Test Questions Flashcards by Marina Regalbuto

Behavior Analysis is used for a variety of reasons. The most well-known is the treatment of ______________________________ .

a. ADHD
b. Autism
c. Poor employee performance

(1)

B. Autism

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Behavior analysts do not believe thoughts and emotions exist.

a. True
b. False

(1)

B. False

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Behaviors differ from thoughts and emotions in that they are ___________________ and ___________________.

a. internal and measurable
b. observable and internal
c. observable and measurable

(1)

C. Observable & Measurable

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Behavior analysts who work with individuals usually focus on skill acquisition and/or ______________________________.

a. behavior reduction
b. language enhancement
c. self-care

(1)

A. Behavior Reduction

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What do behavior analysts mean by the word function?

a. how well a person adapts to their environment
b. a mathematical operation used in graphing
c. the purpose of a behavior

(1)

C. The purpose of behavior

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What is the difference between a behavior reduction plan and a behavior intervention plan?

a. Behavior intervention plans build skills while behavior reduction plans eliminate unwanted behaviors.
b. Behavior intervention plans prevent problem behaviors from happening, while behavior reduction plans simply strive to decrease them.
c. There is no real difference. Schools use one term while clinics tend to use the other.

(1)

c. There is no real difference. Schools use one term while clinics tend to use the other.

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Supervision from a behavior analyst is __________________________________.

a. behavior analytic
b. indirect
c. infrequent

(1)

A. Behavior analytic

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Behavior analysts only work with individuals; never large groups.

a. True
b. False

(1)

A. False

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If I have cash, then I will buy you a gift.

If I do not have cash, then I will not buy you a gift.

If I have a credit card, I will use it to get a cash advance.

If I have a credit card, will I buy you a gift?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Not enough information

(1)

a. Yes

If I have a credit card, I will use it to get money, and when I have money I will buy you a gift.

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If the light is green, then stop.

If the light is yellow, then continue at current speed.

If the light is red, then accelerate by 10 mph.

If the light is orange, what action should I take?

a. slow down
b. continue at current speed
c. not enough information

(1)

c. not enough information

You’ve been given no information about an orange light.

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The theory that knowledge derives from sensory experience is known as

a. Behaviorism
b. Empiricism
c. Rationalism

(2)

B. Empiricism

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Which component of Darwin’s theory of evolution was particularly important for the development of behavior analysis?

a. adaptation
b. selection
c. variability

(2)

B. Selection

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Behaviors that do not allow the individual to contact reinforcement in the environment are eliminated over time through the process of __________________.

a. elimination
b. exaggeration
c. extinction

(2)

C. Extinction

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Pavlov’s dogs demonstrated the process of

a. classical conditioning
b. conditioning emotions
c. human conditioning

(2)

A. Classical Conditioning

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Which of the following statements is true?

a. A conditioned stimulus becomes a neutral stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.
b. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus
c. An unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with a neutral stimulus

(2)

b. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

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A stimulus is any environmental event that elicits a behavioral response.

a. True
b. False

(2)

A. True

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Reflexive responses are elicited by conditioned stimuli.

a. True
b. False

(2)

B. False

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What kind of response does a neutral stimulus elicit?

a. A conditioned response
b. An unconditioned response
c. No response

(2)

C. No response

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Which of the following was an early version of Skinner’s principle of reinforcement?

a. Aristotle’s Law of Frequency
b. Ebbinghaus’ Learning Curve
c. Thorndike’s Law of Effect

(2)

C. Thorndike’s Law of Effect

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The Little Albert studies demonstrated that what was possible?

a. Conditioning of cats to escape a puzzle box
b. Conditioning of dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell
c. Conditioning of emotions in humans

(2)

C. Conditioning of emotions in humans

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When an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, what has happened?

a. Generalization
b. Indirect conditioning
c. Unconditioned responding

(2)

A. Generalization

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Three professional organizations interested in behavior analysis are:

a. ABAI, APBA, BACB
b. APBA, BACB, BAAA
c. BACB, PBAA, SEAA

(4)

a. ABAI, APBA, BACB

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The ABAI approves requests to sit for the RBT exam.

a. True
b. False

(4)

B. False

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Behavior analytic conferences hosted by organizations such as ABAI and APBA are primarily focused on professional development of behavior analysts and are not a good source of information for RBTs.

a. True
b. False

(4)

B. False

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Local, state, and regional behavior analysis organizations are the best way to become informed about issues relevant to working as an RBT in your area. a. True b. False (4)

A. True

Which of the following organizations is less focused on research and more focused on the practical side of being a behavior analysis professional? a. ABAI b. APBA c. BACB (4)

B. APBA

The processes involved in learning something well are A. Acquisition, Fluency, Maintenance, Discrimination & Generalization B. Acquisition, Discrimination, Maintenance, and Generalization C. Acquisition, Maintenance, and Fluency (4)

A. Acquisition, Fluency, Maintenance, Discrimination & Generalization

Repeated presentation of a single stimulus with a single response occurs during which phases of skill building A. Acquisition and Fluency B. Fluency and Maintenance C. Maintenance and Generalization (4)

A. Acquisition & Fluency

Overlearning is a concept related to... A. Acquisition B. Fluency C. Generalization (4)

B. Fluency

During maintenance training, we seek to determine how well the learner can A. perform the skill in isolation B. perform the skill when distracted C. perform the skill when timed (4)

B. Perform the skill when distracted

Mary is an RBT who has been taught to feed her client, John, who has swallowing problems. She now wonders if she could provide the same service to other people who have similar swallowing problems. She is wondering if her skillset ______________________________ between clients. A. discriminates B. generalizes C. maintains (4)

B. Generalizes

A teacher of a child you are providing ABA services to is an example of a(n) ______________________ client. A. direct B. indirect C. supplemental (4)

B. Indirect

Who holds the power in a service relationship? A. the service provider B. the service recipient C. power is shared (4)

B. The service recipient

The main difference between direct clients and indirect clients is the power to consent. A. True B. False (4)

B. False

RBTs conduct parent training. A. True B. False (4)

B. False

ADHD has three types: A. Predominantly Inattentive, predominantly hyperactive, and predominantly impulsive B. Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type C. Predominantly hyperactive, predominantly impulsive, and combined type (4)

B. Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type

ABC recording is a method of data collection developed by A. Bijou B. Keller C. Skinner (5)

A. Bijou

Which of the following is listed as a possible support need for people with developmental disabilities? A. Sleep training B. Supervision C. Transportation (5)

C. Transportation

Jaime's RBT is going to collect 15 minute time samples of his hand-raising behavior in each class over a three-week period by a frequency count. This is A. continuous data collection using continuous numbers B. discontinuous data collection using continuous numbers C. discontinuous data collection using discrete numbers (5)

C. discontinuous data collection using discrete numbers

The basic principle of reinforcement is: stimulus - response - consequence A. True B. False (6)

A. True

Behaviors are responses to needs. A. True B. False (6)

B. False

In order for a consequence to be truly reinforcing, the person must engage in the behavior more often in the future. A. True B. False (6)

A. True

Consequences may be subdivided into... A. effective and ineffective B. reinforcing and punishing C. utilitarian and individualistic (6)

B. Reinforcing & punishing

Abby and Lucy had a huge argument on the playground last year. Lucy has refused to play with Abby since then. Her new best friend, Allie, recently started inviting Abby into their games. Lucy is now tolerating Abby as long as Allie is there, too. This is an early step in the process of A. Doubling B. Pairing C. Squaring (6)

B. Pairing

Caroline loves bubble gum. Her teacher gives bubble gum to every child who finishes their math facts work sheet in less than one minute. Caroline never finishes in one minute, and she cries when everyone gets bubblegum except for her. The faster she writes her answers, the more mistakes she makes. The most likely reason for the reinforcer not working is A. Restricted Range of Options B. Sensitivity to the Consequence C. Either A or B could be correct (6)

A. Restricted range of options

Amy has been biting her fingernails for five years. Her mother applied a terrible tasting medication to her fingernails to discourage her from biting them. So far, the nail biting has not decreased much even with the medication. What's one possible reason? A. Previous learning history B. Sensitivity to the consequence C. Either A or B could be correct (6)

C. Either A or B could be correct

Benny dislikes the taste of vegetables and refuses to eat them anywhere except his grandmother's house. He eats whatever his grandmother puts on his plate. Benny's vegetable eating behavior is explained by A. Lack of Stimulus Control B. Multiple Stimulus Control C. Single Stimulus Control (6)

B. Multiple stimulus control

Reinforcement can be based on... A. presentation or removal B. punishment or reward C. reward or coercion (6)

A. Presentation or removal

Negative reinforcement is another word for punishment A. True B. False (6)

B. False

Marla does not read well. When called on in class, to read she always says she has a headache. Teachers stop calling on her. The behavior of claiming she has a headache is being... A. Negatively reinforced B. Positively reinforced C. Punished (6)

A. Negatively Reinforced

Positive and negative reinforcement have this in common. A. The behavior occurs less often in the future B. The behavior occurs more often in the future C. The behavior is unaffected by the consequence (6)

B. The behavior occurs more often in the future.

Reinforcer is another word for "reward." A. True B. False (6)

B. False

A continuous reinforcement schedule is also called A. FI 1 B. FR 1 C. VI 1 (6)

B. FR 1

Which of the following affects reinforcer effectiveness? A. Consistency B. Schedule C. Both a and b (6)

C. Both A & B

The best reinforcement schedule for rapidly teaching a brand new behavior. A. Continuous B. Fixed Interval C. Variable Interval (6)

A. Continuous

Will is a waiter who receives a tip for every customer he serves. What reinforcement schedule is this? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio (6)

B. Fixed Ratio

Melanie is a salaried employee who receives a check every 14 days. What reinforcement schedule is this? A. Continuous B. Fixed interval C. Fixed ratio (6)

B. Fixed Interval

J.R.'s boss read a book on reinforcement and decided to distribute paychecks on a variable interval schedule. Employees must be present to get their paycheck. If this method survives the courts, what effect should it have on work attendance? A. Attendance will improve and remain high. B. Attendance will initially improve, but many people will call in sick after they get their checks. C. Attendance will decrease due to morale. (6)

A. Attendance will improve and remain high

Joey likes to hear his mother scream, so he walks around the house making a squeaky noise she does not like. She tries to ignore it, but after about 8- 10 iterations, she screams. What reinforcement schedule is this? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio (6)

C. Variable Ratio

Another name for a noncontingent schedule is a continuous schedule. A. True B. False (6)

B. False

Which of the following is a a possible side effect of punishment? a. Emotional changes b. Aggression c. Both a and b (7)

C. Both A & B

When punishment leads to a behavior improvement in one context, it may also improve in other contexts without punishment. This is called behavioral contrast. a. True b. False (7)

B. False

Benny and Elaine say "I love you" at the end of every phone conversation. What reinforcement schedule is that? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio (5)

B. Fixed Ratio

Repeated punishment in the absence of reinforcement for alternative behaviors leads to a cessation of all actions. a. Behavioral contrast b. Learned helplessness c. Passive-Aggressiveness (7)

B. Learned Helplessness

Consequences may be subdivided into... A. effective and ineffective B. reinforcing and punishing C. utilitarian and individualistic (6)

B. Reinforcing & punishing

System-wide approaches such as positive behavior support and trauma-informed care have decreased the social acceptability of punishment procedures. a. True b. False (7)

A. True

Social justice reform movements designed to ensure minority groups are not disproportionally subjected to exclusionary or punitive practices and to ensure people with disabilities lead _____________________ lives have decreased the social acceptability of punishment procedures. a. comfortable b. happy c. normalized (7)

C. Normalized

Three considerations for using restraint or seclusion, according to the ABAI's position statement, are: a. informed consent, a behavior plan, and crisis management b. staff training, informed consent, and crisis management c. welfare of the individual, right to choose, and least restrictiveness (7)

C. Welfare of the individual, right to choose, and least restrictiveness

Time-out is seclusion. a. True b. False (7)

B. False

Motor imitation skills are important precursor skills for verbal behavior. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Which of the following is an example of joint attention? a. Following another person's eye gaze b. Bringing a favorite toy to show a parent c. Both a and b (8)

C. Both A & B

Matching, scanning, and sorting are examples of _________________________________ skills. a. Academic b. School Readiness c. Visual Perception (8)

C. Visual Perception

Making statements expressing empathy should not be required until the child learns to experience empathy. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

The most important thing for school readiness is pre-academic skill development. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

Sleep training is not a target for behavior analysis. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

The earliest lessons on emotion management are focused on... a. Expressing emotions correctly b. Labeling emotions as they occur c. Preventing aggressive expressions of anger (8)

B. Labeling emotions as they occur

The processes used in problem behavior intervention vary across the lifespan. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

All programs should be focused on increasing independence through prompt fading. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

The first step in the prevention of sexual abuse is teaching... a. Good touch, bad touch b. Private vs Public c. Stranger Danger (8)

B. Private Vs. Public

If a child struggles with changes in routine, it is best to design the family's schedule around the needs of the child. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

An advanced skill within the category of task-related behavior includes accepting feedback and correcting errors. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Life skills instruction is enhanced by teaching the child to self-monitor his or her own efforts. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

The importance of teaching ______________________ safety has increased drastically over the past decade. a. fire b. food c. internet (8)

C. Internet

The majority of high school students with disabilities receive accommodations and modifications, but most of them do not receive any accommodations in college. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Interview skills and customer service skills are examples of _________ skills. a. discrete b. job-specific c. soft (8)

C. Soft

Practically speaking, we should spend more time helping people learn how to use _____________ currency than ___________ currency. a. digital, paper b. paper, digital (8)

A. Digital, Paper

Decreasing reliance on others to access resources and assert ones' rights. a. Self Advocacy b. Self Management Incorrect c. Self Monitoring (8)

A. Self Advocacy

In childhood, we teach learners to follow instructions of others during emergencies. In adolescence and adulthood, it is important to teach them to be in charge of handling the emergency. a. Yes, if the person is ever going to be left alone. b. Yes, in all cases c. No, the risk of them disobeying instructions once they have been trained to respond directly is too high. (8)

A. Yes, if the person is ever going to be left alone

New requirements for hygiene arise in puberty. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Social skills training is enhanced by teaching children and adolescents to use slang. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

With regard to dating and intimacy, consent should be taught when the person is considering a sexual relationship. a. Yes, this is the best time to teach about consent. b. No, consent must be taught long before this point. (8)

B. No, consent must be taught long before this point

Organizational skills are an example of... a. Academic Skills b. Communication Skills c. Executive Functioning Skills (8)

C. Executive functioning skills

Problem behavior is best addressed if a ____________________ behavior is taught. a. replacement b. social c. suppression (8)

A. Replacement

Senior citizens with developmental disabilities are at increased risk for inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Maintaining social relationships is often a special challenge for older adults with developmental disabilities. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Retirement usually does not bring about the same kinds of feelings of loss for people with developmental disabilities as it does for people without disabilities. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

A significant portion of time for behavioral gerontologists is spent on helping older adults __________________ skills. a. Maintain existing skills b. Recover lost skills c. Both a and b (8)

C. Both A & B

Memory loss is almost always irreversible. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

Risk/Benefit Analysis is an example of a(n) ___________________________. a. communication skill Incorrect b. executive functioning skill c. de-escalation procedure (8)

B. Executive functioning skill

Teenage boys have the highest incidence of suicide in the U.S. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

Problem behavior associated with Dementia does not respond to ABA approaches. a. True b. False (8)

B. False

Driving skills are at risk for loss in senior citizens due to changes in __________________. a. reaction time b. vision c. both a and b (8)

C. Both A & B

RBTs are mandated reporters under the Elder Abuse laws. a. True b. False (8)

A. True

Motor imitation is important for... a. Developing a generalized repertoire of imitation b. Preparing to learn augmentative communication c. Both a and b (9/10)

C. Both A & B

Point-to-point correspondence in motor imitation means the child exactly duplicates the movements of the adult model. a. True b. False (9/10)

A. True

The goal of motor imitation training is to have the child exhibit the behavior without a model. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False The ultimate goal of motor imitation training is for the child to follow the model with no additional prompts.

Reinforcement for correct responding in a motor imitation trial is usually... a. Social b. Tangible c. Unnecessary (9/10)

A. Social

Echoics are taught before and during mand training because... a. Imitation skills are necessary precursors for training other skills b. echoics develop first in the normal developmental sequence c. Both a and b (9/10)

C. Both A & B

The SD for a vocal echoic response is... a. auditory b. visual c. either a or b (9/10)

A. Auditory

RBT: "say ball" Child: "ball" This is an example of an echoic skill. a. True b. False (9/10)

A. True

In teaching echoics, we shape by reinforcing ____________________________ before requiring correct words. a. similar words b. word approximations c. both a and b (9/10)

B. Word approximations

Reinforcement for emitting a correct echoic is usually... a. letting the child escape the interaction b. praise and attention c. the thing requested (9/10)

B. Praise & attention

The only verbal operant that directly serves the speaker. a. Intraverbal b. Mand c. Tact (9/10)

B. Mand

The SD for the mand is... a. an MO b. auditory c. visual (9/10)

A. An MO

Child: "Ball" RBT: (gives the child a ball) In this scenario, "ball" is a(n)... a. intraverbal b. mand c. tact (9/10)

B. Mand

The best time to teach the mand for apple is when the child has just eaten an apple. a. True Incorrect b. False (9/10)

B. False

During mand training, if the child requests an item that is visible to him, the therapist can reinforce by either giving him the item or praising him for asking nicely. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

A tact is a procedure - short for tactic. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

To reinforce a correct tact, allow the child to interact with the item for a few minutes. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

RBT: shows picture of a ball and asks "what is this?" Child: "Ball" In this scenario, the word "ball" is a(n)... a. Echoic b. Mand c. Tact (9/10)

C. Tact

Tacts are easier to teach than mands. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

In the sentence "the ball is red," red is a __________________ of the ball. a. feature b. function c. class (9/10

A. Feature

The sentence "We play games with balls" indicates the ball's ___________________________. a. Feature b. Function c. Class (9/10)

B. Function

The sentence "a ball is a toy," demonstrates the ball's... a. Feature b. Function c. Class (9/10)

C. Class

When starting a new match-to-sample program, it is a good idea to choose items the child finds highly reinforcing. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

Listeners serve as both reinforcers of and discriminative stimuli for speaker behavior. a. True b. False (9/10)

A. True

Speakers serve as SDs for listeners to... a. Say b. Think c. both a and b (9/10)

C. Both A & B

A speaker's mand is an SD for the listener to act. a. True b. False (9/10)

A. True

RBT: "Bobby" Bobby: (looks at RBT). In this scenario, Bobby's behavior is a(n) ___________________ skill. a. intraverbal b. listener skill c. tact (9/10)

B. Listener skill

When conducting listener skills training, it is best to have the child master one skill before introducing a second skill. a. True b. False (9/10)

B. False

Conversing and answering questions are examples of... a. Echoics b. Intraverbals c. Tacts (9/10)

B. Intraverbals

An intraverbal response is a verbal response to a verbal SD with... a. point-to-point correspondence b. no point-to-point correspondence c. both a and b (9/10)

B. No point-to-point correspondence

RBT: "Where should we go?" Child: "The aquarium!." In this scenario, the child's response is a(n) ____________________. a. intraverbal b. mand c. tact (9/10)

A. Intraverbal

The earliest form of intraverbal training is... a. answering questions b. responding to name c. song fill-ins (9/10)

C. Song fill-ins

The ultimate goal of prompting is to fade to a. natural cues b. textual prompts c. visual schedules (12)

A. Natural Cues

When teaching children to brush their teeth, we almost always use most-to-least prompting a. True b. False (12)

A. True

In ABA, we never tell the learner they are wrong. a. True b. False (12)

B. False

Least-to-Most prompting follows this sequence: No prompt, gestural prompt, verbal prompt, model, physical prompt. a. True b. False (12)

B. False

The most salient question when considering most-to-least vs least-to-most is the degree to which _____________ is likely to negatively impact learning. a. making errors b. physical prompting c. subjectivity (12)

A. Making errors

The process of gradually reducing prompts is called a. Errorless Learning b. Prompt Fading c. Shaping (12)

B. Prompt Fading

Fade within categories of prompts by adjusting a. Attitude b. Latitude c. Magnitude (12)

C. Magnitude

The most intrusive prompt type is the full physical prompt. a. True b. False (12)

A. True

Prompt fading plans should include criteria for advancing and ____________________ . a. Reducing b. Reversing c. Rewriting (12)

B. Reversing

When a behavior is elicited by a stimulus without additional prompts and reinforcers, ________________________ has been attained. a. behavioral momentum b. stimulus control c. stimulus equivalence (12)

B. Stimulus control

Three methods of stimulus control transfer are: prompt fading, stimulus fading, and a. primary reinforcement b. prompt delay c. reinforcement fading (12)

B. Prompt Delay

Time delay may be progressive or _______________________. a. constant b. contingent c. continuous (12)

A. Constant

Todd's teacher is teaching him to write his letters. First she had him trace the letters, then she had him trace dotted lines of the letters, then half the dots were removed, then he wrote the letters on plain paper. This is called a. Stimulus control b. Stimulus fading c. Stimulus transfer (12)

B. Stimulus Fading

Task analysis is the process of breaking a task down into a ___________________ of smaller steps. a. Collection b. Large number c. Sequence (13)

C. Sequence

Task analysis is used for a. Progress monitoring b. Teaching c. Both A and B (13)

C. Both A & B

What is the most important factor in determining how detailed your task analysis should be? a. Needs of the user b. Task difficulty c. Time available for constructing it (13)

A. Needs of the user

There are four types of task analysis. a. True b. False (13)

B. False

Nicholas is reinforced for smoothing his sheets, tucking them in, and pulling the comforter up to the top of the bed,. His RBT places the pillows. This is an example of teaching bed making via a. Backward Chaining b. Forward Chaining c. Total Task Chaining (13)

B. Forward Chaining

Nancy's RBT puts her shoes on for her, straightens the tongue, and pulls the strings tight. Nancy then ties her shoes. Nancy is learning to put on her shoes via a. Backward Chaining b. Forward Chaining c. Total Task Chaining (13)

A. Backward Chaining

Nathan's Mom stands beside him while he brushes his teeth, allowing him to complete the tasks alone but prompting him if he skips steps or performs them incorrectly. Nathan is learning to brush his teeth via a. Backward Chaining b. Forward Chaining c. Total Task Chaining (13)

C. Total task chaining

Quincy wants to teach his student to complete a chain of tasks using Forward Chaining because the learner is more likely to comply with a difficult task if he has had several successes in a row before being presented with that difficult task. In other words, Quincy is relying on the concept of ____________________________________. a. behavioral momentum b. the Premack Principle c. total task chaining (13)

A. Behavioral momentum

Patrick has a short attention span for watching others and displays problem behaviors when presented with too many tasks in a row. What chaining procedure is probably best for him? a. Backward Chaining b. Forward Chaining c. Total Task Chaining (13)

B. Forward Chaining

Pandora loves attention and likes to learn how to do new things for herself. Pandora is a good candidate for total task chaining programs. a. True b. False (13)

A. True

Parasha is learning to make his bed. He struggles most with smoothing the sheets, but finds it easy to place his pillow and coverlet. He loves to see his bed completely made, but curses a great deal when smoothing the sheets. What form of chaining does this information suggest you try first? a. Backward Chaining b. Forward Chaining c. Total Task Chaining (13)

A. Backward chaining

A probe session is conducted to a. assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts b. To assess whether the person will initiate the task independently c. To assess the reason for multiple errors (13)

A. Assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts

Supervisors may use a TA to monitor your work. a. True b. False (13)

A. True

Task analysis steps may be used to create visual schedules for people to self-monitor their own activities. a. True b. False (13)

A. True

Data collection is an important part of ABA, but not essential as long as we are using evidence-based practices. a. True b. False (14)

B. False

The seminal 1968 article outlining the dimensions of applied behavior analysis was written by a. Baer, Wolf, and Risley b. Keller and Skinner c. Skinner (14)

A. Baer, Wolf, and Rinsley

The acronym for remembering the dimensions of applied behavior analysis a. Drive a Car b. Get a Cab c. Ride a Bus (14)

B. Get a cab

Frequency and rate are the same thing. a. True b. False c. People argue about this. (14)

C. People argue about this

Discontinuous data collection requires a. constant observation b. large spans of observation time c. sampling (14)

C. Sampling

Scatterplots are used to determine a. The function of a behavior b. The frequency of a behavior c. The time distribution of a behavior (14)

C. The time distribution of behavior

In partial interval data collection, the behavior must occur for the duration of a time interval. a. True b. False (14)

B. False

Permanent Product Recording means archiving data in such a way that it is available for future comparisons. a. True b. False (17)

B. False

Which of the following is a common application for permanent product recording data collection? a. Academics b. Behavior Reduction c. Fluency Building (17)

A. Academics

Which of the following data collection methods poses a risk that the data may not actually belong to the client? a. Partial Interval b. Permanent Product Recording c. PLA-CHECK (17)

B. Permanent Product Recording

Permanent product recording is an indirect method of data collection. a. True b. False (17)

A. True

All data should be graphed. a. True b. False (18)

A. True

Graphing is required, but RBTs have a great deal of flexibility about how to set up their graphs to best show the data. a. True b. False (18)

B. False

Graphs provide clarity for making decisions about treatment. a. True b. False (18)

A. True

The title of a graph should always be centered at the top. a. True b. False (18)

B. False

The size of a graph should be adjusted to emphasize change in the behavior. a. True b. False (18)

B. False

It is a good idea to crop unimportant data out of your graph. a. True b. False (18)

B. False

When adding explanatory text to a graph, where should it go? a. Inside the plot area b. Outside the plot area c. It depends (18)

A. Inside the plot area

In which of the following types of graph is it acceptable to use color? a. Bar charts b. Line graphs c. Color is never to be used. (18)

C. Color is never to be used

If a client has an extraordinary day with a high rate of behavior that is not likely to be repeated in the future, you do not have to adjust the y-axis to accommodate it. a. True b. False (18)

A. True

A major condition change line is a solid vertical line. a. True b. False (18)

A. True

You are setting up a spreadsheet to graph data into a line chart. You are tracking three target behaviors across three major conditions on this graph. How many columns do you need in order to create this graph? a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 (19)

B. 6

Condition phase change lines are created in Excel with the ________________ function. a. Error Bars b. Format c. Phase Change (19)

A. Error bars

When setting up your data to graph in Excel, begin with baseline and enter no other data on that line except for the height of the major phase change line that marks it. a. True b. False (19)

B. False

When graphing in Excel, gridlines should be a. Gray b. Horizontal only c. Removed (19)

C. Removed

By default, Excel will plot the x-axis based on a. the highest number in your data set b. the number of rows in your data set c. the numbers you plot in the column you title "date" (19)

B. the number of rows in your data set

Bar charts can be used for categorical data or time series data. a. True b. False (19)

B. False

To create a bar chart in Excel, select the Bar Chart option from the Chart menu. a. True b. False (19)

B. False

To differentiate bars in a bar chart, use a. Colors b. Patterns c. Shades of Gray (19)

B. Patterns

How many columns of data are required to create a scatterplot? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 (19)

B. 2

Scatterplot markers should be connected by a line. a. True b. False (19)

B. False

When creating a scatterplot in Excel, how many places do you have to adjust the settings in order to create black data points? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 (19)

C. 2

One advantage of automatic graphing software is a. Time Savings b. Error Reduction c. Both A and B (19)

C. Both A & B

One disadvantage of using automatic graphing software is a. garbage in, garbage out b. variances from ABA-approved graphing style c. both a and b (19)

C. Both A & B

The main advantage of automatic graphing software is that you do not have to double-check the accuracy like you do with human-generated graphing. a. True b. False (19)

B. False

RBTs are not allowed to administer standardized assessments. a. True b. False (20)

A. True

Structured observations often occur in natural settings. a. True b. False (20)

A. True

It is unethical for an RBT to be an interventionist and to be an informant on a skills assessment. a. True b. False (20)

B. False

A standardized assessment is one that a. must be administered and scored in exactly the same manner every time b. must utilize principles of applied behavior analysis c. both a and b (20)

A. Must be administered and scored in exactly the same manner every time

Standardized assessments must be administered by a proctor. a. True b. False (20)

B. False

Any variation from standardized testing procedures should be reported to your BCBA supervisor. a. True b. False (20)

A. True

Developmental checklists are used with a. Infants and toddlers b. Senior Citizens c. Teenagers (20)

A. Infants & toddlers

Diagnostic assessments may be completed by a. Psychologists b. BCBAs c. Both a and b (20)

A. Psychologists

Behavior analytic assessments are used to identify specific target behaviors, collect baseline information, and a. diagnose specific conditions b. modify diagnostic impressions c. monitor treatment outcomes (20)

C. Monitor treatment outcomes

Skills that serve as building blocks for larger behavior skills or skill sets are called a. component skills b. composite skills c. deficit skills (20)

A. Component skills

Behavior analysis professionals engage in a process of assessment / treatment / assessment. This is called a. the baseline approach b. repeated measures c. standardized assessment (20)

B. Repeated measures

Shoe tying would be assessed using what type of assessment? a. Adaptive skills b. Communication skills c. Pre-academics (20)

A. Adaptive skills

Language and communication skills assessments conducted by behavior analysts will focus on a. Expressive language b. Receptive language c. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior (20)

C. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior

For the purposes of assessment, sexuality is considered a(n) a. adaptive skill b. problem behavior c. social skill (20)

C. Social skill

One example of a pre-academic skill is a. Matching to sample b. Sitting in seat c. Both a and b (20)

C. Both A & B

Preference assessments and reinforcer assessments are NOT the same thing. a. True b. False (21)

A. True

In a _________________________ preference assessment, the individual is allowed to approach any stimulus desired and interact with it for as long as they want. a. Free Operant b. Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement c. Single Stimulus (21)

A. Free Operant

In single stimulus preference assessments, children are given free access to a room full of toys, but must choose only one to play with. a. True b. False (21)

B. False

To get the best results from a preference assessment, be sure to include items the person has never seen. a. True b. False (21)

B. False

In this preference assessment, children have access to a variety of toys and can interact with one or more as they choose. a. Free Operant b. Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement c. Single Stimulus (21)

A. Free operant

If using discontinuous data collection method for free operant preference assessments, the preferred method is a. Whole interval b. Momentary Time Sampling c. Partial Interval (21)

C. Partial Interval

The preference assessment method in which children are presented with one item at a time. a. Free Operant b. Paired Stimulus c. Single Stimulus (21)

C. Single stimulus

The data collection method for single stimulus preference assessment a. Duration b. Latency c. Momentary Time Sampling (21)

A. Duration

In which of the following preference assessments is the individual only allowed to choose each item one time? a. Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement b. Multiple Stimulus With Replacement c. Paired Stimulus (21)

A. Multiple stimulus without replacement

The end product of a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement preference assessment is items scoring based on _______________________________________________________. a. duration of engagement b. percent of opportunities c. rank ordering (21)

C. Rank ordering

Multiple Stimulus with Replacement is a hybrid of Multiple Stimulus without Replacement and Paired Stimulus preference assessments. a. True b. False (21)

A. True

Multiple Stimulus with Replacement is scored by rank ordering. a. True b. False (21)

A. True

Which of the following preference assessments usually takes the longest to administer? a. Free Operant b. Multiple Stimulus With Replacement c. Paired Stimulus (21)

C. Paired stimulus

Preferences are subject to satiation effects, while reinforcers are not. a. True b. False (21)

B. False

Reinforcer assessments are a specific form of a. discrete trial training b. preference assessment c. single case design (21)

C. Single Case Design

To determine whether a preference is a reinforcer, compare behavior rates when the preferred item is presented after the behavior with behavior rates when a. no specific consequence is delivered b. a known neutral consequence is delivered c. either a or b (21)

C. Either A or B

Problem behaviors are culturally determined. a. True b. False (22)

A. True

A behavior is generally considered problematic when it occurs too frequently, too intensely or a. in the wrong context b. unfairly c. with the wrong people (22)

A. In the wrong context

The nature-nurture debate is decided. a. True b. False (22)

B. False

Problem behaviors often occur because of skill deficits. a. True b. False (22)

A. True

Problem behaviors may lead to negative outcomes such as a. health problems b. social isolation c. both a and b (22)

C. Both A & B

Modern research indicates biology can influence behavior. a. True b. False (22)

A. True

Modern research indicates environmental factors can influence genetic development. a. True b. False (22)

A. True

Early intervention is important for language development because of __________________________. a. critical periods for development b. harmful parenting practices c. exposure to toxins can only be reversed in infancy (22)

A. Critical periods for development

Which of the following has ABA been shown to be effective for treating? a. Depression b. Smoking c. neither a nor b (22)

C. Neither A nor B

Topography is the most important part of assessing problem behavior. a. True b. False (22)

B. False

The description of the intensity of a behavior is a part of its a. ecological assessment b. functional assessment c. topographical assessment (22)

C. Topographical assessment

FBAs seek to determine the purpose a problem behavior serves. a. True b. False (22)

A. True

Which of the following is included in a functional behavior assessment? a. A description of the environmental requirements for successful functioning b. A description of the supervision style of the parent or teacher c. Identification of reinforcers that are maintaining the behavior. (22)

C. Identification of reinforcers that are maintaining the behavior

Assessment of the environmental requirements for successful functioning is called a. ecological assessment b. functional assessment c. topographical assessment (22)

A. Ecological assessment

Ecological assessment results are used to develop a. antecedent interventions b. skill building goals c. both a and b (22)

C. Both A & B

ABA-based treatments for problem behavior include antecedent interventions, consequence management, and a. bribery b. rewards c. skill building (22)

C. Skill building

Choosing treatments based on diagnosis is based on the _________________ model of care. a. Genetic b. Medical c. Psychosocial (22)

B. Medical

Research unequivocally supports the idea that authoritarian parenting is bad for children. a. True b. False (22)

B. False

Systems such as schools and workplaces usually deal with problem behavior through the process called ____________________________. a. Applied Behavior Analysis b. Progressive Discipline c. Neither A nor B (22)

B. Progressive discipline

The U.S. political system is designed to ensure citizens are provided with access to evidence-based education and treatment. a. True b. False (22)

B. False

Functions of behavior can be classified in several ways, including social vs _____________ a. Automatic b. Non-social c. Universal (23)

A. Automatic

SEAT stands for a. Self, Everyone, Alone, Together b. Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangibles c. Start Everyone At the Top (23)

B. Sensory, escape, attention, tangibles

Mary and Murray could be exhibiting the exact same behavior at the exact same time in the exact same setting for totally different functions. a. True b. False (23)

A. True

Multi-function behaviors do not really exist. a. True b. False (23)

B. False

For a reinforcer to be positive, it must a. add a stimulus to the environment b. be pleasant c. build socially desirable skills in the individual (23)

A. Add a stimulus to the environment

Shared enjoyment of an activity is considered attention. a. True b. False (23)

A. True

Reprimands can function as positive reinforcement. a. True b. False (23)

A. True

When people engage in behaviors that function to get access to "stuff," the function is a. Access to tangibles b. Control c. Financial (23)

A. Access to tangibles

I scream at my friend and he leaves. The next time I want him to leave, I scream at him again. What process of reinforcement is at work? a. Social positive b. Social negative c. Automatic negative (23)

B. Social Negative

When a behavior is said to lead to escape or avoidance of tasks, the reinforcement category is a. automatic negative b. social negative c. social positive (23)

B. Social Negative

Automatic reinforcement is reinforcement delivered noncontingently. a. True b. False (23)

B. False

Anthony walks an extra three blocks so he will not run in to his ex-girlfriend on his way to work. This is an __________________ behavior. a. attention-seeking b. avoidance c. escape (23)

B. Avoidance

Automatic reinforcement is usually related to ___________________ behaviors. a. Attention-maintained b. Avoidance c. Sensory (23)

C. Sensory

Problematic self-stimulatory behavior is often also categorized as a. attention-seeking b. avoidant c. stereotypical (23)

C. Stereotypical

Stereotypical behaviors sometimes include objects. a. True b. False (23)

A. True

People with severe intellectual disabilities who engage in self-injurious behavior are usually trying to commit suicide. a. True b. False (23)

B. False

Behaviors that have a sensory function are always reinforced via automatic positive reinforcement. a. True b. False (23)

B. False

A process used to examine the antecedents and consequences of behaviors in order to determine the purpose of the behavior. a. Functional Behavior Assessment b. Neurological Testing c. Psychological Examination (24)

A. Functional behavior assessment

There are two main approaches for conducting an FBA. a. True b. False (24)

A. True

Another name for the three-term contingency a. ABCs of behavior b. Functional Analysis c. Positive Reinforcement (24)

A. ABCs of behavior

Antecedents come __________________ the behavior and ___________________ the consequence. a. after, before b. before, after c. before, before (24)

C. Before, before

Stimuli are types of a. antecedents b. consequences c. both a and b (24)

C. Both A & B

The three-term contingency becomes the four-term contingency if we add a. motivating operations b. punishers c. reinforcers (24)

A. Motivating operations

When collecting ABC data in a descriptive functional behavior assessment, consequences are groups into _______________ categories. a. arbitrary b. functional c. superfluous (24)

B. Functional

One way to complete a descriptive functional behavior assessment is to derive a function based on interviews and questionnaires. a. True b. False (24)

B. False

RBTs may be asked to conduct interviews or administer questionnaires as part of the FBA process. a. True b. False (24)

B. False

An RBT may use the results of an interview or questionnaire conducted by the BCBA to a. decide whether to conduct a descriptive or experimental FBA b. develop a schedule of observations for ABC recording c. collect items for a preference assessment. (24)

C. Collect items for a preference assessment

The form of functional behavior assessment that directly tests antecedents and consequences to determine function a. Descriptive Functional Assessment b. Experimental Functional Analysis c. Both a and b (25/26)

B. Experimental functional analysis

Functional Analysis uses _______________________________ research design. a. Control Group b. Quasi-experimental c. Single Subject (25/26)

C. Single subject

Functional analysis provides higher certainty results with lower response effort than descriptive functional assessment. a. True b. False (25/26)

B. False

The IISCA is an approach to functional assessment that moves Iwata's test conditions into the natural environment. a. True b. False (25/26)

B. False

One way the Hanley model differs from the Iwata model is a. there are more test conditions b. the control condition is eliminated c. target behaviors are less specific (25/26)

C. Target behaviors are less specific

The IISCA conditions typically are run for 3-5 minutes at a time. a. True b. False (25/26)

A. True

Skill acquisition plans include goals, objectives, ___________________, and data collection. a. benchmarks b. materials c. timelines (27)

B. Materials

Skill acquisition goals are based on a. assessment results b. previous objectives c. session length (27)

A. Assessment results

Goals are more specific versions of benchmark objectives. a. True b. False (27)

B. False

Before a session, the RBT must ensure all ______________ are available, organized, and accessible. a. documents b. materials c. permissions (27)

B. Materials

Teaching should always occur in the same setting and at the same time. a. True b. False (27)

B. False

Skill acquisition plans include goals, objectives, ___________________, and data collection. a. benchmarks b. materials c. timelines (27)

B. Materials

Skill acquisition goals are based on a. assessment results b. previous objectives c. session length (27)

A. Assessment results

Goals are more specific versions of benchmark objectives. a. True b. False (27)

B. False

Which of the following is an example of shaping frequency? a. Each night, James is required to complete one more homework problem than he did the night before. b. James is given a packet of homework at the beginning of each week, with each night's work labeled. Anything he fails to complete for a given night is added to the next night's requirements. c. Neither a nor b (28)

A. Each night, James is required to complete one more homework problem than he did the night before.

A method of functional behavior assessment that combines the systematic comparison of variables used in functional analysis with ABC analysis in a natural setting is called a. Environmental Manipulation b. Naturalistic Analysis c. Participant Observation (28)

A. Environmental manipulation

Melody's dance teacher has her wear a device on her back that assists her to keep her back in the correct position. After two consecutive hours of practice with no slouching, the device is shortened by one inch. This is an example of shaping Melody's ____________. a. Attitude b. Endurance c. Precision (28)

C. Precision

When problem behaviors occur in a predictable chain, BCBAs may target only the _____________ behavior in the chain in order to shape the behavior. a. first b. last c. most dangerous (28)

A. First

The term "successive approximations" refers to the behavior change methodology called a. backward chaining b. forward chaining c. shaping (28)

C. Shaping

When my supervisor presents me with multiple situations to see if I know when to implement a certain skill, (s)he clearly does not trust me to know what I am doing. a. True b. False (28)

B. False

Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is another name for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). a. True b. False (29)

B. False

Early Intensive Behavior Intervention (EIBI) is based on the work of _________________. a. Dixon b. Lindsley c. Lovaas (29)

C. Lovaas

Discrete Trial Training consists of massed trials of stimulus - response - reinforcement. a. True b. False (29)

A. True

Discrete Trials are usually presented at a slower pace so that the child with Autism has enough time to process what is being asked. a. True b. False (29)

B. False

DTT sessions usually expose the child to only one question repeatedly to ensure correct responding. a. True b. False (29)

B. False

Which of the following is NOT a teaching phase of DTT? a. Generalization b. Stimulus Control c. Toleration (29)

C. Toleration

The stage of learning in which a new skill is taught a. Acquisition b. Discrimination c. Stimulus Control (29)

A. Aquisition

Behavior occurs in the presence of specific stimuli but not in the presence of similar stimuli. a. Discrimination b. Generalization c. Maintenance (29)

A. Discrimination

Stimulus in the presence of which, reinforcement is not available. a. Discriminative Stimulus b. Generalization Stimulus c. Stimulus Delta (29)

C. Stimulus delta

Teaching multiple examples of the SD and the SΔ until the concept is able to be applied to untrained stimuli a. Discrete Trial Training b. Multiple Exemplar Training c. Natural Environment Training (29)

B. Multiple exemplar training

Exposing a child to only round things to teach the concept of "circle" is then followed by pairing round things with triangles and asking the child to select the circle. a. Acquisition b. Discrimination c. Generalization (29)

B. Discrimination

Teaching the child to identify a circle using a picture of a circle, a ball, and a round puzzle piece, then presenting a hamburger and a ham sandwich and asking them to choose the round object. a. Acquisition b. Generalization c. Maintenance (29)

B. Generalization

Generalization training and discrimination training can be conducted together. a. True b. False (29)

A. True

Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training a. Discrimination b. Generalization c. Stimulus Control (29)

B. Generalization

Drinking water because you are thirsty instead of waiting on an adult to tell you to drink is an example of a. Generalization b. Maintenance c. Stimulus Control (29)

C. Stimulus control

Maintenance trials usually occur less often over time. a. True b. False (29)

A. True

The best way to ensure a child maintains a skill learned through DTT is to select skills that are used in natural contexts. a. True b. False (29)

A. True

Discrete Trial Training has been criticized for which of the following? a. Creating inflexible learners b. Lack of generalization of skills c. Both a and b (29)

C. Both A & B

Behavior Intervention Plans are derived from Functional Behavior Assessments. a. True b. False (30)

A. True

Behavior Intervention Plans are used in clinical settings only. a. True b. False (30)

B. False

BIPS are often revised. a. True b. False (30)

A. True (BIPS are revised as skills are obtained or new challenges arise)

Behavior Intervention Plans are confidential documents. a. True b. False (30)

A. True

All Behavior Intervention Plans must include data collection procedures. a. True b. False (30)

A. True

Behavior Intervention Plans typically include strategies for prevention as well as response to problem behavior. a. True b. False (30)

A. True

Crisis intervention plans often include procedures for a. de-escalation b. punishment c. time-out (30)

A. De-escalation

Crisis plans typically include components for prevention, de-escalation, and a. intervention b. re-integration c. seclusion (30)

B. Re-integration

After a crisis situation has stabilized, the first thing the RBT should do is complete the required written documentation. a. True b. False (30)

b. False (Verbal reports come first)

When documenting crisis intervention, ensure your reports are ________________, sequential, and complete. a. collective b. objective c. subjective (30)

B. Objective

What is wrong with including the following sentence in a report documenting a crisis situation? She wanted to be in control, so she threw the teacher's globe across the room. a. It is not complete. b. It is not objective c. It is not sequential (30)

B. It is not objective (It is not objective because it includes statements about what the person wanted instead of reporting only observable facts)

RBTs may participate in debriefing sessions as a a. leader b. participant c. RBTs do not participate in debriefing sessions. (30)

B. participant (If the RBT was present for the crisis intervention, they may be asked to participate in the debriefing)

Behavior intervention plans are sometimes difficult to implement in natural settings due to which of the following a. Demonstrated lack of efficacy of ABA in natural settings b. Systems barriers such as lack of resources and differing guiding philosophies c. Both A and B (30)

B. Systems barriers such as lack of resources and differing guiding philosophies

After the BCBA has conducted initial training with parents on their child's BIP, it is ok for the RBT to do an occasional refresher training if she observes them implementing it incorrectly. a. True b. False (30)

B. False

Which of the following teacher questions about a BIP is most likely appropriate for an RBT to answer? a. We are going on a field trip tomorrow. What should I do if he tries to run away while we are in the store? b. How many minutes do I put on the timer for his break today? c. Yesterday he spit on me, and that is not in the behavior plan. What should I have done? (30)

b. How many minutes do I put on the timer for his break today? (This is a small detail with a definite right/wrong answer that is likely to be included in a BIP. It is usually fine to issue a reminder about such things)

Implementing a behavior plan in a public setting brings new challenges because a. there are new antecedents and consequences for the learner b. there are new antecedents and consequences for the RBT c. both a and b (30)

c. both a and b (The situation is packed with new antecedents and consequences for the teacher and the learner, and these must be planned for in advance)

You are working with a learner whose BIP defines "tantrum" as screaming, crying, and throwing self to floor. While implementing her BIP today, she slapped the leg of a peer who walked by during a tantrum. The peer was not harmed, but was startled. What should you do? a. Have someone else monitor the children and immediately call your supervisor. b. Have someone else check on the peer while you continue to implement the tantrum procedure. Notify your BCBA as soon as the tantrum ends. c. Since no one was hurt, continue to implement the tantrum procedure and include information about the incident in your daily note. (30)

B. Have someone else check on the peer while you continue to implement the tantrum procedure. Notify your BCBA as soon as the tantrum ends. (this is the best decision. Your BCBA needs to know a new behavior occurred and that another child was targeted for aggression. This is an unusual occurrence but it is not a crisis, so you need to keep your eyes on the learner until the tantrum ends)

What is the most important factor in determining how detailed your task analysis should be? a. Needs of the user b. Task difficulty c. Time available for constructing it (31)

A. Needs of the user

The ultimate goal of prompting is to fade to a. natural cues b. textual prompts c. visual schedules (31)

A. Natural cues

Teaching procedures include prompting methods. error correction, and ______________. a. data collection b. discontinuation criteria c. reinforcement procedures (31)

C. Reinforcement procedures

Which of the following is an example of a prompting strategy to prevent problem behavior? a. Providing a model for how to complete an algebra problem b. Reducing the number of algebra problems required c. Both a and b (31)

A. Providing a model for how to complete an algebra problem

A significant portion of time for behavioral gerontologists is spent on helping older adults __________________ skills. a. Maintain existing skills b. Recover lost skills c. Both a and b (31)

C. Both A & B

Milton's RBT is collecting duration data on how much time he spends with friends all day on Friday. This is continuous data collection using continuous numbers. a. True b. False (31)

A. True

Reprimands can function as positive reinforcement. a. True b. False (31)

A. True

Which of the following has been shown to prevent problem behavior among children? a. Opportunities for choicemaking b. Providing a consistent schedule c. Both a and b (31)

C. Both A & B

Structured observations often occur in natural settings. a. True b. False (31)

A. True

This type of data collection is used to give the RBT feedback on performance in sessions with clients. a. Least effective prompt b. Treatment integrity c. Trials to criterion (31)

B. Treatment integrity

The four main conditions of an experimental functional analysis are: attention, escape, demand, and alone. a. True b. False (31)

B. False

Interventions designed to prevent problem behaviors. a. Antecedent interventions b. Punishment c. Both a and b (31)

A. Antecedent interventions

One example of an antecedent control strategy for a child motivated by escape a. Scheduled attention b. Scheduled breaks c. Both a and b (31)

B. Scheduled breaks

Antecedent-based approaches usually provide more rapid effects than consequence -based approaches. a. True b. False (31)

A. True

To get the best results from a preference assessment, be sure to include items the person has never seen. a. True b. False (31)

B. False

If the learner is responding in a way that is not addressed by the prompting, error correction, and reinforcement procedures, the RBT must a. deliver reinforcement b. increase the prompt level c. notify the BCBA (32)

C. Notify the BCBA

Extinction procedures will vary based on behavior ____________________ . a. function b. intensity c. topography (32)

A. Function

Extinction is defined as eliminating a previously learned behavior by withholding reinforcement. a. True b. False (32)

A. True

Positive behavior support seeks to eliminate the need for punishment. a. True b. False (32)

A. True

Extinction bursts are a. explanatory fiction b. temporary c. both a and b (32)

B. Temporary

The key to success with extinction is to combine it with punishment. a. True b. False (32)

B. False

Extinction can be explained as negative punishment. a. True b. False (32)

B. False

RBTs must follow skill acquisition plans exactly. a. True b. False (32)

A. True

Skill acquisition goals are based on a. assessment results b. previous objectives c. session length (32)

A. Assessment results

Creating a task analysis can be enhanced by a. Creating the TA by watching a video of someone completing the task. b. Following the steps of a completed TA to verify it is correct. c. Both A and B are correct. (32)

C. Both A & B are correct

Data collection procedures may also include information about completion criteria and reversal criteria. a. True b. False (32)

A. True

Skill acquisition plans include goals, objectives, ___________________, and data collection. a. benchmarks b. materials c. timelines (32)

B. Materials

For every target behavior, the behavior intervention plan should list the a. function b. replacement behavior c. both a and b (33)

C. Both A & B

Which of the following procedures includes extinction? a. Differential reinforcement b. Shaping c. Task Analysis (33)

A. Differential reinforcement

Which method of differential reinforcement allows reinforcement for ANY behavior except the target behavior? a. DRA b. DRI c. DRO (33)

C. DRO

Treatment integrity is best assessed through self report. a. True b. False (33)

B. False

Wesley wants to decrease his nail biting behavior using DRI. Which of the following replacement behaviors would be appropriate for that methodology? a. calling a friend b. chewing gum c. placing hands in pocket (33)

C. Placing hands in pocket

Heidi wants to increase her exercise. Currently she works out after work on average one day per week. The other days she goes out with friends. She has decided to shape her behavior by asking her friends to refuse to go out with her unless she has met her exercise goal for the week. The goal rate of exercise will be incrementally increased each week. This is a method of differential reinforcement called differential reinforcement of a. high rates of behavior b. incompatible behavior c. other behavior (33)

A. High rates of behavior

Typically a functional analysis session lasts a. 1 minute b. 10 minutes c. 1 hour (33)

B. 10 minutes

In the sentence "Millicent is malevolent." The word malevolent is a. an observable behavior b. an unobservable label (33)

B. An observable label

Differential reinforcement is a process of behavior change in which one behavior is reinforced while others are placed on extinction. a. True b. False (33)

A. True

If reprimands are the only form of attention given, they will become reinforcing. a. True b. False (33)

A. True

You should not contrive teaching situations in the NET. a. True b. False (34)

B. False

When implementing group ABA programs, it is important to monitor both processes and __________________. a. outcomes b. procedures c. purposes (34)

A. Outcomes

Natural environment teaching method in which the teacher observes the child’s point of interest, models the correct response, and requires the child to replicate the model. a. Discrete Trials b. Forward Chaining c. Mand-Model (34)

C. Mand-model

Teacher takes advantage of naturally occurring situations to teach the targeted skills. a. Chaining b. Differential Reinforcement c. Incidental Teaching (34)

C. Incidental teaching

If you are having difficulty establishing instructional control in a clinic setting, you may have better luck with natural environment training. a. True b. False (34)

B. False

Games can be used as reinforcers for social skills instruction. a. True b. False (35)

A. True

When should teaching systems and routines for school and work settings begin? a. After ensuring the person knows the content to be taught b. On the first day c. When you see that the learner(s) are not catching on without specific instruction (35)

B. On the first day

Ed watches his client and marks a box if the behavior of interest is displayed throughout the observed interval. Ed is using a. Momentary Time Sampling b. Partial Interval Recording c. Whole Interval Recording (35)

C. Whole interval recording

When we offer additional reinforcers the person can lose via problem behavior, we are using... a. Bonus response cost b. Overcorrection c. Positive Practice Overcorrection (35)

A. Bonus response cost

Behaviors that are negatively reinforced decrease over time. a. True b. False (35)

B. False

Behavioral skills training is not recommended for generalization training. a. True b. False (35)

B. False

Replacement behavior strategies must include reinforcement procedures. a. True b. False (35)

A. True

Games can be used as a natural activity for teaching social skills. a. True b. False (35)

A. True

When using games to teach skills, you should never modify the rules because you may confuse the learner. a. True b. False (35)

B. False

In which of the following types of group contingencies do all members win or lose together? A. good behavior game B. independent C. interdependent (36)

C. Interdependent

Mrs. Sallis has set a goal for everyone to score 50% higher on their post-test than they scored on their pre-tests. Every student who meets that goal will be able to participate in a pizza party at the end of the instructional unit. This is a(n) __________________ group contingency. A. dependent B. independent C. interdependent (36)

B. Independent

Group dependent contingencies may lead to stigmatization of one group member. A. True B. False (36)

A. True

Which type of group contingency capitalizes least on positive peer pressure? A. dependent B. independent C. interdependent (36)

B. Independent

Tokens are conditioned reinforcers. A. True B. False (36)

A. True

The basic elements of a token economy include target behaviors, token schedule, reinforcer menu, and ____________________ . A. expiration dates B. response cost C. spending rules (36)

C. Spending Rules

One commonly used variation on a token economy is a A. macro-economy B. micro-economy C. points system (36)

C. Points System

All token economy systems should include a response cost component. A. True B. False (36)

B. False

In the Good Behavior Game, students are divided into teams and the team with the most points at the end of the day earns a special reward. A. True B. False (36)

B. False

Group membership can be rotated in the Good Behavior Game. A. True B. False (36)

A. True

The Good Behavior Game and Token Economy are not intended to be implemented simultaneously. A. True B. False (36)

B. False

If students are not earning reinforcement in the Good Behavior Game, the first thing your BCBA will consider adjusting is A. the goal B. the reinforcement interval C. the group membership (36)

B. The reinforcement interval

PBIS is not based on the principles of behavior analysis A. True B. False (36)

B. False

School-wide PBIS eliminates the need for functional assessment and individualized behavior intervention plans. A. True B. False (36)

B. False

Positive behavior support is only used in school settings. A. True B. False (36)

B. False

What determines whether a particular professional serves on a person-centered planning team? a. Assessment results b. Client choice c. Services the family is requesting (37)

B. Client choice

RBTs who serve on person-centered planning teams may face several types of ethical dilemmas, including a. competence boundaries b. multiple relationships Your Answer: incorrect c. both other options (37)

Person-centered planning teams are the same as IEP teams. a. True b. False (37)

B. False

A teacher suspects that students who can say all of their multiplication facts in under two minutes perform better on three-digit by two-digit division. What type of graph would be useful for determining if this is true? a. Bar chart b. Line chart c. Scatterplot (37)

C. Scatterplot

Joey likes to hear his mother scream, so he walks around the house making a squeaky noise she does not like. She tries to ignore it, but after about 8- 10 iterations, she screams. What reinforcement schedule is this? a. Fixed interval b. Fixed ratio c. Variable ratio (37)

C. Variable ratio

Teacher takes advantage of naturally occurring situations to teach the targeted skills. a. Chaining b. Differential Reinforcement c. Incidental Teaching (37)

C. Incidental teaching

Alice collected data at the same time and place every day for two weeks. Her data may not be a. Accurate b. Representative c. Significant (37)

B. Representative

Some problem behaviors disappear when personally valued outcomes are honored through the process of person-centered planning. a. True b. False (37)

A. True

Fred is working with Ricky to decrease ranting behavior (defined as high volume rapid speech containing curse words and complaints). The best way to measure this would most likely be a. Frequency count of the words he says during a rant b. Inter-response time between rants c. Duration of rant (37)

C. Duration of rant

If you arrive to an in-home service appointment and the child's parent tells you they are not interested in continuing services, you should a. Ask questions about why and wait at the home until the BCBA arrives b. leave the home and immediately notify the supervising BCBA c. try to convince them to continue with services until the BCBA can schedule an appointment with them to discuss their concerns and options. (38)

B. Leave the home and immediately notify the supervising BCBA

The data you collect in session serves as your session notes. a. True b. False (38)

B. False

Comprehension requirements for informed consent can be met by explaining the treatment plan, potential outcomes, and ____________________ . a. alternative treatments b. guaranteed outcomes c. both options (38)

A. Alternative treatments

Minors have no say in whether or not they receive services. a. True b. False (38)

B. False

Teaching by reinforcing the sequential completion of steps in a task analysis a. Chaining b. Differential Reinforcement c. Shaping (38)

A. Chaining

Abuse may be physical, emotional, mental, or _______________________. a. cruel b. sexual c. verbal (38)

RBTs can only be supervised by BCBAs. a. True b. False (39)

B. False

Christy's 17-year-old son is in your adolescent social skills group. He disclosed that he has a girlfriend but his mother will not allow him to go on a date with her. He wants you to role play talking to his mother about this. You are sure his mother will pull him out of the group if you do, though. What do you do? a. Call his mother and ask permission to do this role play. b. Call your BACB supervisor for instructions. c. Do the role play. (39)

B. Call your BACB supervisor for instructions

The RBT code of ethics encourages you to solve most ethical conflicts by a. deferring to your supervisor b. directly discussing the issue with the person with whom the conflict is occurring c. calling the BACB for guidance (39)

B. Directly discussing the issue with the person with whom the conflict is occurring

Rate and frequency counts require ___________________ behaviors. a. Covert b. Discrete c. Subjective (39)

B. Discrete

Which of the following situations should be immediately reported to the BACB? a. You received a DUI b. A client filed a complaint against you with the state licensing board c. Both options (39)

C. Both options

Person-Centered Planning is a systems-oriented approach to planning services for people who have developmental disabilities. a. True b. False (39)

A. True

RBTs must have supervision for 10% of their hours worked delivering behavior analytic services. A. True B. False (40)

B. False

Only a BCBA or BCaBA can provide supervision for an RBT. A. True B. False (40)

B. False

In order for your supervisor at an agency to serve as your official RBT supervisor, they must A. have additional training in supervision B. be listed on the BACB registry as your supervisor C. both options (40)

C. Both options: (have completed the required 8-hour supervision training and be listed on the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) registry as your supervisor)

Your supervisor is responsible for A. ensuring you behave ethically B. ensuring you know how to correctly implement procedures C. everything you do as an RBT (40)

C. Everything you do as an RBT

How many times must you meet with your supervisor each month? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 (40)

B. 2

If you deliver RBT services without a supervisor, the BACB may immediately cancel your credential. A. True B. False (40)

A. True

The BACB offers a "voluntary inactive" status for RBTs who are not working currently, but wish to retain their credential. A. True B. False (40)

A. True

Your supervisor must observe you working with a client at every supervision session. A. True B. False (40)

B. False

One example of a permanent product your supervisor might review is a A. session note B. video recording C. both options (40)

C. Both options

The teaching and feedback method your BCBA supervisor is most likely to utilize with you during supervision A. Behavioral Skills Training B. Differential Reinforcement C. Forward Chaining (40)

A. Behavioral skills training

Which of these is an example of indirect supervision activity? A. Modeling how to work with a client B. Reviewing your progress in your professional development plan C. Role-playing how to implement a procedure (40)

B. Reviewing your progress in your professional development plan

It is not acceptable to discuss conflicts you are having with coworkers during supervision. A. True B. False (40)

B. False

It is only necessary to discuss ethical conflicts with your supervisor if you are not sure how to resolve them. A. True B. False (40)

B. False

Your supervisor can use supervision time to help you with your plans to become a BCaBA. A. True B. False (40)

A. True (This is a professional growth element that is appropriate for supervision time)

Your supervisor may ask you to evaluate their supervisory style on a frequent basis. A. True B. False (40)

A. True

Which of these situations should be immediately reported to your supervisor? A. a client who is usually compliant displays several problem behaviors in session B. a family reported to you that they are going on vacation next month and will not need services C. you realize that the recent death of your nephew is leading to you wanting to spend more time with clients who physically resemble him (40)

C. you realize that the recent death of your nephew is leading to you wanting to spend more time with clients who physically resemble him

Which of the following situations should be immediately reported to your supervisor? A. A client is considering terminating services due to dissatisfaction with the organization B. A client is scheduling a vacation next month that will interfere with your ability to get all of your hours C. You are accommodating a client request that you to take off your shoes when entering their home (40)

A. A client is considering terminating services due to dissatisfaction with the organization

If you are not sure what to do next in your session, and a mistake might cause a significant problem, the best plan of action is to A. contact your supervisor before implementing the procedure B. make the best decision you can and then discuss it with your supervisor at the next supervisory session C. skip the procedure and let the next RBT do that one (40)

A. Contact your supervisor before implementing the procedure (If the consequences of a mistake are likely to be significant, this justifies immediately contacting your supervisor)

If you have personal issues that are interfering with your ability to do your work, you must report this to your supervisor. A. True B. False (40)

A. True (You do not have to go into specifics, but you do need to report issues that impair your work performance to your supervisor)

Ed is collecting data on a student's latency to initiate work when instructed to do so by his teacher, but the student's goal is to increase duration of work. His data is not ____________________. a. Accurate b. Representative c. Relevant (Cumulative Exam)

PLA-CHECK underestimates behavior. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

When in doubt about where to make an abuse report, call a. the designated official for your organization b. the police c. your supervisor (Cumulative Exam)

Explain the skill, model the skill, watch the learner perform the skill, and provide feedback a. Behavioral Skills Training b. Forward Chaining c. Task Analysis (Cumulative Exam)

Which of the following behavior analysis professionals are not usually required to hold a state-issued professional license? a. Assistant Behavior Analysts b. Behavior Analysts c. Registered Behavior Technicians (Cumulative Exam)

C. Registered behavior technicians

If you are having difficulty establishing instructional control in a clinic setting, you may have better luck with natural environment training. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

B. False

Fred has noticed that when Ricky ends a rant, he typically pauses for three or four minutes then resumes ranting. He decided to introduce a self-calming activity during the pause to try to eliminate the repetitive rants or at least extend the amount of time between iterations. To assess effectiveness, he would need to collect ____________________ data. a. Frequency b. Inter-response Time c. Latency

If a problem behavior has a lower-value precursor behavior, it is usually better to wait until the behavior has escalated before implementing the punishment. a. True b. False

A. Providing a model for how to complete an algebra problem

People who serve on person-centered planning teams keep within the boundaries of their professional roles. a. True b. False

Behavior is a. immeasurable and subjective b. objective and measurable c. observable and measurable

Three professional organizations interested in behavior analysis are: a. ABAI, APBA, BACB b. APBA, BACB, BAAA c. BACB, PBAA, SEAA

A. ABAI, APBA, BACB

One common use of extinction is a. safety behaviors b. teaching right from wrong c. toddler tantrums for tangibles

Reinforcer is another word for "reward." a. True b. False

If you are uncertain about cultural preferences of a family in whose home you are working, the best thing to do is to read many books about the culture and act according to what you learn through your reading. a. True b. False

B. False

Reinforcement can be based on... a. presentation or removal b. punishment or reward c. reward or coercion (Cumulative Exam)

A. presentation or removal

To get the best results from a preference assessment, be sure to include items the person has never seen. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

B. False

Usually, data collection in a functional analysis is based on a. Duration b. Frequency c. Momentary Time Sampling (Cumulative Exam)

B. Frequency

Interventions designed to prevent problem behaviors. a. Antecedent interventions b. Punishment c. Both a and b (Cumulative Exam)

A. Antecedent Interventions

NET introduces certain concerns that are less prominent in clinic-based services, such as a. confidentiality b. safety c. both a and b (Cumulative Exam)

C. Both A & B

The usefulness of environmental manipulation depends upon the degree of preparation. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

True

Data collection procedures may also include information about completion criteria and reversal criteria. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

Behavioral skills training is not recommended for generalization training. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

B. False

Self-stimulatory behavior is repetitive non-purposeful movements or sounds. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

The BACB's codes of ethics for RBTs has three sections: general responsibilities, responsibilities in service delivery, and responsibilities to _____________________. a. self-monitor b. the supervisor and BACB c. clients (Cumulative Exam)

B. The supervisor and BACB

Fred is working with Ricky to decrease his ranting behavior by having him insert a pause before responding to stimuli that typically precede a rant. Inserting a pause is the replacement behavior. Which of the following methods could you use to measure Ricky's progress with using the replacement behavior? a. Duration of rant b. Frequency of rants c. Latency between stimulus and rant (Cumulative Exam)

C. Latency between stimulus and rant

It is unethical for an RBT to be an interventionist and to be an informant on a skills assessment. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

B. False

What is a process for determining the environmental events that elicit problem behavior? a. Antecedent Analysis b. Applied Behavior Analysis c. Functional Behavior Assessment (Cumulative Exam)

C. Functional behavior assessment

Which of the following is NOT a method of differential reinforcement? a. DRA b. DRE c. DRI (Cumulative Exam)

B. DRE

B. Stimulus fading

Valid data is reliable data. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

Abuse reporting laws exist to protect children and ______________ adults. a. cognitively impaired b. physically impaired c. vulnerable (Cumulative Exam)

C. Vulnerable (?)

In teaching echoics, we shape by reinforcing ____________________________ before requiring correct words. a. similar words b. word approximations c. both a and b (Cumulative Exam)

B. Word approximations

In order to ensure a behavior definition is complete, it is often important to include a. completion criteria b. confidence intervals c. exclusionary examples (Cumulative Exam)

C. Exclusionary examples

It is acceptable to change two components of a single behavior in one shaping schedule. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

Some of the forefathers of behavior analysis conducted experiments that ethical codes of today would not allow. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

When communicating with supervisors, coworkers, clients, and other stakeholders, RBTs should be striving to demonstrate a. authority and power b. deference and competence c. dignity and respect (Cumulative Exam)

C. Dignity & respect

Madelyn observed her client and marks an interval box if the behavior occurs at any point during the interval. Madelyn is using a. Momentary Time Sampling b. Partial Interval Recording c. Whole Interval Recording (Cumulative Exam)

B. Partial interval recording

Count of the number of trials required to achieve a predetermined level of performance. a. Least effective prompt b. Treatment integrity c. Trials to criterion (Cumulative Exam)

C. Trials to criterion

B. Generalization

RBT: "Where should we go?" Child: "The aquarium!." In this scenario, the child's response is a(n) ____________________. a. intraverbal b. mand c. tact (Cumulative Exam)

A. Intraverbal

Task analysis is used for a. Progress monitoring b. Teaching c. Both A and B (Cumulative Exam)

C. Both A & B

Crisis intervention plans often include procedures for a. de-escalation b. punishment c. time-out (Cumulative Exam)

A. De-escalation

In school-wide PBIS, emphasis is placed on a. antecedent interventions b. enforcing school-wide disciplinary codes c. both a and b (Cumulative Exam)

B. Enforcing school-wide disciplinary codes(?)

Automatic reinforcement is usually related to ___________________ behaviors. a. Attention-maintained b. Avoidance c. Sensory (Cumulative Exam)

C. Sensory

Extinction is defined as eliminating a previously learned behavior by withholding reinforcement. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

Problem behaviors are culturally determined. a. True b. False (Cumulative Exam)

A. True

The theory that knowledge derives from sensory experience is known as a. Behaviorism b. Empiricism c. Rationalism (Cumulative Exam)

B. Empiricism

The acronym to remember for goal setting is A. GOAL B. ROUNDUP C. SMART

C. SMART

Which of the following statements is true? A. A conditioned stimulus becomes a neutral stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus C. An unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with a neutral stimulus

B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

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