Test 2 Flashcards

Question

Cross-cultural perspective of suicide

Answer 1

o Christian values think death is the worst; suicide is sinful o Japanese values think dishonor is the worst; seppuku

Answer 2

suicide is triggered by an intrapsychic conflict, that emerges due to great psychological stress - It emerges either as a regression to a more primitive ego state or the aggressive feelings towards others or society are turned inward toward the self

Answer 3

- Individuals who do not successfully navigate life stages become mistrustful, guilt-ridden, isolated, and stagnant and may choose suicide as a way out o Lack of resilience. Lack of decision-making choices o Social media makes the decisions for you

Answer 4

- Proposes that there is some mental deficiency such as mood disorders and coping difficulties in the suicidal individual - Mental deficiencies then become risk factors that lead to suicide

Answer 5

- This perception leads to self-blame, heightened awareness of shortcomings, negative emotions, cognitive disintegration, focus on deficits, and eventually suicide exacerbated by intolerable perfectionism

Answer 6

- Hopelessness suggests that individuals believe desirable outcomes won’t occur or adverse outcomes will, feeling unable to change these situations - This sense of hopelessness is a significant risk factor for suicide

Answer 7

- Psychache, representing deep emotional anguish from emotions like guilt or loss, is tied to unmet psychological needs, with suicide seen as a way to end this pain o Ex. really messy breakup, feeling like you can never date again

Answer 8

4 types of social suicide's 1. Egocentric suicide 2. Anomic suicide 3. Altruistic suicide 4. Fatalistic suicide

Answer 9

 Stems from lack of integration or identification with a group * Ex. school shooters

Answer 10

 Arises from a perceived or breakdown in the norms of society, ex. economic crises

Answer 11

 Related to perceived or real social solidarity seen in hara-kiri or suicide attacks * Ex. piolets in 9/11

Answer 12

 Arises in oppressively inescapable situations such as being confined in a concentration camp * Ex. solitary confinement

Answer 13

- Model assesses the cumulative risk of suicide based on biological, psychological, cognitive and environmental factors - The presence and accumulation of these factors, like substance misuse, mental disorders, and access to firearms, increase suicide potential

Answer 14

that lack of belongingness, feeling of burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide indicate high suicide risk

Answer 15

o Unintentional self-injury leading to death can occur due to high negative affect and loss of control, complicating the differentiation from suicide  Ex. Solo car crash, borderlines taking pills

Answer 16

o Research suggests neurochemical changes correlate with suicide attempts and neuro-electrophysiological biomarkers may influence decision-making in suicidality  Ex. Killing oneself over something minor

Answer 17

unpredictable suicidal behavior can occur in predictable systems, with minor or major environmental events triggering suicide

Answer 18

o Rational suicide involves choosing death to escape incurable, painful illnesses or calamities, considering the impact on others and making a reasoned decision

Answer 19

o Everstine’s view contrasts with Freud and Durkheim, suggesting suicide stems from external rage aimed at revenge and punishing a significant other  Ex. If you break up with me, I will kill myself  I’ll hurt myself to hurt you (BPD frequent

Answer 20

 More perturbation -> more lethality -> greater chance of suicide  Ex. Apartment floods, boyfriend dumps you, trump is elected (everything is going wrong)

Answer 21

o Ludic suicides involve proving oneself in extreme ordeals or games, like Russian roulette, where death is a potential outcome of the challenge  Ex. Duels

Answer 22

o Oblative suicides are sacrificial aiming for transcendence, exemplified by Buddhist monks self-immolating or drugs users overdosing for spiritual encounters

Answer 23

like lack of social support, biological suicide, propensity, psychiatric disorders, personality issues, and family history, increasing suicide potential with overlap

Answer 24

o Parasuicide involves acts not directly lethal but can habituate one to the pain necessary to kill themselves by inflecting hesitation wounds including self-injury and risky behavior  Working self-up to kill yourself, trying to get rid of fear  Ex. Driving super-fast, standing on the ledge of high areas

Answer 25

o Disrupted early-life attachment affects adult relationships and may lead to PV  Unhealthy relationship with partners at young age

Answer 26

o Conjugal or intimate terrorism is akin to brainwashing, where abusers use extreme tactics such as physical isolation, torture, and sleep deprivation to break victims’ resistance  Brainwashing and manipulation tactics to keep dependent on abuser  Sociopathic tendencies

Answer 27

o Sociological theories attribute PV roots to societal attitudes and structures, extending from national interests to family dynamics  America promotes violence

Answer 28

o Abusers leverage their power as long as the benefits outweigh the costs  Abusers hit people because they can  Partner is too weak  Ex. Diddy (wealth)

Answer 29

o It identifies PV as a product of patriarchal systems and broader societal oppression  Ex. man is bossed around all day, goes home to boss around wife and kids

Answer 30

o The theory highlights the role of psychopathology and neurophysiological disorders in PV  Drugs, PTSD, etc.  BLPD with sociopaths/narcissists

Answer 31

o Victims feel incapable of leaving due to learned helplessness from continuous abuse  They do not know what to do without that person

Answer 32

o A psychoanalytic theory held that erotic enjoyment of pain through battering is a treat found in abused women, is now largely debunked and obsolete  No research support

Answer 33

o This theory integrates multiple layers of factors – individual, family, community, and societal, to explain PV

Answer 34

o Victims stay in abusive relationships due to invested time, energy, emotion, and shame  Ex. cultural divorce rate (India: 1% of married couples divorce)  Shame to themselves and to their family  Wishful thinking: “I can fix him”

Answer 35

o Victims develop affection for their abusers, possibly as a survival or appeasement strategy  A small act of kindness in a dire situation can feel like a lot  “You don’t know him like I do”

Answer 36

o Limited access to external support enhances the victim’s vulnerability  Ex. house in the middle of nowhere

Answer 37

o Marginalized groups’ fear of retribution hinders PV reporting

Answer 38

o Characterized by high dependency and poor communication

Answer 39

o Marked by fears of abandonment and a history of parental rejection

Answer 40

o Exhibits profound aggression and impulsive behavior o Most intense type

Answer 41

o Shows moderate levels of violence and antisocial behavior o Antisocial TENDENCIES (not disorder)

Answer 42

reacting to a loss

Answer 43

the period after a loss during which grief and mourning occurs

Answer 44

process by which people adapt to loss (influenced by cultural beliefs) o Period of mourning looks different for everyone

Answer 45

occurs when societal norms prevent open grieving, affecting various relationships and causing internalized grief

Answer 46

a communal expression of grief dictated by cultural norms, applicable to both death and nondeath losses o Communal experience o American ex. crying, color black, visiting the graveyard

Answer 47

do not discuss death

Answer 48

trying to live as long as possible o Ex. diet, medical care, working out, etc.

Answer 49

celebration of life, death is freely discussed

Answer 50

o God is in control; I am not in control o I need someone to be in control. Therefore, God is real o Atheists use science to explain control

Answer 51

o Model describes grief as having 5 stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This model is popular but lacks empirical validation

Answer 52

o Focuses on the griever’s relationship with the deceased and the need to detach emotionally, but its linear phase approach is contested  Not always wanting to detach, they can still move on  Not culturally inclusive (emotional bond with dead)

Answer 53

o 8-Stage holistic model promoting personal growth through stress, loss, and grief,  Emphasizing the positive aspects of trauma recovery (I can get something valuable through grief)

Answer 54

o Model features two components: loss orientation, focusing on the loss itself, and restoration orientation adapting to life changes

Answer 55

 Intuitive people -> emotional  Instrumental people -> problem solve (even loss everyone needs a balance of both of these

Answer 56

 Assimilate -> keep schema, change the understanding of loss to fit the schema  Accommodate -> Change schema to fit understanding

Answer 57

purpose that male peer aggression and female submission are part of the norm and justification for violent sexual interactions

Answer 58

- Male offenders may exhibit hostility, aggression, and hypermasculine self-views, often feeling weak and anxious underneath. They often view women as sexual objects, have control issues, and may engage in sadistic patterns during rape

Test 2 Flashcards

(82 cards)