Test 4 (Chapter 17)

Question 1

Gamete Formation

Answer 1

46xx (female) or 4bxy (male) determines male or female

Question 2

Haploid Cells

Answer 2

23 chromosomes from male i female unit to create human (46 chromosomes) 23+23=46

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

only occurs in non-reproductive cells 2 identical daughter cells

Question 4

Meiosis

Answer 4

occurs in reproductive (germ) cells 4 unique haploid ‘daughter cells’

Question 5

Stage 2 of meiosis

Answer 5

isn’t complete in an oocyte until fertilization occurs

Question 6

Implantation

Answer 6

corpus luteum helps prep the endometrium for implantation

Question 7

Blastocyst differentiation

Answer 7

Trophoblast : thin outer layer gives rise to embryonic portion of placenta

Question 8

Blastocele

Answer 8

fluid-filled cavity; becomes the yolk sac

Question 9

Embryoblast

Answer 9

becomes baby inner cell mass develops into the embryo

Question 10

Fertilization

Answer 10

occurs in the ampulla of fallopian tube 24-36 hours after ovulation

Question 11

One Sperm

Answer 11

must break through the Corona radiata ¿ Zona Pellucida activated

Question 12

Zona Pellucida

Answer 12

prevents other sperm from entering egg fertilize the egg

Question 13

Conceptus

Answer 13

doesn’t move through fallopian tube= ectopic pregnancy

Question 14

Fertilization stages

Answer 14

1). Fertilization 2). Zygote (24 hours) 3). Two-Cell stage (30 hours) 4). Four-Cell Stage (day 2) 5). Blastocyst (day 4-5) what implants into uterus 6) implantation of blastocyst (day 6)

Question 15

Decidua

Answer 15

reaction for fertilization to occur 3 layers: Decidua Basalis, Decidua Capsularis, Decidua Parietalis

Question 16

Decidua Basalis

Answer 16

area of endometrium that forms maternal portion directly surrounds placenta

Question 17

Decidua Capsularis

Answer 17

encloses the developing embryo

Question 18

Decidua Parietalis

Answer 18

lines remainder of endometrial cavity not near placenta or embryo

Question 19

If pregnancy occurs

Answer 19

endometrium stays decidualized becomes the ‘decidua’→ receptive to implantation

Question 20

Implantation timing

Answer 20

occurs 6 days after fertilization: occurs 4-10 days

Question 21

Trophoblast cells differentiation

Answer 21

Cytotrophoblast: inner mass helps to establish blood flow to placenta by invading

Question 22

Syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 22

outer mass produces pregnancy hormone hCG burrows into endometrial surface produces more progesterone

Question 23

Development Of Placenta

Answer 23

Chronic villi project from blastocyst into the decidua

Question 24

Maternal blood flow

Answer 24

flows into spaces between villi j fetal capillaries for umbilical vein

Question 25

Oxygen and nutrients

Answer 25

pass from maternal blood → fetal capillaries

Question 26

Fetal wastes

Answer 26

pass → maternal circulation

Question 27

Placenta produces

Answer 27

hCG → Quantitative & Qualitative measures not formed until 12 weeks

Question 28

Pregnancy hormone

Answer 28

Estrogen Progesterone

Question 29

Beta hCG Levels

Answer 29

doubles everyday when pregnant from week 3.5-5

Question 30

After 6 weeks gestational levels

Answer 30

are lower

Question 31

Levels peak

Answer 31

between 8-12 weeks post LMP

Question 32

Pos. pregnancy test

Answer 32

Qualitative

Question 33

Blastocyst evolves into

Answer 33

Epiblast & Hypoblast

Question 34

Embryonic disc

Answer 34

contain 3 germ Cell layers

Question 35

By 10 weeks gestation

Answer 35

embryo has all organs most vulnerable

Question 36

Epiblast

Answer 36

part of the embryonic disc

Question 37

Hypoblast

Answer 37

part of the embryonic disc

Question 38

Ectoderm

Answer 38

part of the embryonic disc

Question 39

Mesoderm

Answer 39

part of the embryonic disc

Question 40

Endoderm

Answer 40

part of the embryonic disc

Question 41

Blastocyst when implanted

Answer 41

Blastocyst with bilaminar embryonic disc

Question 42

Gastrulation