test 3 - shorter things

Question 1

Francis Pegahmagabaw

Answer 1

• most decorated indigenous soldier
• Ojibwa from Parry island reserve

Question 2

Tommy Prince

Answer 2

• silver star in WW2 - most decorated
• Peguis

Question 3

indigenous people within the Canadian criminal justice system - 2020 federal study found:

Answer 3

• 3x more likely to go to jail than non-indigenous Canadians
• indigenous men accounted for 30.4% of individuals in federal custody
• women - 42% of all women in custody

Question 4

criminal justice system - urgent calls for action/recommendations

Answer 4

• transfer resources and responsibilities to indigenous groups for custody and supervision of indigenous offenders
• appoint deputy commissioner
• increase access and availability of culturally relevant correctional programming
• clarify and enhance role of indigenous elders working with offenders

Question 5

MMIWG - national inquiry

Answer 5

• concrete and effective action that can be taken to remove systemic causes of violence and to increase safety of indigenous women and girls in Canada
• ways to honor and commemorate the missing and murdered
• reported that between 1998-2000, rate of homicide was 7x higher than of non-indigenous
• rates unheard of for other demographics

Question 6

Indian Act reforms

Answer 6

• until early 1970s - gov. had right to make unilateral decisions involving indigenous people
• 1973 - Canadian gov. started recognizing indigenous land claims

Question 7

assembly of first nations - view on land claims process

Answer 7

• indigenous laws much be part of land claims process
• not just about money
• equality, culture, languages

Question 8

treaty land entitlement

Answer 8

• treaties = not all FN received full amount of land
• unoccupied crown land set aside toward settling TLE obligations
• many FN didn’t receive land they were entitled to - later signed Natural Resources Transfers Acts - responsibility of land shifted to MB, SK, AB

Question 9

TLE - schedule 1 of constitution act

Answer 9

unoccupied crown land set aside toward settling TLE obligations

Question 10

impact of hydro dams

Answer 10

• changed water levels - flooding & disruptions of waterways
• effected hunting, fishing, trapping, sacred sites
• fish population crashed
• dangerous to travel
• bad quality of water

Question 11

northern flood agreement

Answer 11

• must compensate, address land rights before building anything

Question 12

Oka crisis

Answer 12

• violent standoff when Quebec wanted townhouse development and golf course built on Mohawk land
• federal government disputed land from developer for 5.3 million
• 14 y/o stabbed
• lands included burial grounds
• led to Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples

Question 13

idle no more

Answer 13

• grassroots movement
• started by 4 women - 3 indigenous & 1 non
• chief Teresa Spence fast - Dec 2012
• peaceful, inclusive
• Canada day = orange shirt day

Question 14

Lubicon Cree

Answer 14

• missed in treaty 8
• 1939 Indian affairs promised a new reserve - never happened

Question 15

Nunavut land claim settlement

Answer 15

• largest land claim settlement in Canada’s history
• involved surrender of aboriginal title of Inuit
• 1.17 billion over 14 years
• new territory created - style of public government
• housing shortages & rising fuel costs - resulting in labor unrest, youth suicide rate highest in the world

Question 16

Murray Sinclair

Answer 16

• first indigenous judge in MB court system
• headed reconstituted commission after 2 chairs of truth and reconciliation commission stepped down

Question 17

truth and reconciliation commission

Answer 17

• focuses on compensating survivors of residential schools
• promotes healing
• gathered statements/testimonies of students/families