Test 2:18

Question 1

why can estrus be missed in a horse

Answer 1

• some mares only show for very short time
• suboptimal conditions
• people detecting do not know what to look for

Question 2

signs of estrus in horse

Answer 2

splayed legs
tail lifted to the side
relaxed ears and neck
flex one forelimb and look backwards

Question 3

what is incest avoidance

Answer 3

given a choice, mare will breed with the most distantly related stallion

Question 4

if horse has performance issues when in estrus, will they improve during the winter

Answer 4

not really, during winter in anestrus= no progesterone

this lack of progesterone can make them receptive (estrus like)

Question 5

weird behavior of mare with granulosa cell tumor

Answer 5

smell stallion pee
step over it and pee again

Question 6

how to supress estrous cycle in mares

Answer 6

• progesterone
• glass marbles no longer used
• oxytocin to prolonged CL
• ovariectomy
• PGF2a, hCG
• long acting tranquilizers

Question 7

normal mare behavior with foal

Answer 7

• attention to the foal
• avoiding walking or lying on neonate
• allowing/facilitating nursing
• protection

Question 8

how to stimulate foal to suckle

Answer 8

stimulate perineum/anus

Question 9

when does selective bonding occur in horses

Answer 9

mares- several hours-24 hrs
foals- takes longer- 2-3 days

Question 10

what is tending

Answer 10

mare will stay next to foal that is laying down and eat/graze around the foal
* protecting foal

Question 11

6 behaviors of “rejecting a foal”

Answer 11

• simple ambivalence
• normally strong protectiveness- got scared and accidently hurt foal
• fear of neonate
• nursing only problems
• savage attack
• stealing neonate

Question 12

how to hand rear a foal

Answer 12

• minimize human contact
• bucket feeding
• maximum normal social behavior with other horse/donkey/goat

Question 13

normal sexual behavior of stallion for hand-breeding

Answer 13

• immediate interest in mare
• vocalization, nuzzling, flehman
• erection within 2 mins
• 6-8 thusts to ejaculation
• mare usually walks out to dismount