1
Q
- What do smart textiles do?
A
Perceive and respond to stimuli from the enviorment and adapt by integrating a technological functionality in the structure
2
Q
- What can you compare a thermal stimuli/response to ?
A
The body giving thermal impulses through body temperature
3
Q
- What are the smart textiles categories? And what do they do?
A
Passive can sense, active can react and ultra smart can monitor data
4
Q
- What can passive smart textiles do?
A
Detect external influences without electronic components
5
Q
- What are some examples of passive smart textiles?
A
conductive yarns, optical fibers, textile sensors
6
Q
- What can conductive materials do?
A
Conduct electricity through a yarn that consist of a conductive core, coated/ embedded with an electrical conductive element like metal
7
Q
- What can you measure conductivity with?
A
a multimeter
8
Q
- What is a multimeter?
A
An electrical measuring device used to measure electrical units (Voltage, Current, Resistance)
9
Q
- What do active intelligent textiles do?
A
they respond/ actuate without electric components
10
Q
- What are some examples of active intelligent textiles?
A
hermochrome, Hydrochrome, UV, Lumious materials, Thermoelectric regulating yarns, Photovoltaics
11
Q
- What does a thermochrome dye do?
A
Changes color with temperature, can also become transparent with heat.
12
Q
- What are thermochrome dyes used for?
A
kaging (to detect temperature history – food), toys and clothing (lifestyle)
13
Q
- What are hydrochrome inks?
A
waterbased inks that when dry show opaque white inks and when wet, the ink film absorbs the water making it look transparent and revealing the print underneath
14
Q
- What happens when water dries on hydrochrome ink?
A
the coverage is restored, and it shows the original color again
15
Q
- What do UV active intelligent textiles do?
A
Protect the skin from sunburn.
16
Q
- What do you measure the ability to protect from UV in?
A
UPF
17
Q
- Why don’t all textiles offer good UV?
A
UV polymerization is highly absorbent, therefore some fibers cannot be coated this way.
18
Q
- What can be also used to make UV clothing?
A
nylon and elastane
19
Q
- What do “glow in the dark” (phosphorescent) active intelligent textiles do?
A
absorb energy and then release it slowly as light, which diminishes overtime
20
Q
- What do fluorescent paints do?
A
glow in the dark when exposed to long-wave UV and immediately emit the radiation they
absorb
21
Q
- What do photovoltaics do?
A
they convert light into electricity using semi-conducting materials
22
Q
- What do photovoltaics use?
A
solar panels, each consisting in solar cells that generate electricity.
23
Q
- What do metals do? And which metals are better and expensive for it?
A
metals components like silver, gold, titanium, copper conduct electricity. Silver and gold are extremely expensive yarns with high conductivity. Not every metal yarn has the same conductivity.
24
Q
- What can damage a twinned conductive thread/ coating and what is the result of the damage?
A
friction, resulting in the smart textile coat made of it no longer conducting/ only partially conducting.
25
25. What can you do to a traditional yarn to give it conductive properties?
twinning/ coating it with a metallic component.
26
26. How can copper be harmful?
it can enter bloodstream through a wound leading to blood poisoning.
27
27. What can our skin (greasy hands) cause to conductive materials?
Can cause the material to corrode, which makes in no longer conductive.
28
28. What is important to do to metal (conductive materials) before coming in contact with skin?
Protecting it with an intermediate layer like Vaseline, gel, lining
29
29. What does an actuator require?
a switch signal (sensor) and an energy source
30
30. How does an actuator work?
When a sensor with relatively low energy (electrical voltage, current, human interaction) receives signal, the actuator reacts by converting the energy of the signal
31
31. What does an actuator need to react?
Power (W)
32
32. What is Ohm’s law used for?
To calculate electrical voltage (V), current (I), resistance (R)
33
What does an actuator come with from the manufacturer?
the maximum current voltage (V) and you can read the resistance with a multimeter
34
34. How do you prevent an actuator from short-circuiting?
By mentaining the correct power calculated with P= V*2/R
35
35. How do you calculate voltage (V)?
I x R
36
36. How do you calculate resistance (R)?
V / I
37
37. How do you calculate current (I)?
V / R
38
38. What are Light Emitting Diodes?
LED- light source emitting monochromatic light when current flows through, converting electrical energy into light.
39
39. What is electroluminescence?
optical and electrical phenomenon where material emits light in response to passing of electric current/ strong electric field.
40
40. What forms does electroluminescence comes in?
wire, film, tape, can be printed – needs a more powerful battery than LED
41
41. What do Phase Changing Materials do?
store, release, absorb heat as the switch between solid and liquid forms, heat given off makes it solid and heat absorbed makes it liquid
42
42. How is the ability of some PCM changing with temperature useful?
the temperature they change is just above and just below of skin temperature, making it useful to store and release body heat when necessary
43
43. What form can PCM come in?
microcapsules, they can be incorporated in fibers, foams, or coated on fabrics
44
44. What are Shape Memory Alloys?
Metal compounds that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. Can be mechanically deformed and can return to their prestored shape by a thermal stimulus.
45
45. What are thermoelectric materials?
a combination of semiconductors and conductive polymers that give fibers thermoelectric properties
46
46. What is the electrical conductivity value of a semiconductor in a thermoelectric material?
between a conductor (ex: copper) and an insulator (ex: glass)
47
47. How do thermoelectric materials react to temperature?
Resistance decreases as temperature increases. They generate V when faced with temperature differences.
48
48. What is a textile sensor?
a fabric surface that can change in electrical current or chemical composition through external or environmental input. The shape of input can be modified resulting in difference of current
49
49. What is a tilt sensor used for?
to measure location in multiple axes of a reference, can measure tilt position with gravity and enable the simple detection of orientation/ tilt
50
50. What does a pressure sensor measure?
force per unit area.
51
51. What are PIEZO resistive materials used for?
used with textile sensors making the conductive materials to change the electrical resistance when force is applied to the sensor
52
52. What does a stroke sensor do?
detects change in current in multiple directions. When petted flat, the threads become long enough to make contact with another piece of conductive yarn
53
53. What does a bend (flex) sensor do?
measures the amount of bend, responds to pressure by having piezo resistive materials sandwiched between 2 layers of neoprene, pressure is exerted on this during the bending, so the bend is measured via pressure
54
54. What does a stretch sensor do?
varies in resistance when stretched. Relaxed it has a nominal resistance of 1000 ohms/linear inch
55
55. What is a push button and a squeeze sensor?
a user interface that s activated when pressed, can change by contact with conductive textile
56
56. What is irrelevant in a button and a squeeze sensor?
force, since it doesn’t use piezo resistive materials
57
57. What are electrodes?
conductors that float and generate current, can be cathodes (-) or anodes (+)
58
58. How do electrodes work?
A small current floats through them, from one electrode to skin to nerve and back to the electrode
59
59. What is a galvanic skin response?
change in electrical resistance of skin caused by sweat, measured with a galvanometer
60
60. Why is the GSR signal not representative of emotion type?
Because both positive and negative stimuli can result in increase in arousal and skin conductivity, making it representative rather for the intensity.
61
61. What does EEG (electroencephalography) use to monitor brain activity?
noninvasive electrodes placed along the scalp
62
62. What does an electrocardiogram (EKG/ ECG) do?
records heart activity through electrodes, peaks and flatlines representing phases of the heartbeat (indicated by letters PQRST)
63
63. What does a Respiration sensor do?
detects chest and abdominal expansion/contraction and outputs a respiration waveform.
64
64. What is a respiration sensor made of?
textile sensor made of elastic band with conductive wires and piezo resistive materials integrates in a t-shirt
65
65. What do RIP sensors do?
Measure breathing by detecting changes in thoracic and abdominal circumference during respiration. Changes in the belt’s circumference can change the resistance
66
66. How does the integrated prototype for the wearable breathing trainer work?
conductive yarns replace the traditional wire in RIP. effects on knitting parameters
On electrical conductivity were studied. Has a reduced square resistaince from 1.71 ohms/sq m to 0.15. Improved sensor accuracy
67
67. What are Ultra Smart Textiles?
unit that can sense and process data and react or adapt due to build in micro computer
68
68. What is a built in microcomputer?
Electronic device with central processing unit (CPU) where input and output are controlled in software so sequence can de designed
69
69. What is wearable technology?
Devices category that can be worn on the body using sensors to gather data and tracking techniques and communicate data
70
70. What are ultra personalized wearables?
wearable devices that adapt based on gathered data
71
71. What can wearable sense?
biometric data and bio signals
72
What are bio signals?
any signal in living beings that can be continually measured and monitored,
electrical & non electrical.
73
73. What are bioelectrical signals?
electrical signals generated by biological systems,
particularly by excitable cells like nerve, muscle, and heart cells. These signals
are low in amplitude and frequency, often contaminated by noise, and
provide information about the body's electrical activity.
74
74. What is a smart unit?
electronic device connected to other electronic devices through various protocols and can operate interactively and autonomously to some extent
75
75. What are some cons to wearables and UST in relation to sustainability?
monomaterial, designed for dissasembley, recycling
76
researh design
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