The Brain

Question 1

meninges

Answer 1

coverings of the brain that lie immediately internal to cranium

Question 2

layers of meninges

Answer 2

1. dura mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. pia mater

Question 3

functions of the meninges

Answer 3

1. protection 2. forms a supporting network for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses 3. enclose a fluid-filled cavity; subarachnoid

Question 4

dura mater layers

Answer 4

• periosteal layer - meningeal layer

Question 5

arachnoid layer covers:

Answer 5

blood vessels on external surface of brain

Question 6

pia mater

Answer 6

layer of meninges that runs with gyri and sulcus of the cerebrum

Question 7

leptomeninges

Answer 7

where pia mater and arachnoid mater are closely associated

Question 8

components of brain

Answer 8

• cerebrum
• cerebellum
• medulla oblongata
• pons
• hypothalamus
• subthalamus
• thalamus
• colliculi

Question 9

part of brainstem

Answer 9

• medulla oblongata
• pons
• midbrain

Question 10

functions of brainstem

Answer 10

connects brain to spinal cord

Question 11

cranial nerves that enter/exit the brain via the brainstem

Answer 11

all but two cranial nerves

exceptions: I and II

Question 12

most inferior brain component

Answer 12

medulla oblongata

Question 13

functions of medulla oblongata

Answer 13

1. connection pathway for acending and descending nerve fibers
2. control center for vital organs (respiration, heart rate)
3. center for protective reflexes (cough, sneeze, vomit)

Question 14

nuclei of which cranial nerves in medulla oblongata?

Answer 14

9 - 12

Question 15

pons functions

Answer 15

1. relay center for fibers going between cerebrum and cerebellum
2. sleep and respiratory center

Question 16

pons contains nucelus of cranial nerve ___

Answer 16

cranial nerve 5

Question 17

where are nuclei of cranial nerves VI to VIII located?

Answer 17

loctated in the junction between pons and medulla oblongata

Question 18

midbrain functions

Answer 18

superior colliculi: saccadic eye movement (nystagmus)

inferior colliculi: hearing

Question 19

composition of midbrain

Answer 19

• 2 superior colliculi
• 2 inferior colliculi

Question 20

midbrain include nuclei of cranial nerves:

Answer 20

cranial nerves III and IV

Question 21

reticular formation

Answer 21

• clusters of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
• arousing and maintaining consciousness

Question 22

diencephalon composed of:

Answer 22

• thalamus = (4/5 of mass)
• hypothalamus
• subthalamus
• epithalamus

Question 23

thalamus function

Answer 23

• all sensory info except olfaction goes through the thalamus to the cerebrum
• agressive and anxious movements

Question 24

subthalamus function

Answer 24

motor function

Question 25

smallest region of diencephalon

Answer 25

subthalamus

Question 26

epithalamus function

Answer 26

* sleep-wake cycle; include pineal gland * involved in visceral response to certain smells * onset of puberty

Question 27

hypothalamus function

Answer 27

* olfactory reflexes * emotional response to odors * center for basic drives (food, thirst, sex) * temperature regulation center * sleep and dream center includes mammaillary bodies

Question 28

cerebrum function

Answer 28

* center for intelligence, critical thinking, major control and interpretive center

Question 29

regions of cerebrum

Answer 29

1. frontal lobe 2. temporal lobe 3. parietal lobe 4. occipital lobe

Question 30

function of frontal lobe

Answer 30

motivation, mood, aggression

Question 31

function of temporal lobe

Answer 31

hearing and memory

Question 32

parietal lobe function

Answer 32

sensory except for hearing, smelling, and vision

Question 33

occipital lobe function

Answer 33

reception and integration of visual input

Question 34

cerebellum function

Answer 34

muscular activity coordination center

Question 35

what empties into dural venous sinuses:

Answer 35

blood from brain and CSF from subarachnoid space

Question 36

where all the sinunes come together called:

Answer 36

"confluence of sinuses"

Question 37

confluence of sinuses empty into:

Answer 37

internal jugular vein

Question 38

cavernous sinus

Answer 38

* large, behind the eyes and danger triangle * dangerous place for infection

Question 39

ventricles of brain function

Answer 39

communicating network of cavities filled with CSF

Question 40

number of ventricles in brain

Answer 40

* 2 lateral ventricles = largest ventricle * third ventricle * fourth ventricle

Question 41

CSF functions

Answer 41

1. cushion 2. bring nutrients to brian 3. remove waste from brain 4. buoyancy for brain (brain would otherwise sit on nerves)