how does efteling call themselves
the enchanting dutch fairytale theme park in the netherlands
year efteling
1952, as a fairytale forest
definition theme park
an amusement park in which the structures and settings are based on a central theme
elements theme park
- thematic identity
- closed space with controlled access
- hybrid consumption (combi of passive and active activities)
- performative labor
- merchandising
6 disney parks
- disneyland anaheim, disney world orlando, tokyo disneyland, disneyland paris, hong kong disneyland, shanghai disneyland
zeitgeist
tijdsgeest, the attitudes and ideas that are generally common there at that time
leisure parks time
16th centurty, european medieval fairs
theme park invented time
20th century
first real themepark
disneyland anaheim, 1955
glocalisation in theme parks
Locally familiar elements to cater to the culture and tastes of visitors
failure themepark
euro disney, Euro Disney gave people who couldn’t afford to go to America an identical experience as same as in America. However, the Euro Disney was failed to please French visitors, even European visitors but made them to complain about the long lines, and poor service. + mismanagement
3 types television programmes
- home-grown
-remakes and formats - canned programmes(friends)
canned programs
Different options
* IP that is ‘intrinsically’ global or international
* Subtitles or dubbing
* Small tweaks
* Censorship
* changing the title
formats
Not a completed programme but a formula for making a programme
* Not just ‘an idea’ but a detailed way of realising it, of ‘making it work’
* Not just ‘an idea’ but often a brand and a multiplatform experience (X Factor,
The Voice, Strictly Come Dancing, Masterchef, etc. )
* Common across different genres: not only reality TV and talent shows but also
“scripted” entertainment: sitcoms, drama etc.
format license (chalaby)
Moran: ‘license to produce and to broadcast a national version of a copyrighted foreign
tv programme and to use its name
included in the format bible
- Format guide and production “bible”
- Scripts
- Blueprint and specification of set
- Music
- Visual graphics
- Titles
- Programme tapes
- Computer software
- Ratings
- Scheduling slots
- Consultancy
closed adaptations
- Studio programmes such as quiz shows
- Limited room for adaptation (often only the host, contestants, and questions)
open adaptations
- Remakes of fiction series
- Reality shows in a ‘natural’ setting: Farmer wants a Wife, Married at First
Sight, etc. - A certain amount of room for adaptation (e.g. locations, culture, etc
geocultural paradox
- Globalisation: international market
- Cultural appropriation: local market
common focus in media studies
production, content, audience
production
Location and logistics
* Technical and technological aspects
* Expertise of company and crew
* Local talent: actors, hosts, etc.
* Legal aspects: different laws regarding filming permits, labor, copyright, product
placement, censorship etc.
* Budget: should cover all aspects of production and any additional expenses
* Local partners
* Structure of the local television market
* Scheduling patterns: time slot length, series length
* Different distribution channels (e.g., for marketing and promotion)
* Etc.
audience
Size of target market, its demographics and socio-economics
* Language
* Sociopolitical context
* Media and entertainment consumption, viewing habits
* Local competition
* Cultural differences and preferences : norms and values (e.g., Hofstede model!),
cultural symbols, history, etc.
content/text
Language: includes dialogue, but also idioms and slang
* References to local culture, history, traditions, music, norms and values,
preoccupations and prejudices, or current events
* Humour: often relies on language, culture, and context
* Names of people, places, products, etc.
* Storyline, storytelling, character (development)
* Cast
* Etc.
keinonen (2016) finland application:
an interactive process of negotiation between production, text and audience /// an adaptation always demands individual authorship and creativity
