Biology 107 > Test 4 - Topic 20 > Flashcards

Test 4 - Topic 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ - A nerve cell, the basic unit of communication through the body

A

Neuron

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2
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________ - Receptors for specific stimuli

A

Sensory Neurons

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3
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________-

  • Neurons found in the brain and spinal chord
  • Neurons responsible for figuring out what information is called and what to do about it
A

Interneurons

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4
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

Interneurons:

  • Neurons found in the brain and _________
  • Neurons responsible for figuring out what _________ is called and what to do about it
A
  • spinal chord

- information

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5
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________ -
Send information from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

A

Motor Neurons

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6
Q

_________ -

Cells that physically support and protect the neurons in various ways

A

Neuroglial Cells

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7
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ - Contains nucleus and most of the organelles

A

Cell Body - (soma)

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8
Q

_________ - (soma)

A

Cell Body

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9
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ :

  • There is a lot of them
  • Short extensions off of cell body
  • Receive stimuli, “input zone”
A

Dendrites

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10
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

Dendrites:

  • There is a lot of them
  • Short extensions off of _________
  • Receive stimuli, “_________ “
A
  • cell body

- input zone

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11
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ - Usually just one, long extension that transmit impulses to other cells. “output zone”

A

Axons

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12
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

Axons - Usually just one, long extension that _________ impulses to other cells. “_________”

A
  • transmits

- output zone

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13
Q

_________ -

An electric charge that moves down the neuron membrane, starts in dendrite -> cell body -> axon, in one direction only

A

Nerve Impulse

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14
Q

Nerve Impulse -
An electric charge that moves down the _________ membrane, starts in _________ -> cell body -> _________, in one direction only

A
  • neuron
  • dendrite
  • axon
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15
Q

_________ - A junction between a neuron and an adjacent cell

A

Synapses

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16
Q

-Nervous System-

The more elaborate the nervous system, the more _________ the life-style of an ________ is

A
  • complex

- animal

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17
Q

-Nervous System-

_________ :

  • Simple functions
  • Stereotyped movements made in response to a specific stimulus
  • Sensory neuron triggers a motor neuron
A

Reflex

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18
Q

-Nervous System-

Reflex:

  • Simple functions
  • _________ movements made in response to a specific stimulus
  • Sensory _________ triggers a motor neuron
A

-Stereotyped

neuron

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19
Q

-Nervous System-

_________ :

  • Allows for more control for reflex actions
  • The more the brain regions, the more complex life style of animal
A

Brain Regions

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20
Q

-Nervous System-

Brain Regions:

  • Allows for more control for _________ actions
  • The more the brain regions, the more _________ life style of animal
A
  • reflex

- complex

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21
Q

_________ :

  • Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli
  • Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain
A

Central Nervous System

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22
Q

-Central Nervous System-

_________ - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli

_________ - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain

A
  • Brain

- Spinal

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23
Q
  • Central Nervous System-
  • Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external _________
  • Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral _________ system and the brain
A
  • stimuli

- nervous

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24
Q

-Peripheral Nervous System-

–Two sets of nerves

  1. _________ Nerves (31 pairs) - Connects spinal cord with most parts of the body
  2. _________ Nerves (12 pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and facial muscles
A
  • Spinal

- Cranial

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25
-Peripheral Nervous System- --Two sets of nerves 1. Spinal Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects _________ cord with most parts of the body 2. Cranial Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and _________ muscles
- 31 - spinal - 12 - facial
26
-Peripheral Nervous System- Some cranial nerves are only _________ , some are both sensory and _________ nerves
- sensory | - motor
27
-Peripheral Nervous System- _________ are both sensory and motor nerves
Spinal nerves
28
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain --_________ 1. Control respiration 2. Control blood circulation 3. Control sleep/wake response
Medulla oblongata
29
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain --Medulla oblongata 1. Control _________ 2. Control blood circulation 3. Control _________ response
- respiration | - sleep/wake
30
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain -- _________ 1. Reflex center to maintain posture 2. Coordination of limbs
Cerebellum
31
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain --Cerebellum 1. Reflex center to maintain _________ 2. Coordination of _________
- posture | - limbs
32
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain --_________ 1. Bridge between brain centers
Pons
33
- Brain Regions- - Hindbrain --Pons 1. Bridge between _________ centers
brain
34
-Brain Regions- _________- Sort visual, auditory, factory input, and sends this information to the correct brain region for integration
Midbrain
35
- Brain Regions- - Midbrain Sort visual, _________, factory input, and sends this information to the correct _________ region for integration
- auditory | - brain
36
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain --_________ Most of integration happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects motor responses
Cerebrum
37
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain --Cerebrum Most of _________ happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects _________ responses
- integration | - motor
38
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain -- _________ Relays and coordinates sensory signals
Thalamus
39
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain --Thalamus Relays and coordinates _________ signals
sensory
40
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain -- _________ Monitors internal organs and influences your response to hunger, thirst, and sex
Hypothalamus
41
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain --Hypothalamus Monitors internal _________ and influences your response to hunger, _________, and sex
- organs | - thirst
42
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain -- _________ Only mammals have this specific sight of coding and decoding information
Cerebral cortex
43
- Brain Regions- - Forebrain --Cerebral cortex Only _________ have this specific sight of coding and _________ information
- mammals | - decoding
44
_________ : The storage and retrieval of information about previous experiences
Memory
45
_________ - | Information is stored, specifically these are chemical and structural changes in the brain regions
Memory Traces
46
Memory Traces - | Information is stored, specifically these are _________ and structural changes in the _________ regions
- chemical | - brain
47
_________ Memory - | Lasts for a few seconds to a few hours. Limited to 7-8 bits of information
Short-term
48
Short-term Memory - | Lasts for a few seconds to a few _________. Limited to ___ bits of information
- hours | - 7-8
49
_________ Memory - | Much more permanent and seemingly limitless
Long-term
50
Long-term Memory - | Much more permanent and seemingly _________
limitless
51
_________ - the loss of short-term or long-term memory or both
Amnesia
52
_________ - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by central nervous system, can be altered very easily
State of Consciousness
53
State of Consciousness - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by _________ , can be altered very easily
central nervous system
54
-Three components of sensory system- _________ - Specialized cells that detect stimuli
Sensory receptors
55
-Three components of sensory system- _________ - Pathways that carry the signals back to the brain
Nerve pathways
56
-Three components of sensory system- _________ - Sensory information is processed
Brain Regions
57
_________ - Conscience awareness of a stimuli _________ - Understanding what a sensation means
- Sensation | - Perception
58
Sensation - Conscience awareness of a _________ Perception - Understanding what a _________ means
- stimuli | - sensation
59
-Sensory Receptors- _________ - Chemical molecules - Olfactory - Smelling - Taste - Taste buds
Chemoreceptors
60
-Sensory Receptors- Chemoreceptors - Chemical molecules _________ - Smelling _________ - Taste buds
- Olfactory | - Taste
61
-Sensory Receptors- _________ - Detect changes in pressure, position, and acceleration
Mechanoreceptors
62
-Sensory Receptors- _________ - Detect light
Photoreceptors
63
-Sensory Receptors- _________ - Detect heat
Thermoreceptors
64
-Sensory Receptors- _________ - Detect pain
Nociceptors
65
-Sensations- _________ - Most found in fingertips and genital regions
Touch and pressure
66
-Sensations- _________ - Perception of inquiry to some part of the body
Pain
67
-Sensations- _________ - Pain that is felt at a distance from the real stimulation
Visceral pain
68
-Sensations- _________ - Receptors that are found in muscle, joints, tendons, and ligaments, give awareness of your body's position
Muscle sense
69
-Sensations- Muscle sense - Receptors that are found in muscles, joints, _________, and ligaments, give _________ of your body's position
- tendons | - awareness
70
-Sensations- _________ - Depends on organs of equilibrium. Found in inner ear
Balance
71
-Sensations- _________ - Overstimulation of dendrites in inner ear
Motion sickness
72
-Vision Structure- _________ - White part of eye
Sclera
73
-Vision Structure- _________ - Extension of sclera that is clear and covers front of eye
Cornea
74
-Vision Structure- _________ - Focuses an image on back of eye
Lens
75
-Vision Structure- _________ - Photoreceptor in back of eye
Retina
76
-Vision Structure- --Two types of _________ 1. Cones - Daytime vision, detect color 2. Rods - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
photoreceptors
77
-Vision Structure- --Two types of photoreceptors 1. _________ - Daytime vision, detect color 2. _________ - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
- Cones | - Rods
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