lithium flame
crimson red
sodium flame
yellow
potassium flame
lilac
calcium flame
orange- red
copper flame
blue-green
calcium precipitate
white
copper precipitate
blue
iron (II) precipitate
green
iron (III) precipitate
orange- brown
zinc precipitate
White at first
re dissolves into excess sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
forms a colourless solution
instrumental methods of analysis
very sensitive and analyse small amounts
very accurate
carry out analysis quickly