What state and material is the outer core of the earth made of?
The outer core is a solid and it’s made of metal
What state and material is the mantle of earth made of?
The mantle is a liquid and it’s made of rock
What state and material is the crust of the earth made of?
The crust is a solid and made of rock
What state and material is the inner core core of the earth made of?
The inner core is a liquid and made of metal
What is the name of parts the make up the earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
(Outside - inside)
What is continental drift?
The gradual movement over time of continents across the earth surface / the movement of tectonic plates
What is the danger of continental drift / what does it cause?
Continental drift causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to the slow grinding of plates over time
What does active volcano mean?
Active means currently erupting / has erupted in recent times
What does dormant volcano mean?
Dormant means not presently erupting but likely to erupt in the future
What does extinct volcano mean?
Extinct means the volcano will not and cannot erupt again
Name some hazards of volcanoes…
Pyroclastic flows
Lahars
Ash/dust
Lava bombs
What are pyroclastic flows?
Pyroclastic flow is a dangerous and fast moving current of hot gas and volcanic debris that flows down the slopes of a volcano
(They are caused by explosive eruptions)
What is a lahar?
A lahar is a volcanic mud flow, a fast moving, destructive, mixture of volcanic debris
(like ash, rock fragments, ice and water)
What are lava bombs?
Lava bombs are large rounded or elongated pieces of molten rock (tephra) ejected from a volcano during an eruption
Name a few benefits of volcanoes…
They can provide building materials
Minerals
Health benefits
Fertile soils
Tourism
Geothermal energy to power things
What are active volcanos often near?
Plate boundary’s
How did the eruption of Eyjafjallajökul affect the people of Iceland?
They couldn’t go outside due to volcanic ash
There were no flights going in or out of Iceland
And many people had to be evacuated from their homes/towns because it was too dangerous.
Medical drugs were unable to be transported
Where is the volcano Eyjafjallajökul located on?
(in terms of the plates)
It’s between the North American and Eurasian plate in the mid Atlantic ridge
What caused the Eyjafjallajökul eruption?
The two plates it’s between have slowly moved apart causing the magma chamebers to fill with lava leading to the eruption
What damage did the Eyjafjallajökul eruption do to its surroundings?
It formed a giant ash cloud leading to everything near being covered by large quantity’s of ash also effecting the air quality surrounding it
It got into the pools and caused local flooding
It caused glacial meltwater floods where the ice/snow on the volcanos surface melted and mixed with mud and lava leading to dangerous mudflows that destroy everything in its path
Name the things involved with an earthquake…
Plate boundary’s
Seismic waves
And a focus + epicentre where it starts from
What impact do earthquakes have on developed countries compared to developing?
Developed countries have more preparations for earthquakes like certain stronger building structures only a small majority are killed by the earthquakes and the emergency services arrive faster to save people with more advanced medicine
What impact do earthquakes have on developing countries compared to developed?
Developing countries kill way more than developed due to lack of safety mechanisms emergency services arrived much slower and couldn’t save as many people due to limited resources more death happen in areas with buildings due to their un shake proof buildings
What is a conservative (transform) plate in terms of an earthquake?
Where the plates each move opposite directions from each other and rub against each other / cause friction to cause an earthquake
