is: administer oxygen.

Question 62

A 37-year-old female is 36 weeks pregnant. She tells you that she has a severe headache and blurred vision. She describes decreased fetal activity today. Her vital signs are P 86, R 14, BP 138/90, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should transport her: Select one: A. in the knee-chest position. B. on her left side. C. with her hips elevated. D. supine.

Answer 62

on her left side.

Question 63

A 54-year-old male complains of abdominal pain. He tells you he has had generalized crampy pain and diarrhea for three days. His abdomen is soft to palpation. His vital signs are P 90, R 16, BP 142/86, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should suspect: Select one: A. peritonitis. B. cholecystitis. C. appendicitis. D. gastroenteritis.

Answer 63

gastroenteritis.

Question 64

An 85-year-old female complains of chest pain. She has a history of renal failure. She receives hemodialysis and has an arterial-venous fistula in her left lower arm. When assessing her blood pressure, you should: Select one: A. place the cuff on her right bicep. B. place the cuff on her left bicep, two to three inches above the elbow. C. place the cuff on her thigh. D. not assess the blood pressure of a patient who has an arterial-venous fistula.

Answer 64

place the cuff on her right bicep.

Question 65

You are called to a school for a 9-year-old male who was acting strangely. His teacher tells you that during class, he had several episodes of sitting at his desk staring into space and briefly not responding. He answers your questions correctly and tells you he does not remember the episodes. What type of seizure should you suspect? Select one: A. Temporal lobe B. Absence C. Focal motor D. Psychomotor

Answer 65

Absence

Question 66

A 55-year-old female jumped out of a second-story window and injured her right leg. She tells you she is depressed and that there is no hope for her. She recently lost her job, and her husband left her. You should suspect that she is: Select one: A. suicidal. B. looking for attention. C. schizophrenic. D. delusional.

Answer 66

suicidal.

Question 67

A 38-year-old female complains of sneezing and mild trouble breathing after inhaling an unknown substance. You auscultate wheezes in all fields. Her vital signs are P 88, R 20, BP 138/68, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. What type of reaction should you suspect? Select one: A. Allergic B. Anaphylactoid C. Anaphylactic D. Desensitization

Answer 67

Allergic

Question 68

A 78-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing. She has a history of chronic renal failure and asthma. She tells you she missed two dialysis appointments this week. You auscultate fine crackles in her bases. Her vital signs are P 92 and irregular, R 22, BP 150/68, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen by nasal cannula. B. assist with the administration of her albuterol. C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. D. assist her ventilation with a BVM.

Answer 68

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Question 69

A 25-year-old female tells you her water broke. When you examine her, you observe a greenish liquid and the neonate's head crowning. Immediately after the delivery, the male neonate is crying, has cyanotic hands and feet, and is moving all extremities. You should: Select one: A. suction his right nostril. B. suction his left nostril. C. suction his mouth. D. dry and stimulate him.

Answer 69

dry and stimulate him.

Question 70

A 73-year-old female complains of pain in her lower abdomen and pelvis. She tells you the pain increases during intercourse. Recently, she has had a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. You should suspect: Select one: A. urinary tract infection. B. pelvic inflammatory disease. C. inflammatory bowel disease. D. nephrolithiasis.

Answer 70

pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 71

A 34-year-old female has severe anxiety and tells you she is having a panic attack. She tells you she has been depressed since her son was born two months ago. Her vital signs are P 88, R 18, BP 132/84, and SpO2 is 99% on room air. You should: Select one: A. tell her to relax, and she will be fine. B. discuss with her why her son is causing her to be depressed. C. place your hand on her shoulder to comfort her. D. reassure her and transport.

Answer 71

reassure her and transport.

Question 72

A 38-year-old female was found unresponsive in her car by her son. He tells you she overdosed on heroin, and he administered Narcan® intranasally before starting CPR four minutes ago. Upon your arrival, she starts to move. She has a carotid pulse and gasping respirations once every 15 seconds. You should next: Select one: A. place her in the recovery position. B. assist her ventilation. C. administer another dose of naloxone. D. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Answer 72

assist her ventilation.

Question 73

An unresponsive 58-year-old female had a single seizure prior to your arrival. Bystanders tell you that she hasn't woken up since she stopped shaking. While you are performing your assessment, she has a brief tonic period followed by generalized clonic activity. You should next: Select one: A. protect her head and begin transport. You should protect her head and begin transport. Status epilepticus is a prolonged seizure (greater than 10 minutes) or when a person has multiple seizures without regaining full consciousness. This is a high-priority emergency, and she needs advanced medical care. Attempting to assess all her vital signs while she is actively seizing will delay transport. During transport, you may assess her blood glucose level, but you should not administer oral glucose to a patient who is unable to follow your commands. There is no reason to remove her clothing and cool her. B. remove her clothing and begin to cool her. C. assess her blood glucose level and administer oral glucose if needed. D. administer oxygen by nasal cannula and assess her vital signs.

Answer 73

protect her head and begin transport.

Question 74

A 34-year-old male complains of dizziness and feels like he is going to pass out. He tells you he just took naproxen for the first time for joint pain. You observe urticaria and angioedema. His vital signs are P 104, R 20, BP 78/58, and SpO2 is unobtainable. You should: Select one: A. assess for orthostatic hypotension. B. administer an epinephrine autoinjector. C. apply cold packs to the affected areas. D. administer oxygen and transport.

Answer 74

administer an epinephrine autoinjector.

Question 75

A 1-month-old male has bilateral circumferential superficial burns from his mid-calf to his toes. He is crying and inconsolable. His mother tells you she placed him in the tub and then accidentally filled the tub with hot water. You should suspect: Select one: A. accidental trauma. B. non-accidental trauma. C. limb-threatening injuries. D. life-threatening injuries.

Answer 75

non-accidental trauma.

Question 76

A 38-year-old male complains of nausea and vomiting. He has a history of alcoholism. His abdomen is distended, and he has left upper quadrant tenderness on palpation. His vital signs are P 112, R 18, BP 116/88, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen. B. allow him to take sips of water. C. determine if he can ambulate with assistance. D. assess for rebound tenderness.

Answer 76

The correct answer is: administer oxygen.

Question 77

A 91-year-old female complains of generalized weakness. She tells you that she is depressed because her husband died last month and she keeps forgetting to take her diabetes medication. Her skin is warm and dry. Her vital signs are P 98, R 16, BP 112/78, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. You should: Select one: A. transport her for an involuntary psychiatric evaluation. B. administer oxygen. C. administer oral glucose. D. assess her blood glucose level.

Answer 77

assess her blood glucose level.

Question 78

A confused 30-year-old male has flushed dry skin and fever. His girlfriend tells you he took 500 mg of diphenhydramine to help him sleep. His pupils are dilated and non-reactive. His vital signs are P 118, R 20, BP 182/78, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. His blood glucose level is 73 mg/dL. You should: Select one: A. rapidly cool him. B. administer oral glucose. C. transport him. D. administer oxygen. Certainty

Answer 78

transport him.

Question 79

Law enforcement officers requested your assistance with a 24-year-old male who is acting aggressively. He has removed his clothing, is shouting, and throwing heavy furniture around in his apartment. Law enforcement tells you he has a history of diabetes and cocaine use. You should suspect: Select one: A. schizophrenia. B. hyperglycemia. C. thyroid storm. D. excited delirium.

Answer 79

excited delirium.

Question 80

A 58-year-old female was sexually assaulted. Her only complaint is minor vaginal bleeding and lower pelvic pain. She reluctantly agrees to go to the hospital with you but wants to use the bathroom first. Her vital signs are P 84, R 16, BP 132/86, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. You should: Select one: A. ask her to leave any bloody garments or sanitary products in the trash after she finishes. B. tell her that her vital signs are unstable and that you need to transport her immediately. C. allow her to use the bathroom only if she allows a female responder on scene observe. D. explain why she should wait to use the bathroom until she gets to the hospital.

Answer 80

explain why she should wait to use the bathroom until she gets to the hospital.

Question 81

Which of the following is a simple technique that should be used at the scene of all crashes where the vehicle is on its wheels to ensure the safety of the patient and rescuers? Select one: A. Allowing the capacitor in airbags to discharge B. Disconnecting the battery C. Ensuring the vehicle is in Park and turned off D. Cribbing the vehicle and deflating the tires

Answer 81

The correct answer is: Ensuring the vehicle is in Park and turned off

Question 82

At the scene of a car crash at night on a rural limited access highway, you have been directed to set up a helicopter landing zone. You should ensure the landing zone is: Select one: A. well lit with upward-facing lights. B. at least a quarter of a mile away from the crash scene. C. 125 feet by 125 feet. D. uphill from the crash site.

Answer 82

125 feet by 125 feet.

Question 83

Which of the following is a characteristic of an EMS agency's quality improvement program? Select one: A. Documentation of developing trends in the chief complaints of transported patients B. Protocol issued by the Medical Director that authorizes EMTs to perform skills in certain situations C. Reviewing all serious trauma call PCRs for the service to evaluate scene time D. Discussing specific issues a provider has with patient care and the steps to be taken to correct the issues

Answer 83

The correct answer is: Reviewing all serious trauma call PCRs for the service to evaluate scene time

Question 84

An unresponsive 10-month-old female is apneic and pulseless. Her skin is cold, and you observe dependent lividity. You observe rigor mortis in her jaw and extremities. Her father tells you she was fine when she went to bed last night. You should: Select one: A. begin chest compressions and attach the AED. B. tell him his daughter has passed on and everything will be all right. C. tell her father she has died and provided emotional support. D. question her father about non-accidental trauma.

Answer 84

tell her father she has died and provided emotional support.

Question 85

When using radio communications, you should: Select one: A. press the talk button and begin speaking immediately. B. place the microphone less than one inch in front of your lips. C. avoid codes. D. speak quickly.

Answer 85

avoid codes.

Question 86

You are arriving on the scene of a car crash in the left lane of a three-lane limited access highway. A fire engine is parked diagonally across the middle and left lane 50 feet before the crash. Where should you park your ambulance? Select one: A. Alongside the crash in the middle lane B. Before the fire engine in the left lane C. After the crash in the left lane D. Between the fire engine and the crash in the middle lane

Answer 86

The correct answer is: After the crash in the left lane

Question 87

When approaching a helicopter with its main rotor turning, you should: Select one: A. approach the helicopter from the uphill side. B. walk upright. C. follow the instruction of the crew. D. approach the helicopter from the tail rotor.

Answer 87

The correct answer is: follow the instruction of the crew.

Question 88

A 52-year-old female was shot in the chest. She complains of pain and difficulty breathing. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. When treating her, you should: Select one: A. place any removed clothing in a plastic bag. B. apply a cervical collar and spinal stabilization. C. avoid cutting through the bullet hole in her shirt. D. assess her vital signs before beginning transport.

Answer 88

The correct answer is: avoid cutting through the bullet hole in her shirt.

Question 89

You are the first ambulance to arrive on the scene of an overturned school bus on a limited-access highway. You see several people on the bus. You should first: Select one: A. request a helicopter to respond to the scene. B. establish command. C. begin triage. D. set up a staging area.

Answer 89

The correct answer is: establish command.

Question 90

Which of the following is a public health activity of an EMS system to maintain community relations? Select one: A. Participating in a disaster drill B. Installing car seats C. Hosting a regional protocol skills review D. Conducting an initial EMT class

Answer 90

The correct answer is: Installing car seats

Question 91

You have transported a 29-year-old male who complained of difficulty breathing to the hospital. Prior to leaving the hospital, at the very least, you should: Select one: A. transfer care to staff with an equal or higher level of training. B. complete an electronic patient care report. C. ensure that all supplies used are restocked. D. provide patient demographic information to the registration staff.

Answer 91

transfer care to staff with an equal or higher level of training.

Question 92

If you are the first emergency vehicle to arrive on the scene of a car crash, you should position your ambulance: Select one: A. after the crash with the flow of traffic. B. between the flow of traffic and the crash. C. alongside the crash against the flow of traffic. D. alongside the crash with the flow of traffic.

Answer 92

between the flow of traffic and the crash.

Question 93

Which of the following is a public health activity that an EMS agency can take to prepare their community in case there is a mass shooting event? Select one: A. Working with a local hospital to develop Emergency Response Plans B. Conducting Stop the Bleed classes for the community C. Ensuring all providers receive Tactical Emergency Casualty Care training D. Stocking multiple tourniquets on all service vehicles

Answer 93

Conducting Stop the Bleed classes for the community

Question 94

Which of the following is a positive method to deal with the stress associated with working in EMS? Select one: A. Decreased time to relax B. Decreased carbohydrate intake C. Increased exercise D. Increased alcohol ingestion

Answer 94

The correct answer is: Increased exercise

Question 95

Which of the following actions can significantly reduce the risk of cross-contamination from a patient exposed to toxic gas? Select one: A. Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. Don an N-95 respirator. C. Don Level D PPE protection. D. Have the patient remove their clothing.

Answer 95

Have the patient remove their clothing.

Question 96

You are at the hospital cleaning your ambulance after transporting a 62-year-old female from a car crash. The law enforcement officer who was on the scene of the crash asks you for the patient's name and date of birth. You should: Select one: A. tell him you cannot provide it because it is a HIPAA violation. B. provide the information. C. tell him that he needs to speak to the hospital staff. D. direct him to your agency's Privacy Officer.

Answer 96

The correct answer is: provide the information.

Question 97

A 25-year-old male who was involved in a car crash has a laceration on his forearm. His skin is warm, dry, and pink. He has a two-inch partial thickness laceration to his left forearm. His movement, sensation, and circulation are intact distal to the injury. You have stopped the bleeding and bandaged the wound. He tells you that the wound is minor, and he does not want to go to the hospital with you. Which of the following must happen before you can allow him to refuse further care or transport? Select one: A. He must understand the potential consequences. B. You must contact law enforcement to witness the refusal. C. He must read and sign the refusal form. D. You must assess his vital signs

Answer 97

He must understand the potential consequences.

Question 98

Which of the following allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to a physician? Select one: A. National EMS Scope of Practice B. State EMT licensure C. National EMT certification D. Off-line medical direction

Answer 98

Off-line medical direction