test chapter 13-14

Question 1

The organized study of the composition and interactions of matter

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

Developed the atomic theory

Answer 2

John Dalton

Question 3

Tiny particles that compose all matter

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

A substance composed of a single type of atom

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together

Answer 5

Compounds

Question 6

Any of the smaller particles of matter of which atoms are composed

Answer 6

Subatomic particles

Question 7

Subatomic particle that carries a positive electrical charge and determines the identity of an atom

Answer 7

Proton

Question 8

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Atomic number

Question 9

Subatomic particle that is electrically neutral with no electrical charge

Answer 9

Neutron

Question 10

Any of a group of atoms that are the same element (same atomic number) but have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 10

Isotope

Question 11

Any of the small particles that compose protons and neutrons

Answer 11

Quark

Question 12

An atom that has an electric charge because of losing or gaining electrons

Answer 12

Ion

Question 13

Subatomic particle that is found outside the nucleus

Answer 13

Electron

Question 14

An atom has the same amount of protons and what?

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

A unit used to measure the masses of atoms

Answer 15

Atomic mass unit

Question 16

The theory stating that tiny particles like electrons do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow

Answer 16

Quantum theory

Question 17

The most familiar model of the atom, which pictures the nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels

Answer 17

Bohr model

Question 18

The region within an atom in which the electrons move

Answer 18

Orbital

Question 19

The principle stating that it is impossible to measure both the position and velocity of an electron with certainty

Answer 19

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 20

A model of the atom that interprets the mathematical equations of the wave-mechanical model representing the probability of finding an electron at a given point

Answer 20

Electron cloud model

Question 21

A set of numbers that mathematically represent the overall motion of an electron

Answer 21

Quantum numbers

Question 22

The principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Answer 22

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 23

Any substance that is unstable

Answer 23

Radioactive

Question 24

The length of time required for one-half of an original substance to decay into a new substance

Answer 24

Half-life

Question 25

Radioactive decay that occurs when a neutron in an atom’s nucleus changes into a proton, emitting an electron Atomic number goes UP 1.

Answer 25

Beta decay

Question 26

Radioactive decay that occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of two protons and two neutrons mass number DECREASES by 2

Answer 26

Alpha decay

Question 27

Radioactive decay that occurs when an excited nucleus releases energy without a change in the number of protons or neutrons

Answer 27

Gamma radiation

Question 28

The process whereby a heavy nucleus is split into several pieces by bombarding it with neutrons

Answer 28

Nuclear fission

Question 29

A device that works by initiating an uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction

Answer 29

Atomic bomb

Question 30

The minimum amount of fissionable material that must be present for a chain reaction to occur

Answer 30

Critical mass

Question 31

A device that harnesses controlled fission to produce useful energy

Answer 31

Nuclear reactor

Question 32

A nuclear reactor that recycles spent nuclear fuel to produce more than it uses

Answer 32

Breeder reactor

Question 33

The process of combining two nuclei to form a heavier nucleus and thereby releasing energy

Answer 33

Nuclear fusion

Question 34

Weapon that uses nuclear fusion to release a tremendous amount of energy

Answer 34

Hydrogen bomb

Question 35

Any of the electrons in the outer shell of an atom

Answer 35

Valence electron

Question 36

The rule stating that an atom tends to react in a way that fills its valence shell with eight electrons

Answer 36

Octet rule

Question 37

The law that states that elements show regular and repeating, or periodic, properties when they are arranged by their increasing atomic numbers

Answer 37

Periodic law

Question 38

A row of the periodic table

Answer 38

Period

Question 39

A column on the periodic table

Answer 39

Group

Question 40

Meaning “salt former” is any element in group 17

Answer 40

Halogen

Question 41

Any element in group 2

Answer 41

Alkaline earth metal

Question 42

Any elements in group 1

Answer 42

Alkali metals

Question 43

Any of the group of elements that are typically hard, dense, shiny solids; are good conductors of heat and electricity; and have high melting points

Answer 43

Metal

Question 44

Any of the group of elements that are typically poor conductors of electricity and heat

Answer 44

Nonmetal

Question 45

Any element in groups 3-12

Answer 45

Transition metal

Question 46

Any of the metals that lie beneath the main body of the periodic table, between groups 3 and 4

Answer 46

Inner transition metal

Question 47

The basic constituent of all living things and the second most abundant element in the human body

Answer 47

Carbon

Question 48

Any of the elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18

Answer 48

Main-group element

Question 49

A group or two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds to form distinct units

Answer 49

Molecule

Question 50

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule

Answer 50

Molecular mass

Question 51

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Answer 51

Isomer

Question 52

A substance that has the same physical properties throughout and consists of only one type of atom, one type of molecule, or one nonmolecular compound

Answer 52

Pure substance

Question 53

A homogenous mixture that exists because of attraction between atoms, molecules, or ions

Answer 53

Solution

Question 54

A substance in a solution that is dissolved

Answer 54

Solute

Question 55

A substance in a solution that does the dissolving

Answer 55

Solvent

Question 56

A substance that has the same properties throughout

Answer 56

Homogeneous

Question 57

Describes a mixture in which the molecules of the mixed substances are not completely mixed

Answer 57

Heterogeneous

Question 58

A mixture containing tiny suspended clumps or particles

Answer 58

Colloid

Question 59

An attractive force that links atoms to form molecules and compounds

Answer 59

Chemical bonds

Question 60

A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms

Answer 60

Covalent bond

Question 61

A covalent bond involving the sharing of a single pair of electrons

Answer 61

Single bond

Question 62

A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two pairs of electrons

Answer 62

Double bond

Question 63

A covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared

Answer 63

Triple bond

Question 64

A diagram showing the locations of all the atoms and valence electrons in a molecule or ion

Answer 64

Lewis structure

Question 65

Describes electrons that are part of more than one chemical bond, being shared by more than two atoms

Answer 65

Delocalized