The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What do chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 1

Rises in carbon dioxide levels (or increases in acidity or dropping PH levels)

Question 2

What’s it called when your heart rate increases before you start exercises?

Answer 2

Anticipatory rise

Question 3

How many chambers are in a heart?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

How do you work out the maximum heart rate?

Answer 4

220-age

Question 5

What is vasodilation?

Answer 5

When your blood vessels relax and the lumen size increases

Question 6

Why is your blood shown as blue when it travels through the right side of your heart on a diagram?

Answer 6

It represents deoxygenated blood

Question 7

How is a red blood cell shaped and why?

Answer 7

A disk because it increases the surface area so it allows for the maximum amount of oxygen to bind to it (in the haemoglobin in the RBC).

Question 8

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 8

When the blood vessel contracts and the diameter or lumen decreases in size.

Question 9

What are the 3 main types of blood vessel?

Answer 9

Veins, arteries and capillaries

Question 10

What do proprioceptor detect?

Answer 10

Movement in the tendons

Question 11

What do baroreceptors detect?

Answer 11

Blood pressure

Question 12

Which chambers of the heart are the largest?

Answer 12

Ventricles

Question 13

What are the names of the different valves in the heart?

Answer 13

Bicuspid, Tricuspid, Aortic and Pulmonary

Question 14

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 14

Causes a relaxation - stimulates the heart to beat slower

Question 15

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 15

Causes a fight flight response - stimulates the heart to beat faster.

Question 16

What is cardiac output?

Answer 16

The amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute

Question 17

What is stroke volume?

Answer 17

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 beat.

Question 18

Definition of heart rate

Answer 18

The number of times the heart beats per minute.

Question 19

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 19

Left and right Atrium and Ventricles

Question 20

How do you calculate Cardiac Output (Q)?

Answer 20

HR x SV

Question 21

What is Anticipatory rise?

Answer 21

An increase in HR prior to exercise caused by adrenaline

Question 22

What carries Oxygen in Red Blood Cells

Answer 22

Haemoglobin

Question 23

What substance in the muscles has a higher affinity to Oxygen than Haemoglobin that allows Oxygen to diffuse into the muscles?

Answer 23

Myoglobin

Question 24

What are the 3 factors that cause the Bohr Shift?

Answer 24

Increase in CO2 levels, increased in acidity and reduced PH and increase in body temperature.

Question 25

What is the theory that explains that during steady state exercise HR continues to gradually increase whilst SV decreases so that Q remains constant?

Answer 25

Cardiovascular Drift

Question 26

Why during steady state exercise does SV start to decrease?

Answer 26

Due to lose of water from the blood plasma because of sweating. This causes the blood to become more viscous (think/sticky).

Question 27

What is the order for the 4 components of the Heart conduction system?

Answer 27

SAN AVN Bundle of HIS Purkinji Fibres

Question 28

What does SAN stand for?

Answer 28

Sinoatrial Node

Question 29

Which is the main blood vessel leaving the left ventricle delivering oxygen rich blood around the body?

Answer 29

Aorta (Artery)

Question 30

Which blood vessel bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body?

Answer 30

Vena Cava (superior and Inferior - a Vein)

Question 31

What is an average blood pressure?

Answer 31

120 over 80

Question 32

What are the 2 pressures called when measuring blood pressure?

Answer 32

Systolic (contracting) and diastolic (filling/relaxing)

Question 33

What 3 mechanisms support venous return?

Answer 33

Pocket valves The skeletal muscle pump The Respiratory pump

Question 34

What is the purpose (outcome) of the Bohr shift

Answer 34

Increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the working muscles. Increase oxyhaemoglobin dissociation.

Question 35

What is A-Vo2 Diff?

Answer 35

The difference between the Oxygen content of haemoglobin in the arteries entering the muscles and the veins leaving the muscles.

Question 36

What happens to the A-Vo2 Diff during exercise?

Answer 36

Increases

Question 37

Name 4 health conditions that are improved (reduced risk of) because of regular exercise

Answer 37

Heart Disease (CHD) Stoke High Cholesterol High Blood Pressure