The Cell

Question 1

What two compartments are cells divided into?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Question 2

What is the cytosol?

Answer 2

Organelles and fluid

Question 3

Describe and define the roles of the nucleus and nucleolus in eukaryotic animal cells

Answer 3

• Nucleus contains DNA, nucleoprotein and some RNA

- nucleoli serve as site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly

Question 4

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

• interconnecting network of membranous tubules, vesicles and flattened sacs (cisternae)

Question 5

Give the two types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

• rough ER

- smooth ER

Question 6

Give the function of the rough ER

Answer 6

synthesises and secretes/packages proteins

Question 7

Give the function of the smooth ER

Answer 7

responsible for lipid biosynthesis, membrane synthesis and repair

Question 8

Describe and give the function of ribosomes

Answer 8

• protein factories of the cells

- minute cytoplasmic organelles with 2 subunits

Question 9

Describe and give the function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

• stack of flattened vesicles which package and process secretory proteins
• also synthesis complex polysaccharides

Question 10

Describe and give the function of lysosomes

Answer 10

• membrane bound organelles
• act as cellular stomachs
• contain amorphous granular materials which are used to break down bacteria and debris

Question 11

Describe and give the function of peroxisomes

Answer 11

• small membrane bound organelles
• contain enzymes
• catalase - regulates hydrogen peroxide concentration
• oxidases - involved in beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids

Question 12

Describe and give the function of mitochondria

Answer 12

• mobile, cigar shaped organelles
• permeable outer membrane containing porin
• folded inner membrane - cristae
• filled with amorphous matrix
• needed for oxidation and Krebs cycle

Question 13

Give the role of the cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Provides strength and support while also allowing for cell motility

Question 14

What do the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton form in the small intestine?

Answer 14

Microvilli

Question 15

What can microtubules of the cytoskeleton form?

Answer 15

Cilia - 9 pairs of microtubules