1
Q
Which glands open into the lower vagina and provide most of the lubrication for intercourse?
a. Endometrial gland
b. Greater vestibular glands
c. Areolar glands
d. Prostate glands
e. Paraurethral gland
A
Greater vestibular glands
2
Q
What is the pampiniform plexus
a. A network of veins that helps cool the blood to the penis
b. A network of veins that helps cool the blood to the scrotum
c. A network of blood vessels that supplies the uterus
d. A network of blood vessels that supplies the ovaries
e. A network of blood vessels that facilitates maternal and fetal exchange
A
A network of veins that helps cool the blood to the scrotum
3
Q
What structures pull on the chordae tendinae and hold them taut during ventricular contraction
a. Fibers in the bundle of His
b. Pectinate muscles
c. Papillary muscles
d. Trabeculae carnae
e. Coronary ropes
A
Papillary muscles
4
Q
What hormone regulates water permeability in the collecting duct
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Renin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Aldosterone
e. Atrial natriuretic peptide
A
a. Antidiuretic hormone
5
Q
The first step to angiotensinogen II production is the secretion of
a. Renin
b. Angiotensin converting enzyme
c. Calcitrol
d. Angiotensin I
e. Angiotensinogen
A
a. Renin
6
Q
All of these are blood vessels found in the kidney EXCEPT
a. Arcuate arteries
b. Interlobular veins
c. Interlobar arteries
d. Segmental veins
e. Interlobular arteries
A
d. Segmental veins
7
Q
An erectile tissue present in the penis but absent from the clitoris is
a. The corpus cavernosum
b. The corpus luteum
c. The tunica albuginea
d. The corpus spongiosum
e. The corpus albicans
A
d. Corpus Spongiosum
8
Q
An individual whose EKG frequently shows more than one P wave per QRS wave is showing symptoms of
a. A second degree block
b. A third degree block
c. A fourth degree block
d. A first degree block
A
Look up online
9
Q
After suffering a myocardial infarction, Joe noticed that his heart rate was slower than before his illness. His doctor informed him that just his Sino-atrial node had been damaged and that another structure had taken over the regulation of his heartbeat. While this could have been one of many, it was likely the
a. Left bundle branch
b. Atrio-Ventricular node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. Right bundle branch
e. Bundle of His
A
b. Atrio-Ventricular node
10
Q
The kidneys do not
a. Have a role in erythrocyte production
b. Regulate blood pressure
c. Secrete hormones that stimulate thirst
d. Regulate pH of body fluids
e. Play a role in the production of vitamin D
A
c. Secrete hormones that stimulate thirst
11
Q
- Immediately after the arcuate artery, blood flows into
a. Interlobular arteries
b. Afferent arterioles
c. Peritubular capillaries
d. Renal arteries
e. Interlobar arteries
A
a. Interlobular Arteries
12
Q
- Which of these is not part of the renal corpuscle
a. Fenestrations
b. Glomerular capillaries
c. Afferent arteriole
d. Glomerular capsule
e. Pedicels
A
c. Afferent Arteriole
13
Q
- Tubular fluid is called urine by the end of the
a. Distal convoluted tubule
b. Glomerulus
c. Proximal convoluted tubule
d. Nephron loop
e. Collecting duct
A
e. Collecting Duct
14
Q
- Podocytes are cells located in the
a. Distal convoluted tubule
b. Collecting duct
c. Ascending loop of Henle
d. Renal corpuscle
e. Proximal convoluted tubule
A
d. Renal Corpuscle
15
Q
- What embryonic structure gives rise to the ductus deferens
a. Paramesonephric duct
b. Yolk sac
c. Urogenital sinus
d. Gonadal ridge
e. Mesonephric duct
A
e. Mesonephric duct
16
Q
- Which vessel supplies blood to both ventricles and the anterior interventricular septum?
a. The anterior interventricular branch
b. The circumflex branch
c. The posterior interventricular branch
d. The right coronary artery
e. The right marginal branch
A
a. The anterior interventricular branch
17
Q
- What is found in the ovarian cortex?
a. The broad ligament
b. The round ligament
c. Ovarian follicles and connective tissue
d. Ovarian follicles and connective tissue, the broad ligament, and the round ligament
e. Only fibrous connective tissue and vessels
A
c. Ovarian follicles and connective tissue
18
Q
- An anatomical arrangement that reduces the risk for myocardial infarction is
a. The desmosomes of the intercalated discs
b. Circumflex arteries
c. Arterial anastomoses in the coronary circulation
d. Double circulation
e. Gap junctions in the myocardium
A
c. Arterial anastomoses in the coronary circulation
19
Q
- The most abundant nitrogenous waste of the blood is
a. Amino acids
b. Urea
c. Ammonia
d. Uric acid
e. Creatine
A
b. Urea
20
Q
- Starting in the abdominal cavity and progressing dorsally, you would have to cut through the ___ in this order to expose the kidney
a. Adipose capsule, peritoneum, renal fascia, and renal capsule
b. Peritoneum, adipose capsule, renal capsule, and renal fascia
c. Peritoneum, renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
d. Renal fascia, peritoneum, adipose capsule, and renal capsule
e. Peritoneum, renal capsule, renal fascia, and adipose capsule
A
c. Peritoneum, renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
21
Q
- Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney?
a. Hilum
b. Mediastinum
c. Renal capsule
d. Renal pelvis
e. Renal sinus
A
a. Hilum
22
Q
- Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the only processes in the body where ____ occurs
a. Replication
b. Mitosis
c. Meiosis
d. Mutation
A
c. Meiosis
23
Q
- The corpus luteum
a. Develops prior to ovulation
b. Gives rise to an ovum during each menstruation cycle
c. Develops from a corpus albicans
d. None of the above
A
d. None of the above
24
Q
- A nephron consists of two portions
a. Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
b. Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
c. Glomerulus and collecting duct
d. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
A
b. Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule
25
9. The blood-testis barrier
a. Protects sperm antigens from exposure to the cells of the immune system
b. Consists of tight junctions between interstitial cells of Leydig
c. Is the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules
d. All of the above
a. Protects sperm antigens from exposure to the cells of the immune system
26
11. A prostatic tumor is most likely to interfere with
a. Spermiogenesis
b. Erection
c. Micturition
d. Spermatogenesis
c. Micturition
27
15. Blindness or other visual disturbances will arise following a blockage of the posterior cerebral arteries. These arteries branch directly from the
a. External carotid arteries
b. Internal carotid arteries
c. Vertebral arteries
d. Basilar artery
d. Basilar Artery
28
16. The second half of the menstrual cycle is regulated largely by
a. Corpus albicans
b. The placenta
c. The chloasma
d. Corpus luteum
e. The corpus spongiosum
d. Corpus Luteum
29
17. This vessel can be identified inferior to the left atrium and superior to the left ventricle traveling in the posterior coronary sulcus. It is the
a. Middle cardiac vein
b. Right coronary artery
c. Anterior interventricular artery
d. Coronary sinus
d. Coronary sinus
30
19. Which condition of the heart is most likely to contribute to “pulmonary hypertension” (increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit)
a. Mitral valve stenosis
b. Patent ductus arteriosus
c. Increased number of trabeculae carnae
d. Tricuspid valve stenosis
a. Mitral Valve Stenosis
31
23. Three layers of tissue surround each kidney. They are, in order from innermost to outermost
a. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, visceral peritoneum
b. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
c. Visceral peritoneum, adipose capsule, renal fascia
d. Renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal corpuscle
b. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
| Inner -> Outer
32
24. Meiosis results in
a. Four new cells with 46 chromosomes
b. Two new cells with 23 chromosomes each
c. Two new cells with 46 chromosomes each
d. Four new cells with 23 chromosomes each
d. Four new cells with 23 chromosomes each
33
28. How many eggs are produced by the process of meiosis
a. 4
b. 8
c. 2
d. The number varies from month to month
e. 1
e. 1
34
29. Perinephric fat (the adipose capsule) surrounds
a. The hilum
b. The renal sinus
c. The renal capsule
d. The renal fascia
e. The renal sinus
c. The renal capsule
35
30. Filtration occurs in the
a. Loop of Henle
b. Peritubular capillaries
c. Nephron
d. Renal corpuscle
e. Proximal convoluted tubule
d. Renal Corpuscle
36
31. Autorhythmicity is a characteristic of
a. Cardiac muscle cells
b. The SA node
c. The AV node
d. The Bundle of His
e. All of these choices
e. All of these choices
37
32. One major difference between the left and right ventricle is
a. The presence or absence of pectinate muscles
b. The presence or absence of papillary muscles
c. The semilunar valves have different number of cusps
d. The presence or absence of trabeculae carnae
e. The presence or absence of a moderator band
e. The presence or absence of a moderator band
38
33. What condition occurs as a result of the testes not descending into the scrotum
a. Hypergoadism
b. Cryptgonadism
c. Cryptorchidism
d. Gubernaculitis
e. Hypospadias
c. Cryptorchidism
CHIDISM
39
34. Principal cells in the kidney are responsible for
a. Filtration of blood
b. Secretion of erythropoietin
c. Secretion of aldosterone
d. Regulation of Na/K levels
e. Secretion of PTH
d. Regulation of Na/K levels
40
36. Filtration slits are found between the processes of
a. Principal cells
b. Renal columns
c. The glomerulus
d. Mesangial cells
e. Podocytes
e. Podocytes
41
37. Cardiac centers located in the ______ either accelerate or inhibit the heart
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Carotid body
c. Pons
d. Hypothalamus
e. Spinal cord
a. Medulla Oblongata
42
38. All of these are differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle except
a. Each cell of both are controlled by direct nervous stimulation
b. Both do not have branched cells
c. Both do not have triads
d. Both do not have intercalated discs
e. Both do not have striations
e. Both do not have striations
43
39. Due to cardiac muscles being almost totally dependent on aerobic respiration, the sarcoplasm
a. Very similar to that of white skeletal muscle fiber
b. Has a huge reserve of mitochondria and myoglobin
c. Requires little oxygen or myoglobin
d. Has a huge amount of glycogen and enzymes responsible for glycolysis
e. Has a deep reserve of hemoglobin and glucose
b. Has a huge reserve of mitochondria and myoglobin
44
40. A focus of research is the effect of chemical pollutants called estrogen mimics on reproductive development. What condition increased in recent years that may be due to an environmental factor such as estrogen mimics?
a. Male climacteric
b. Prostate cancer
c. Syphilis
d. AIDS
e. Hypospadias
e. Hypospadias
45
41. What is the function of the carotid sinus
a. They are chemoreceptors that monitor blood chemistry
b. They are baroreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure
c. They are both baroreceptors and chemoreceptors that monitor blood flow through the brain
d. They are irregular spaces in the bone marrow through which formed elements can pass
e. They are dural sinuses that drain blood that has circulated through the brain
b. They are baroreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure
46
43. Which of the following is a male secondary characteristic
a. The ductus deferens
b. A deep voice
c. The prostate gland
d. The perineal raphe
e. The testis
b. A deep voice
47
44. The mucosa of the bladder is made up of
a. The trigone
b. Stratified columnar epithelium and lamina tertiara
c. Transitional epithelium
d. Columnar epithelium and lamina propria
e. Transitional epithelium and lamina propria
e. Transitional epithelium and lamina propria
48
47. Maximum pressure in the cardiac cycle is attained due to or during
a. Ventricular diastole
b. Atrial systole
c. Ventricular systole
d. Isovolumetric contraction
e. Atrial diastole
c. Ventricular systole
49
48. Into which division of the urethra, if any, do the ejaculatory ducts open?
a. Cavernous portion
b. Penile portion
c. Prostatic portion
d. The membranous portion
e. They do not open into the urethra
c. Prostatic portion
50
49. The ejaculatory duct is found within
a. The urethra
b. Corpus albicans
c. The vagina
d. The prostate
e. Corpus spongiosum
d. The prostate
51
50. Which cells produce estrogen
a. Pyramidal secretory cells
b. Oocytes
c. Polar bodies
d. Sustentacular cells
e. Theca cells
e. Theca cells
52
51. Fenestrated capillaries
a. Have no basal lamina
b. Are found in most organs
c. Are the most common type of capillary in the body
d. Allow for rapid passage of large molecules such as formed elements in the bone marrow
e. Are important in organs that engage in absorption or filtration
e. Are important in organs that engage in absorption or filtration
53
55. Which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the distal end of the large intestine
a. Internal iliac
b. Superior mesenteric
c. Inferior mesenteric
d. Lumbars
e. Celiac trunk
c. Inferior mesenteric
54
56. What structure covers both the ovaries and testes
a. Parietal peritoneum
b. Tunica intima
c. Vaginal coat
d. Broad ligament
e. Tunica albugenia
e. Tunica albugenia
55
57. The endothelium of blood vessels in continuous with the
a. Visceral pericardium
b. The myocardium
c. The epicardium
d. The epithelium of the dermis
e. Endocardium of the heart
e. Endocardium of the heart
56
58. ______ arteries parallel the boundary between the cortex and the medulla in the kidney
a. Afferent
b. Interlobar
c. Arcuate
d. Interlobular
e. Segmental
c. Arcuate
57
60. What is the function of the ductus venosus
a. It is a shunt that flows between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava and bypasses the liver
b. It is a shunt between the superior vena cava and aorta that rapidly passes maternal blood to the fetus
c. It is a shunt between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta that bypasses the fetal lungs
d. It is a shunt between the right and left atria that bypasses the fetal lungs
e. It is a shunt between the umbilican vein and aorta that rapidly passes maternal blood to the fetus
a. It is a shunt that flows between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava and bypasses the liver
58
61. What vein drains the thoracic and abdominal walls
a. Subclavian
b. Intercostal
c. Azygos
d. Brachiocephalic
e. Axillary
c. Azygos
59
64. As we age, urinary retention may increase due to changes in the
a. Epididymis
b. Seminal vesicle
c. Urethra
d. Urinary bladder
e. Prostate gland
e. Prostate Gland
60
65. A weakened vessel that bulges when the heart contracts is called
a. A caricose vein
b. An embolism
c. An aneurysm
d. A hematoma
e. An atheroma
c. An aneuyrsm
61
67. Rugae are present in this structure
a. The ventricle
b. The urinary bladder
c. The ureter
d. The urethra
e. The renal sinus
b. Urinary Bladder
62
67. Rugae are present in this structure
a. The ventricle
b. The urinary bladder
c. The ureter
d. The urethra
e. The renal sinus
b. The urinary bladder
63
68. Eventually the placenta secretes the major hormones that regulate pregnancy. Until then the main source of hormones is
a. The pituitary
b. The corpus luteum
c. The umbilical cord
d. The amnion
e. The endometrium
b. The corpus luteum
64
70. All of these glands are found in the female except
a. Paraurethral glands
b. Greater vestibular glands
c. Bartholin glands
d. Lesser vestibular glands
e. Cowper’s glands
e. Cowper’s glands
65
71. All of the following processes are important in follicular development. Which one occurs first?
a. LH secretion
b. FSH secretion
c. Prolactin secretion
d. GnRH secretion
e. Estrogen secretion
d. GnRH secretion
66
72. Both the testes and the ovaries are stimulated by _______ after puberty
a. Estrogens
b. Estrogen and progesterone
c. Testosterone
d. FSH and LH
e. Progesterone
d. FSH and LH
67
76. Blood in the hepatic portal vein carries blood
a. High in nutrients
b. High in oxygen
c. From the kidneys
d. High in acid
e. That is all the above
a. High in nutrients
68
81. The circle of Willis encircles which of the following
a. Carotid arteries
b. Infundibulum of the pituitary
c. All vessels and passageways passing through the mediastinum
d. Great vessels at the base of the heart
e. Phrenic arteries to the diaphragm
b. Infundibulum of the pituitary
69
84. One of the major differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle is that cardiac muscle
a. Has myosin and actin
b. Lacks a triad
c. Is striated
d. Needs Ca2+ to contract
e. Both cardiac and skeletal muscles share these features
b. Lacks a triad
70
86. The vesicouterine pouch is located
a. Within the vestibule
b. Anterior to the uterus
c. Posterior to the rectum
d. Anterior to the bladder
e. Anterior to the rectum
b. Anterior to the uterus
71
87. The ovaries are supported by the
a. Uterus
b. Ovarian blood vessels and the ovarian hilum
c. Mesovarium
d. Roof of the pelvic cavity
e. None of the above
c. Mesovarium
72
89. The average length of the menstrual cycle
a. 14 days
b. 20 days
c. 28 days
d. 35 days
e. Unpredictably variable
c. 28 days
73
92. In fetal circulation blood may bypass the pulmonary circuit by passing from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through
a. Ductus arteriosus
b. Ductus venosus
c. Umbilical arterires
d. Ligamentum arteriosum
e. Fossa ovale
a. Ductus arteriosus
74
96. An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the
a. Lobular vein
b. Renal artery
c. Efferent arteriole
d. Afferent arteriole
e. Intralobular artery
c. Efferent Arteriole
75
98. You could expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
a. Skin
b. The kidneys
c. Skeletal muscle
d. The spleen
e. The brain
b. The kidneys
76
3. The filtrate that escapes from the glomerular capillaries includes which of the following
a. All of the same components that are present in plasma
b. All of the same components present in whole blood
c. A fluid similar to plasma but without blood proteins
d. A and B
e. None of the above
c. A fluid similar to plasma but without blood proteins
77
4. The ovarian follicles, after birth, will have within them follicular cells and
a. An oogonium
b. Seminiferous tubules
c. An oocyte
d. A zygote
e. Susentacular cells
c. An oocyte
78
8. The grooves on the outside of the heart contain
a. Fat
b. Coronary arteries
c. Cardiac veins
d. Anastomoses
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
79
9. During their period of systole, the inner volume of the atrial chambers
a. Does not change
b. Remains the same but the auricles enlarge
c. Increases as does the volume in the auricles
d. Decreases
e. Does none of the above
d. Decreases
80
17. When a clot forms in a coronary vessel and obstructs blood flow to the muscle, the condition is referred to as
a. Pulmonary embolism
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Angina pectoris
d. Coronary thrombosis
e. None of the above
d. Coronary thrombosis
81
19. Pectinate muscles are located in
a. The left atrium
b. The right atrium
c. The left ventricle and right ventricle
d. A and C
e. A and B
b. The right atrium
82
20. Autonomic innervation of the heart occurs through
a. The parasympathetic system
b. The sympathetic system
c. Cranial nerve X
d. A nerve from the thoracocolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system
e. Both C and D
e. Both C and D
83
21. The neurotransmitter released at the SA node by the vagus nerve is the _____ and it ____ the heart rate
a. Ach, increases
b. GABA, decreases
c. NE, increases
d. NE, decreases
e. Ach, decreases
e. Ach, decreases
84
25. The glomerulus is made up of many
a. Fenestrated capillaries
b. Venules
c. Sinusoids
d. Arterioles
e. A and C
a. Fenestrated capillaries
85
28. These cells play a significant role in establishing blood-testis barrier
a. Sustenacular cells
b. Cells of Leydig
c. Spermatogonia
d. Cervical mucous cells
e. Oogonia
Sustenacular cells
86
31. The anterior surface of the heart is the
a. Apex
b. Diaphragmatic surface
c. Sternocostal surface
d. Pulmonary surface
e. Base
c. Sternocostal surface
87
32. Both the testes and the ovaries are stimulated by ____ after puberty
a. FSH and LH
b. Testosterone
c. Estrogen and progesterone
d. Progesterone
e. Estrogens
a. FSH and LH
88
33. In the renal pelvis, fluid processing includes
a. Further removal of sodium from the filtrate
b. Secretion of lipid-soluble drugs
c. Reabsorption of potassium
d. Osmosis of water
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
89
34. The ovarian follicles after birth will have within them follicular cells and
a. An oogonium
b. Susenacular cells
c. A zygote
d. Seminiferous tubules
e. An oocyte
e. An oocyte
90
36. Stem cells in the testes are the
a. Spermatozoa
b. Spermatogonia
c. Haploids
d. Primary spermatocyte
e. Spermatids
b. Spermatogonia
91
37. The rete testis is found
a. Surrounding the ovary and producing testosterone
b. Within the mediastinum of the testes
c. Withing the epididymis
d. Within the scrotal cavity
e. In the scrotum
b. Within the mediastinum of the testes
92
40. Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the
a. Rete testis
b. Efferent ducts
c. Ductus deferens
d. Afferent ducts
e. Epididymis
a. Rete testis
93
41. The suspensory ligament attaches the ovary to
a. The pelvic wall
b. The uterus
c. The sacrum
d. The broad ligament
e. The mesosalpinx
a. The pelvic wall
94
43. Reproductive cells are called
a. Zygotes
b. Fertilization
c. Gametes
d. Meiosis
e. None of the above
c. Gametes
95
46. The first heart sound, otherwise called the lubb, signals
a. Start of atrial contraction
b. Turbulence generated at the start of atrial filling
c. Start of ventricular contraction and closing of AV valves and opening of SL vavles
d. Start of ventricular filling, when SL valves close
e. Closing of AV valves
e. Closing of AV valves
96
48. About 15 percent of the nephrons are classified as
a. Cortical
b. Renal
c. Juxtamedullary
d. Medullary
e. None of the above
c. Juxtamedullary
97
53. The area of the sperm with densely packed chromosomes is the
a. Midpiece
b. Flagellum
c. Acrosome
d. Cap
e. Head
e. Head
98
55. The parietal and visceral epithelia of Bowman’s capsule are separated by the
a. Renal column
b. Lobar space
c. Vascular pole
d. Capsular space
e. None of the above
d. Capsular space
99
58. The most extensive connection of the uterus to the pelvic wall is the
a. Uterosacral ligament
b. Broad ligament
c. Round ligament
d. Urachus
e. Cardinal ligament
b. Broad ligament
100
59. The tough structure that surrounds the heart and helps prevent overfilling is the
a. Epicardium
b. Pericardial sac
c. Pleural cavity
d. Aorta
e. Mediastinum
b. Pericardial sac
101
61. The menstrual cycle begins with
a. A surge of LH and FSH
b. Proliferation of the functional layer of the endometrium
c. Ovulation
d. The onset of menses
e. None of the above
d. The onset of menses
102
64. The right atrium can be distinguished from the left atrium based upon all of these criteria EXCEPT
a. The opening of the coronary sinus
b. The opening of the coronary artery
c. The location of the pectinate muscles
d. The location of the SA node
e. The veins returning to the chamber
b. The opening of the coronary artery
103
65. Cardiac tamponade results from a pressure build up in the
a. Ventricular chambers
b. The left chambers of the heart
c. The pericardial cavity
d. The right chambers of the heart
e. Atrial chambers
c. The pericardial cavity
104
66. The muscle fibers of the atria are isolated physically from those of the ventricles
a. By the fibrous skeleton of the heart
b. By the epicardium
c. By the coronary blood vessels
d. But not isolated electrically, as they all contract at exactly the same time
e. None of the above
a. By the fibrous skeleton of the heart
105
68. A person has a condition where his atrial and ventricular chambers are both capable of contracting but there is often 2 atrial contractions before the ventricle contracts. This is a problem due to his
a. Pulmonary circulation
b. Atrial syncytium
c. Cardiac circulation
d. Ventricular syncytium
e. Cardiac conduction system
e. Cardiac conduction system
Anatomy Final
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