Test 2 Flashcards by Paige Unknown

what vitamins are fat soluble?

A D E K

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what vitamins are water-soluble?

vitamin c and B vitamins

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protein structure

amino acid; Backbone, Amino group, Carboxyl group, C group (side chain)

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functions of proteins

transport, enzymes, blood pH balance, fluid balance, hormones, immunity, and energy use

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Deamination

Remove the amine group (nitrogen), and use the remaining remnant for energy. Also called gluconeogenesis

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marasmus

Insufficient protein and energy intake

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kwashiorkor

7 protein functions are off; More damaging (the body never adapts)

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Catabolic

process of molecule breakdown

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Anabolic

processes involved in building molecules

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Ghrelin

increases appetite

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Leptin

decreases appetite

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NPY

Signals in the brain that tells us to eat

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GLP-1

Transit of food, insulin response/ sensitivity

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Hyperplasia

increased number of cells

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Hypertrophy

increase in cell size

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vitamin A functions

vision, tissue strength, growth, immune function

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vitamin A sources

dark green, leafy vegetables, deep orange vegetables/fruits

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vitamin A deficiencies

night blindness, dry cornea (blindness), rough & dry skin, dry mucus membranes, malabsorption, increased risk of infection, contributes to iron deficiency

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vitamin D sources

vitamin d fortified milk & dairy products, enriched cereals and grains, liver, egg yolks, fatty fish, cod liver oil (1tsp=100%)

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vitamin D functions

absorption of calcium & phosphorus, bone & teeth mineralization, tumor suppressant, blood pressure regulator, reduce risk of auto-immune diseases, may prevent seasonal affective disorder

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vitamin D deficiencies

bone pain and loss, rickets (bowing of legs in children), osteomalacia (deficiency in adults)

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vitamin E

vegetable oils & nuts
- antioxidant & selenium metabolism

deficiency & toxicity rare
inhibits blood clotting action of vitamin K

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vitamin K sources

green leafy vegetables

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vitamin K functions

blood clotting, bone development

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vitamin K deficiencies

newborns get injection issues with blood clotting

vitamin C sources

citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage, leafy vegetables, berries, melons, broccoli, potatoes

vitamin C functions

Immunity function, tissue building, wound healing, metabolism - absorption of iron, antioxidant

vitamin C deficiencies

scurvy

thiamin (B1) functions

CHO metabolism - GI, nervous, and cardiovascular systems

thiamin (B1) sources

lean pork, whole or enriched grain

thiamin (B1) deficiencies

beri beri, neruopathy, nervous instability, confusion, psychosis, metabolic acidosis

riboflavin (B2) deficiencies

Ariboflavinosis: cracking, crusting, and scaling of the corners of the mouth

riboflavin (B2) functions

assists with the metabolism of energy nutrients, tissue building

riboflavin (B2) sources

milk

niacin (B3) sources

meat, whole grain, enriched cereal, conversion of tryptophan (turkey)

niacin (B3) functions

regulates energy metabolism, partners with riboflavin & thiamin, maintains skin, tongue, and digestive system

niacin (B3) deficiencies

pellagra

B6 sources

Meats, whole grains, potatoes, fortified breakfast cereals, bananas, avocados

B6 functions

amino acid metab. (coenzyme hemoglobin), make neurotransmitters

B6 deficiencies

Muscle weakness, dermatitis, mouth sores, fatigue, confusious

B12 functions

make FA & AA, coenzyme in folate functions

B12 deficiencies

Megaloblastic anemia nerve damage, anemia, nerve damage

B12 sources

Animal derived foods, some soy milks, and fortified breakfast cereals

folate functions

cell division, make RNA & DNA

folate sources

Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

folate deficiencies

Megaloblastic anemia Diarrhea, anemia, neural-tube defects

Ca functions

blood clotting, muscle contraction & nerve function, building bones, Releases insulin from the pancreas

Ca deficiencies

Osteoporosis

Ca sources

Milk and other dairy products, greens & broccoli, salmon, sardines, beans, peas and lentils

PTH:

pulls Ca+ from bone

Calcitonin:

deposits excess calcium

Fe sources

meats, egg yolks, nuts, enriched or whole grains, beans, peas, and lentils

Fe functions

transports oxygen to all parts of the body, Energy reactions

Fe deficiencies

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC RBC

Zn functions

wound healing, Supports the immune system, Makes strong bones, Part of sense organ function (smell, taste), cell division & reproduction

Zn sources

Meat, seafood, whole grains

Mg functions

structure for healthy bones, and Produces energy from food, and Functions of muscle & nervous system

Mg sources

Meat, seafood, nuts, beans, peas, lentils, dairy products, whole grains

Se sources

Grains, meat, poultry, fish, dairy products

Se functions

Antioxidants- man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage

Test 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)