1
Q
What is the role of the Marine Engineering logistics log
A
Has info on all fuels on board
A key element of providing a basis to a ‘good fuel system management’
2
Q
How regularly should the log be sighted?
A
Monthly by MEO
3
Q
What is the responsibility of fuel managers regarding the log?
A
All paperwork has been filled in correctly and mistakes are not made
4
Q
How many sections make up the ME Logistics Log
A
12 sections
5
Q
Describe a Class 1 petroleum product
A
- Flashpoint below 21 degrees
- Highly Flammable
- Gasoline
6
Q
Describe a Class 2 petroleum product
A
- Flashpoint between 21-55 degrees
- Flammable
- Kerosene, White spirits and PX24
7
Q
Describe a Class 3 petroleum product
A
- Flashpoint between 55-100 degrees
- Combustible
- Dieso, AVCAT/FSII
8
Q
What are the 4-10 section headings of the COSHH data sheet?
A
4: First Aid
5: Fire Fighting
6: Accidental release measures
7: Handling and storage
8: Exposure controls and personal protection
9: Physical and Chemical properties
10: Stability and reactivity
9
Q
Name the 5 contaminants which may affect the operation of fuel
A
- Water
- Dirt
- Sodium
- Surfactants
- MBC/ SRB
10
Q
How can fuel be contaminated by water?
A
- Embarked during fuelling
- Compensating water
- Condensation in tanks
- Leaks in tanks
11
Q
How does dirt get into fuel?
A
- Transferred from somewhere or from the degradation of fuel
12
Q
How does sodium contaminate fuel?
A
Sodium can contaminate water during fueling in rough seas
13
Q
What is a surfactant and how can it be removed?
A
- surfactant: reduces the surface tension between free water & fuel
- It reduces or stops the mechanism of coalescing
- Can not be removed from fuel
- However, the contaminated tank can be put in quarantine until it can be discharged alongside
14
Q
What are the methods of refuelling at Sea/In Harbour
A
- QRC (dieso)
- ASB (dieso)
- Probe ( Dieso)
- 6” screw connection (dieso and avcat)
15
Q
What are the advantage of compensating tanks?
A
- Improved stability
- Removal of any ballasting requirement
16
Q
What are the disadvantages of compensating tanks?
A
- Risk of seawater contamination
- Increased risk of corrosion in fuel tanks
- Tank top leakage hazard (due to pressurised fuel tanks, difficult to repair without isolating)
- Reduced ability to correct list if battle damage is sustained
- Risk of discharging fuel overboard when refuelling
- High refuelling rates are difficult to achieve
- The ship is continuously in the “deep” condition, which adversely affects fuel consumption and ship speed.
17
Q
Steps for the embarkation of Fuel in the harbour or at sea
A
Comms links between:
- Supplying point and receiving point
- Receiving point and fuelling control point
- Fueling control point and tank filling points
- Consider the use of secondary communication links
RAS clothing issued: hard hats, goggles, gloves etc. firefighting equipment rigged and proved.
18
Q
List 2 or 3 reason and explain precautions to be taken during fuelling?
A
- Fuel expansion - Fill 95% to account for temperature increases
- Fire and explosion - Don’t handle explosives and have FF equipment ready and proven, no smoking or naked lights (to be piped)
- Over pressurised hoses - Adequate warning to be supplied before filling valves are shut to the supply point
- Informing personnel - to ensure all personnel are aware of hazards, pipe every 15 mins
- Prevention of fuel spills - ‘Prevention of Oil Pollution’
19
Q
List ship’s practical precautions to minimize the risk of fuel being discharged overboard.
A
- Supervision by suitably qualified SR
- Posting of correctly briefed upper deck sentries with communications to the fuelling control position
- Reduction in fuelling rate at later stages of fuelling
- Fuelling to less than 95% when pollution may occur.
20
Q
What considerations are required for RAS Hoses?
A
- All hoses should be inspected annually, and prior to rigging up to refuel
- Pressure tested twice annually via SFMs raising a job card.
- RAS hoses should be replaced through the store’s system every 8 years of in-service life, whilst allowing 2 years shelf life, which will give a total of 10 years of life.
21
Q
What are the functions of the two transfer centrifuge supply pumps? (8)
A
- Transfer fuel via a centrifuge from any storage tank to any service tank
- Transfer centrifuged fuel from either overflow to any service tank.
- Transfer fuel between storage tanks
- Transfer fuel to either deck fuelling connections for de-fuelling
- Transfer fuel to any of the DG RU tanks in emergency operation using unfiltered fuel.
- Transfer fuel from either stripping tank.
- Circulate fuel from any service and overflow tank through any centrifuge
- An emergency hand pump is fitted to enable the DG RU tank to be filled in an emergency.
22
Q
What is the function and purpose of prefilters?
A
- Duplex type fuel filter
- Nominal filtration standard of 5 microns & is designed to reduce the amount of dirt reaching the coalescers
- And due to their construction, also remove some water
23
Q
What is the purpose of coalescers?
A
- Coalescers provide a means of removal of water from fuel to an acceptable standard for use in gas turbines and some diesel engine ships
24
Q
What are the emergency fuel acumulators?
A
In a total power failure, two emergency fuel accumulators provide sufficient fuel to allow a limited time for electrical supplies to be restored without losing propulsion, and to enable a controlled shutdown for the gas turbines with 8 minutes at idle and 2 minutes at full power.
25
What is the procedure of the Dieso clean up system?
- Allow embarked fuel to settle after embarkment (ideal 24 hours)
- Strip fuel tanks regularly as required (daily at sea, once a week alongside)
- Transfer/centrifuge fuel to keep it moving
- Polish fuel tanks (overflow or service tanks)
- Filter fuel through pre-filters and coalescers
- Monitor differential pressure gauges on pre-filters & coalescers
- Conduct regular tests on fuel boost systems
26
When is dieso testing to be done？
- Whenever fuel is embarked from commercial sources.
- Whenever unsatisfactory fuel is offered or embarked from from any source.
- Routine monitoring of systems IAW UMMS.
- Whenever considered necessary by ship's staff.
27
How are fuel samples to be shipped?
1 Litre can packed with Vermiculite packing material
28
What is the Diesel fuel filtration test?
- A test kit for measuring the tendency of fuel to block fine filters such as prefilters and filter/water separators.
- A max of 250 mL of fuel is passed through the kit each test
29
What is the diesel flash point test?
- test to ascertain if the fuel flashpoint is within specification limits using the no flash/flash method.
- The minimum permissible flashpoint of diesel fuel for the embarkation in HM ships is 61°C
- if the flashpoint is below 61°C the fuel must be rejected, a sample taken, MPS-MES-TSF4 & Intertek Farnborough informed & send a sample
30
What is a cloud point test and why is it carried out?
- "the temperature at which a haze or cloud begins to appear when it is cooled under prescribed conditions"
- The fuel waxing can result in severe filter/strainer blockage and potential starvation to propulsion and auxiliary equipment. - Rectification is expensive and lengthy in time. (have to remove the residual wax products)
31
How is a MBC sample prepped and sent?
A 1L transit can
# Deposits from walls and bottom of empty fuel tanks
# Fuel is taken from the lowest possible point in the tank
# Fuel and/or sludge from fuel system strainers and/or filters
- The sterile transit can is marked with urgent and:
# Name of ship
# Source of sample
# Date of sample
32
Describe the coalescing method of filtration
Fuel is constrained to pass through passages where globules of water are retared, so that they are able to merge into larger globules and eventually settle out from the fuel stream.
33
Describe the absorption method of filtration
Uses specially prepared papers in a filter, to absorb any entrained water in the fuel, as the fuel is passed through the filter
34
What 8 precautions are to be taken when operating the transfer and recirculating system?
- Use high-level suction only, low-level suction ports should remain locked and only be used in emergency operations, or to empty the tanks for cleaning.
- Filling funnels are to not be left unattended.
- Tanks must be checked for water before and after transfers.
- Anti-static precautions in place.
- Watch differential pressure gauges on filters/water separators.
- Vent water separators/filters soon after transfer pump started, otherwise the effectiveness of the filter is decreased.
- AVCAT system is to be configured correctly prior to transferring fuel.
- Record levels of tanks before and after transfer.
35
How is earthing achieved in fueling hoses?
- Earthing arrangements are provided by phosphor bronze wires embedded in the hose wall to prevent static electricity.
36
How is earth bonding continuity checked on hoses?
- Daily tests to check earth bonding
- Resistance limited to 1 ohm/ft.
- Hoses failing this test are to be condemned, or an external bonding wire is to be rigged
37
What does the hose end pressure controller do?
- Always used for refuelling aircraft with the closed line method.
- It automatically controls the delivery pressure to a far closer limit than is obtained by a pressure control situated in the fixed system.
- Pressure changes and is sensed by the aircraft skin and the response is immediate.
- The flow controller controls the flow of fuel at the correct rate to the specific aircraft. This is to stop static electricity from igniting the fuel/air mixture.
38
What is a HIFR?
- refuel aircraft from a ship other than one that has the designed requirements to accept that particular aircraft on deck
- The helicopter can hover while being refuelled (15 m above and 20 m off the port side of the deck)
- The helicopter is left with only a short length of hose attached to the fueling connection.
- The emergency breakaway Coupling will separate at 400-500 lbs and seal off both ends of the broken coupling.
39
When should Avcat be water tested? (8)
- Prior to embarkation.
- Every 10 minutes during embarkation.
- Prior to flying stations and every 24h when flying continues.
- 24 hours after embarkation.
- Before and after transferring.
- After heavy sea conditions or ship movements.
- When contamination is suspected.
- Once per week when the system is not in use.
40
How should shell detector tests be taken? (AVCAT water test)
- Ensure capsules are in-date
- The capsulate is made to fit into a 5 cc hypodermic syringe
- The papers are yellow in colour
- When a sample of fuel is drawn through the capsule any free water in suspension in the fuel will collect or coalesce on the paper
- The 1st colour change (a pale green) is affected at about 30 ppm & a dark green is shown at about 50 ppm
41
When are submissions of AVCAT fuel made? (6)
Submitted to MIG following:
- Routine 3 monthly sample
- Immediately after the system has been breached for any reason and before fueling an aircraft
- After a change of filter elements or any system component
- On any occasion when requested by the MIG
- Flushing procedures fail to remove dirt from the dispensed fuel
- Two weeks before HAT/SAT (air) allowing time for postage and fuel testing.
42
What is the Ship's Oil Emergency Plan (SOPEP)?
- Held in HQ1, custody of DMEO
- A plan is designed to assist personnel in dealing with an unexpected discharge of oil.
- Its primary purpose is to set in motion the necessary actions to stop or minimize the discharge & mitigate its effects
- The plan goes beyond providing for operational spills only.
- It includes guidance for the commanding officer in meeting the demands of a catastrophic discharge, should the ship become involved in one
43
What are reportable discharges of fuel?
- When there is a sheen on the water.
- Water quality does not meet applicable water quality standards.
- A sludge or emulsion beneath the surface or upon adjoining shorelines.
44
Why hold the S.O.P.E.P?
- To give guidance to command following a fuel oil spill into the sea
- POLREP to be raised after a spill of fuel oil of any quantity enters the sea.
45
What is the upper limit of oil in water in IMO regulations?
15 ppm
