Test 2 (Chapter 3)

Question 1

What is the term for a measure of how much hep a machine provides?

Answer 1

mechanical advantage

Question 2

What is the space relative to which motion is measured?

Answer 2

frame of reference

Question 3

What is a simple machine consisting of a wheel over which a rope or cable passes?

Answer 3

pulley

Question 4

The center-seeking force that cause an object to travel in a curved path is called ___.

Answer 4

centripetal force

Question 5

What is Newton’s 1st law of motion?

Answer 5

the velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force

Question 6

Newton’s second law of motion

Answer 6

Question 7

Whose teachings dominated scientific thought for almost two thousand years?

Answer 7

Aristotle

Question 8

What SI unit is used to measure power?

Answer 8

watt

Question 9

What type of quantity consists of only a magnitude, with no direction?

Answer 9

scalar

Question 10

What is the study of motion and forces?

Answer 10

dynamics

Question 11

What is the output distance of a screw?

Answer 11

distance between two adjacent threads (pitch)

Question 12

What is a combination of one or more fixed pulleys and one or more movable pulleys called?

Answer 12

block and tackle

Question 13

What type of friction affects a sliding object already in motion?

Answer 13

kinetic (friction)

Question 14

the rate of doing work

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the SI unit of work?

Answer 15

joule

Question 16

What would be a good way to increase the efficiency of a machine?

Answer 16

reduce the friction of the machine

Question 17

What term do physicists use to refer to any change in velocity

Answer 17

acceleration

Question 18

What quantity of motion is defined as the product of an object’s mass and velocity?

Answer 18

momentum

Question 19

Answer 19

Newton’s second law of motion

Question 20

What type of friction affects stationary objects, preventing them from moving?

Answer 20

static friction

Question 21

The distance an object travels per unit of time is ___.

Answer 21

speed

Question 22

the magnitude of kinetic friction force

Answer 22

Question 23

Who discovered the laws of motion and gravitation, laying the foundation for much of modern physical science?

Answer 23

Isaac Newton

Question 24

What is the velocity at which air resistance stops a falling object from accelerating?

Answer 24

terminal velocity

Question 25

Together, the branches of physics discovered before 1900 are called

Answer 25

classical physics

Question 26

What branch of physics addresses the effects of forces on matter?

Answer 26

mechanics

Question 27

the ideal mechanical advantage of a screw

Answer 27

Question 28

The measure of how well a machine converts input work to output work is ___.

Answer 28

efficiency

Question 29

What is the term for devices used to multiply force for the purpose of doing work?

Answer 29

machines

Question 30

Answer 30

the measure of how quickly an object moves

Question 31

What is the rate of doing work?

Answer 31

power

Question 32

What is Newton's 2nd law of motion?

Answer 32

the force required to accelerate an object at a certain rate equals the object's mass times the desired acceleration

Question 33

The simple machine which is like an inclined plane that modifies the applied force and directs it to the side is the ___.

Answer 33

wedge

Question 34

Name three forms of assistance that a simple machine can provide?

Answer 34

multiply an applied force, multiply the distance of a force moves something, change the direction of a force

Question 35

Answer 35

the momentum of an object

Question 36

Describe the relationship between work and energy.

Answer 36

work is the transfer of energy from one object to another by a force

Question 37

the weight of an object found using Newton's second law and gravity

Answer 37

Question 38

calculating energy transferred from one object to another by force

Answer 38

Question 39

the relationship between free-fall distance and the acceleration of gravity

Answer 39

Question 40

the general formula for mechanical advantage under ideal conditions

Answer 40

Question 41

What principle states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Answer 41

Newton's third law of motion

Question 42

What quantity represents any change in an object's position?

Answer 42

scalar

Question 43

What simple machine is a sloping surface that allows an object to be raised without being lifted straight up?

Answer 43

inclined plan

Question 44

Answer 44

calculating energy transferred from one object to another by force

Question 45

the measure of how well a machine converts input into output work

Answer 45

Question 46

What device is considered a circular lever and can be used to multiply distance, speed, or force?

Answer 46

wheel and axle

Question 47

Answer 47

the relationship between free-fall distance and the acceleration of gravity

Question 48

An object that hangs from a fixed point and swings back and forth because of gravity is a(n) ___.

Answer 48

pendulum

Question 49

What is the attractive force that exists between any two bodies and is caused by their mass?

Answer 49

gravitational force

Question 50

What is Newton's 3rd law of motion?

Answer 50

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 51

What principle states that the velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force?

Answer 51

Newton's first law of motion

Question 52

What is any mathematical quantity that has both magnitude and direction?

Answer 52

vector

Question 53

Answer 53

the weight of an object found using Newton's second law and gravity

Question 54

the measure of how quickly an object moves

Answer 54

Question 55

the momentum of an object

Answer 55

Question 56

How are levers classified?

Answer 56

arrangement of the input arm, output ar, and fulcrum