Test 2

Question 1

the central nervous system is made up of _____

Answer 1

the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

the cell bodies of the motor neurons are all located in the ____

Answer 3

gray matter of the spinal cord

Question 4

myelinated axons that carry information to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord are mostly located in the __________

Answer 4

white matter

Question 5

the ____________ consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 5

hindbrain

Question 6

the ___________ contains the tectum, superior colliculus and inferior colliculus, tegmentum and substantia nigra

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

four fluid-filled cavities within the brain’s central canal containing cerebrospinal fluid is called ___________

Answer 7

ventricles

Question 8

the ___________ includes cerebral cortex that consists of occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes

Answer 8

forebrain

Question 9

surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain is called _________

Answer 9

prefrontal lobotomy

Question 10

application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet is called _________

Answer 10

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 11

suppose you are interested in determining if the volume of the hippocampus is associated with the amount of stress a person was experiencing. Which method would be the best choice?

Answer 11

CAT

Question 12

which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow?

Answer 12

PET

Question 13

which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules?

Answer 13

fMRI

Question 14

a stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____

Answer 14

placing an electrode in the brain

Question 15

which statement about the application of magnetic stimulation to the brain is accurate?

Answer 15

mild, brief magnetic stimulation produces brain activation

Question 16

evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____

Answer 16

EEG

Question 17

the prefrontal cortex is important for ____

Answer 17

working memory

Question 18

what are the ways that genes change?

Answer 18

mutation, microdeletion, microduplication

Question 19

a field that is concerned with changes in gene expression without the modification of the DNA sequence is called _______

Answer 19

epigenetics

Question 20

the answer in #19 deals with how ____

Answer 20

experiences can turn genes on or off

Question 21

units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____

Answer 21

genes

Question 22

________ refers to how much characteristics depend on genetic differences

Answer 22

heritability

Question 23

what three types of evidence do researchers rely on or study to determine the heritability of a characteristic?

Answer 23

identify specific genes linked to some behavior, study monozygotic and dizygotic twins, study adopted children

Question 24

what are the ways that genes can affect your behavior indirectly?

Answer 24

being unusually attractive

Question 25

the _________ refers to a change in the frequency of various genes in a population over generations

Answer 25

evolution

Question 26

the answer in # 25 attempts to answer two questions: how did some species evolve and how do species evolve

Answer 26

true

Question 27

evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is evolutionarily defined as ____

Answer 27

the number of copies of one’s genes that endure in later generations

Question 28

the ________ refers to choosing individuals with desired traits and making them parents of the next generation

Answer 28

artificial selection

Question 29

lamarckian evolution suggests that the use or disuse of some structure or behavior causes an increase or decrease in that behavior

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the __________ focuses upon functional and evolutionary explanations of how behaviors evolved

Answer 30

evolutionary psychology

Question 31

does human behavior depend on genetics, environmental influences, or both?

Answer 31

both genes and environment

Question 32

facial expressions are mainly controlled by ________

Answer 32

genes

Question 33

_________ demonstrated that inheritance occurs through discrete units of heredity, called genes

Answer 33

gregor mendel

Question 34

prior to (answer in #33), it was commonly believed that inheritance was a blending process of the properties of the egg and sperm (like paint)

Answer 34

true

Question 35

genes come in pairs, called _________

Answer 35

alleles

Question 36

a _______ is defined as a portion of a chromosome and is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 36

gene

Question 37

_____ serves as a model for the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 37

dna

Question 38

an __________ gene occurs in a phenotype where there is incomplete dominance in the heterozygous condition

Answer 38

intermediate

Question 39

brain development depends upon _______ and ________

Answer 39

maturation/learning

Question 40

the development of neurons in the brain involves which following processes? Choose all that apply

Answer 40

migration, synaptogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, myelination