Test 3: 40

Question 1

common signs of respiratory distress

Answer 1

• Increased respiratory rate and effort (tachypnea)
• Noisy breathing (stridor and stertor)
• Coughing
• Extended head and neck
• Unable to lie down, elbows abducted
• Paradoxical breathing pattern
• Open mouth breathing, glazed expression
• Lateral recumbency/agonal breathing efforts

Question 2

common signs of upper airway disease

Answer 2

• Increased respiratory rate and effort
• Nasal discharge
• Decreased/absent nasal airflow
• Loud upper airway sounds – stridor or stertor?
• Tracheal sensitivity
• Coughing

Question 3

how to stabilize upper airway disease

Answer 3

• Oxygen therapy : cage
• Intravenous access
• SEDATION
• Consider anti-inflammatory dose of steroids for edema (0.05 mg/kg Dex SP)
• Evaluate rectal temperature for hyperthermia→Institute cooling measures

Question 4

clinical signs of lower airway disease

Answer 4

• Increased respiratory rate and effort
• Coughing
• Increased expiratory effort
• Wheezes (CATS!)
• Loud/coarse crackles (dogs)

Question 5

how to stabilize lower airway disease

Answer 5

oxygen therapy
IV access
bronchodilation: terbutaline
steroid: dexamethasone

Question 6

clinical signs of parenchymal disease

Answer 6

• Increased respiratory rate and effort
• Increased lung sounds
• Coughing
• Fine end-inspiratory crackles?
• May be from pus (pneumonia), hemorrhage, edema
• Cardiac auscultation: Is there a cardiac murmur /arrhythmia, gallop in cats

Question 7

emergency stabilization of parenchymal disease

Answer 7

oxygen therapy
IV catheter
if from CHF: consider lasix

Question 8

if there is pleural space disease where will you hear dull sounds

Answer 8

Air: dull sounds dorsally
Fluid: dull sounds ventrally
Mass/Organs: sounds variable

Question 9

clinical signs of chest wall/diaphragm disease

Answer 9

Is the diaphragm moving synchronously
Is the thorax moving synchronously?
Are there masses or deformities?

Question 10

what are some things that look like respiratory distress

Answer 10

• Shock
• Metabolic acidosis
• Hyperthermia
• Hypoglycemia
• Pain
• Fear/Stress

Question 11

Answer 11