1
Q
Knitting
A
The process of converting a yarn into knit fabrics
2
Q
Knitted Fabric
A
Formed by the interlooping of yarns
3
Q
What oops make up a Knit Fabric
A
Whale (Vertical), and Courses (Horizontal)
4
Q
What are examples of end uses of Knit Fabrics (5 examples)
A
swimwear, sweaters, tops, underwear, jackets
5
Q
Worldwide production of knit fabrics
A
31%
6
Q
Weft Knit
A
loops that are formed from weft yarns and are knitted across the fabric width
7
Q
Warp Knit
A
loops that are formed from warp yarns and knitted across the fabric length
8
Q
How is the warp knit formed
A
from a warp sheet
9
Q
How is a Warp loop formed
A
Formed from a warp end
10
Q
How is the Weft knit formed
A
formed from wound packages
11
Q
Warp Knit Subclassification
A
Tricot, Raschel
12
Q
Weft Knit Subclassifications
A
Flat, Circular
13
Q
Flat subclassifications
A
V-Bed, Purl, Single Bed
14
Q
Circular Classifications
A
Single Knit, Double Knit Speciality
15
Q
Wale
A
Vertical Column of intermeshed loops produced by a needle at a successive knitting cycle
16
Q
Number of Wales equals
A
Number of needles
17
Q
Course
A
Horizontal row loops
are produced by adjacent needles during knitting cycle
18
Q
Wale density
A
The number of wales in a knit fabric per unit width
19
Q
Course density
A
The number of courses in a knit fabric per unit fabric length
20
Q
Loop/Stitch Density
A
The number of loops in a knit fabric area
21
Q
How is loop/stitch density measured
A
warp times density
22
Q
Course length
A
the straight length of the yarn required to form one course of a knitted fabric
23
Q
How is the course length measured
A
by unraveling the yarn of a course out of the fabric and is measured by removing the crimp without stretching the yarns
24
Q
Loop Length
A
The straight length of yarn required to form one loop. The loop length is determined by dividing the course length by the number of wales
25
Machine Gauge
The number of needles/unit length
26
The smaller the figure =
The courser the loop
27
Weft Knitting Elements
- Needles
- Sinkers
- Cams
- Yarn Feeders
28
Needle Types
- Latch Needles
- Spring Needles
- Compound Needles
29
Latch Needle
The latch of the swinging part that closes the hook of the needle as it pulls the yarns through the loop to form a new loop
30
Two parts of a Compound Needle
Hook Element
Tongue Element
31
Where is the compound needle used in
V-bed, Tricot, and Raschel knitting machines
32
What type of movement does the compound needle have
Short movement that provides higher operational stability
33
Disadvantages of Compund Needle
- extra cam needed
- expensive
- course gauge
34
Sinkers control what?
The fabric movement during needle movement
35
Sinkers
Thin steel elements places between each pair of needles
36
Latch Needle Knitting Actions
1. Running
2. Clearing
3. Feeding
4. Knockover
5. Loop Pulling
6. Running
37
38
Cams
Move the needles during the knitting action
39
Beard (Spring) Needle Knitting Actions
1. Resting
2. Running
3. Feeding
4. Landing and Knockover
5. Loop pulling
6. Rsting
40
Resting Position Function (Beard Knitting)
The needle is at the start of knitting cycle with the previously formed loop held on its stem at the hook zone
41
Running Position (Bearded Needle, Compound Needle)
The needle is raised so that the previously formed loop is on the stem below the hook zone
42
Feeding Position (Bearded Needle, Compound Needle)
The new yarn is fed to the needle hook above the old loop
43
Landing and Knockover Positions (Bearded, Compund Needle)
The hook closes on the new loop, the old loop lands on the closed hook, and as the needle lowers, the old loop slides off and joins the fabric.
44
Loop Pulling Position (Bearded, Compund Needle Needle)
The new loop is pulled through the old loop
45
Resting Position End of Cycle (Bearded Needle)
The needle goes back to the resting position to start a new knitting cycle
46
Compound Needle Knitting Actions
1. Running
2. Feeding
3. Landing
4. Knock Over
5. Loop Pulling
47
Types of Loops in Weft Knit
Knit Loop, Tuck Loop, Float Loop
48
Knit Loop
Needle forms a new loop
49
Tuck Loop
Needle received a new loop without losing the old loop
50
Float (Miss) Loop
Needle holds the old loop and does not receive a new feed
51
Formation of Float Loop
The old loop is kept in the hook zone and feeding is missed
52
When is the float loop used
When hiding a yarn of a specific color is needed to produce a colored design such as single jersey Jacquard
53
what is the maximum amount of needles for a float loop
4-6 needles
54
Maximum amount of tucks for a Tuck Loop
4-6 tucks
55
When does snagging occur for tuck needles
4-6 adjacent needles
56
Tuck Stitch fabric properties (compared to knit loop)
- makes fabric wider
- makes fabric thicker
- makes fabric slightly less extensible
57
Float Stitch fabric properties (compared to knit loop)
- makes fabric narrower
- makes fabric thinner
- makes fabric much less extensible
58
Weft Knitting Notation
Simple method to present knit designs and avoid time-consuming complex drawings and/or long descriptions that may cause confusion
59
Two types of notation systems are commonly used in weft knitting
- Diagrammatic Notation (pointed paper)
- Symbolic Notation (square paper)
60
Gating
This term is used when two sets of needles are used. it shows the positions of needles of first set relative to needles of second set
61
Four basic Knit designs
Plain Jersey, Rib, Interlock, Purl
62
Which of the four basic knits are single knits
Plain Jersey
63
Which of the four basic knits are double knits
Rib, Interlock, and Purl
64
How many sets of needles does rib knit require
two sets
65
How many needles does Interlock knit require
two sets with alternate short and long needles
66
What kind of machines do Purl knits require
machines with two sets of needles and loop transfer mechanism
67
How are weft knit designs derived
Derived from basic knit designs by combining face knit, back knit, tuck, and float loops
68
How is Single Jersey Produced
single bed flat machines or single jersey circular machines
69
Appearance of Single Jerseys
different appearance front and back
70
Stretch properties of single jersey
Good crosswise and lengthwise elongation.
71
How does single jersey unravel?
Unravels from both the top and the bottom.
72
Curling behavior of single jersey
Curls toward the technical face.
73
Thickness rule for single jersey
Fabric thickness is 2 × the diameter.
74
Direction of runs in single jersey
Runs occur in the wale direction.
75
Jersey Knit Variation
- Printing
- using different colors yarns in the courses
- using fancy yarns
- modified jersey structures using tuck and float loops
76
How are rib knits characterized
by a vertical rib design on both sides of the fabric
77
Rib knit apparence
may or may not be the same appearance on both sides
78
Stretch of Rib Knits
excellent crosswise elongation/extensibility
79
Curling Behavior of Rib
Rib Knits do not curl
80
How rib knits unravel
Unravel from the top only
81
Rib Knit Variation
- Interlock
- half cardigan
- full cardigan
- Milano rib
- Roma Rib
82
What are purl fabrics
Fabrics where wales contain face and back knit loops
83
How are Purl Knitting Machines layout
two sets of needles + loop transfer mechanism
84
Appearance characteristics of purl fabrics
Semicircular loops appear on both sides
85
Extensibility of purl fabrics compared to jersey
Purl fabrics are twice as extensible in the length direction compared to jersey.
86
Curling behavior of purl fabrics
Purl fabrics do not curl.
87
How do purl fabrics unravel?
They unravel from both the top and the bottom of the fabric.
88
What happens if a yarn is cut in a purl fabric?
A run will occur in the wale direction from either end (top or bottom).
89
Thickness of purl fabrics compared to jersey
Purl fabrics are 2–3 times thicker than jersey fabrics.
90
Direction of runs in rib knits
Runs occur in the wale direction.
91
Thickness of rib knits
About 2× as thick as jersey.
92
Warp Beams
Warp yarns are supplied in the form of section beams
93
Guide Bars
A guide bar contains guides that wrap warp yarns around the needles during knitting actions.
94
Needle Bar
Contain needles mounted across the machine width.
95
Sinker Bar
Contains sinkers mounted across machine width
96
Guides in a guide bar are given “lapping movement” to wrap yarns around needles. This occurs as a result of two separate motions:
A swinging motion
A lateral motion
97
The lateral motion “shog” is controlled by
pattern chain that is formed from links and mounted around pattern drum.
98
How is Overlap Prodoced
produced by swinging the guide bar and shog it over the needle hook
99
How is underlap produced
when a guide bar is shogged under the needles
100
Loops are termed as ____in warp knitting.
Laps
101
A closed lap is produced when
underlap shogs in the opposite direction to the preceding overlap
102
An open lap is produced
a subsequent underlap is in the same direction as the preceding overlap
103
Pillar stitch is formed when
a needle is lapped by the same guide.
104
Weft Insertion
Yarns are inserted between the face loops and underlaps across the entire width of the fabric and does not form loops
105
Fall Plate
Laying-in technique produces flat effects while fall plate structures have more texture and produces three-dimensional designs.
106
Laying in is achieved by
Laying-in is achieved by causing a guide bar to only underlap and the guide bar in front is overlapping.
107
TT 252
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