Test 2 Additional questions

Question 0

What is meant by Thrust fault?

Answer 0

When layers of rock collide and one layer is “thrusted” over the other resulting in the exposure of very old rock at the surface.

Question 1

What is meant by melange?

Answer 1

Term describing disruption of rock at subduction zone where one peice of crust is consumed by another

Question 2

How was the omnicea formed?

Answer 2

Result of a plate collision where high pressures metamorphosed huge masses of granite and igneous rock.

Question 3

whats a fault?

Answer 3

Where tectonic plates collide

Question 4

Which reacts more violently to acid? Limestone or DOLOMITE?

Answer 4

limestone

Question 5

What is meant by aphanitic?

Answer 5

Fine grained

Question 6

What is meant by phaneritic?

Answer 6

coarse grain

Question 7

What is meant by poryphyritic

Answer 7

Large crystals locked together with smaller crystals

Question 8

What is meant by pyroclastic?

Answer 8

Composites of ejected volcanic fragments

Question 9

What two groups are sedimentary rocks separated into?

explain the basis of differentiation

Answer 9

Clastic - composed of fragments from pre-existing material

Chemical Precipitate - minerals Precipitate out of water and settle to the bottom

Question 10

What are the two types of micas?

Answer 10

Biotite - ferro magnesium
Muscovite - non ferro magnesium
Form at cooler temperatures

Question 11

What are the two types of feldspar?

Differentiate

Answer 11

Orthoclase - Pink colour - non striated

Plagioclase - light or dark - striated

Question 12

What is the texture of extrusive rocks?

What about intrusive?

Answer 12

Extrusive - Aphanitic

Intrusive - Phaneritic

Question 13

What are the macro nutrients that come from the atmosphere?

Rocks?

Answer 13

H,C,O,N

P,K,Ca,Mg,S

Question 14

Name some micro nutrients

Answer 14

Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo

Question 15

What is andesite?

Answer 15

• Fine grain
• Igneous Extrusive
• Mainly plagioclase with other minerals like hornblende/pyroxine/biotite

Question 16

What is Rhyolite?

Answer 16

• Light coloured
• igneous extrusive
• Similar to granite in composition (Quartz+Feldspar)

Question 17

What is Basalt?

Answer 17

• Igneous extrusive
• Fine grain
• Dark colour
• Formed by quick cooling of magma at surface of earth
• Similar to Gabbro in composition (plagioclase/pyroxine/olivine)

Question 18

What is Obsidian?

Answer 18

• Igneous extrusive

- forms when molten rock cools so rapidly that atoms do not have time to arrange themselves into crystal structure

Question 19

What is Gabbro?

Answer 19

• Igneous intrusive
• black/dark green
• similar composition to basalt but forms deeper (Plagioclase/augite/olivine)

Question 20

What is Granite?

Answer 20

• Igneous intrusive
• Mainly quartz and feldspar
• Slow cooling of lava beneath earths crust

Question 21

What is Diorite?

Answer 21

• Igneous intrusive
• light colour
• similar to andesite but formed deeper in the earth
• (plagioclase/biotite/hornblende)

Question 22

What is limestone?

Answer 22

• Clastic sedimentary

- Formed primarily from the organic accumulation of shell and coral debris

Question 23

What is conglomerate?

Answer 23

• Clastic sedimentary

- Composed of compacted/lithified gravel size fragments of weathered material

Question 24

What is Dolomite?

Answer 24

- Sedimentary chemical precipitate - Similar to limestone but less reactive to acid - Light colour - reacts with acid

Question 25

What is sandstone?

Answer 25

- Clastic sedimentary | - accumulation and lithification of sand sized particles

Question 26

What is Shale?

Answer 26

- Clastic sedimentary - Accumulation and lithification of clay sizes weathering debris - generally dark colour

Question 27

What is siltstone?

Answer 27

- Clastic sedimentary | - accumulation and lithification of silt sized weathering debris

Question 28

Differentiate conglomerate and breccia

Answer 28

conglomerate has rounded fragments breccia has angular fragments -Both clastic sedimentary

Question 29

What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer 29

Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been subjected to intense heat and pressure by tectonic activity or contact with lava

Question 30

What two groups can metamorphic rocks be split into?

Answer 30

``` foliated and non foliated foliated -slate -phyllite -schist -Gneiss Non foliated -quartzite -marble -metaconglomerate ```

Question 31

What is gneiss?

Answer 31

- foliated metamorphic | - metamorphosed granite (feldspar/quartz)

Question 32

What is quartzite?

Answer 32

- non foliated metamorphic | - metamorphosed sandstone

Question 33

What is marble?

Answer 33

- non foliated metamorphic rock | - metamorphosed limestone

Question 34

What is schist?

Answer 34

- Foliated metamorphic | - metamorphosed from basalt or shale

Question 35

What is slate?

Answer 35

- foliated metamorphic | - metamorphosed shale

Question 36

What groups are silicate rfms separated into?

Answer 36

``` Ferro-magnesium -olivine -pyroxine(augite) -Hornblende(amphibole) -biotite Non Ferro magnesium -Muscovite -orthoclase -plagioclase -quartz ```

Question 37

What does hardness refer to?

Answer 37

a measure of the mohs scale from 1-7 | -measure of resistance to abrasion

Question 38

What are optical properties?

Answer 38

refers to the way that light passes through an object - Opaque - light does not pass through - Translucent - light passes through with low clarity - Transparent - light passes through clearly

Question 39

What is specific gravity?

Answer 39

ratio of mineral mass to equal mass of water

Question 40

What are the 5 RFM groups? | give examples if possible

Answer 40

``` Silicates - pyroxine, hornblende, biotite Oxides - hematite, magnetite Sulfides - pyrite, galena Sulphates - Gypsum Carbonates - Calcite ```

Question 41

What is Bowens Reaction Series?

Answer 41

Bowens reaction series is a chart that refers to the specific temperatures that minerals will precipitate from magma. - Calcic - hottest - Plagioclase - medium - Sodic - coolest

Question 42

What are 5 essential mineral characteristics?

Answer 42

- Naturally occurring - Non organic - Solid - Definite atomic structure - Definite chemical composition

Question 43

What is cleavage?

Answer 43

Refers to how a crystal will separate based on internal planes of weakness - either basal (perpendicular) or prismatic (parralell) to face of crystal. - not all have cleavage

Question 44

What is a streak plate made of?

Answer 44

white porcelain

Question 45

What is lustre? | most common?

Answer 45

Refers to the way that light reflects off an object | -vitreous (glasslike) is most common