The Cold War

Question 1

Who was Igor Gouzenko?

Answer 1

A Russian clerk at Soviet embassy in Ottawa

Question 2

Why was Igor Gouzenko tried to warn the Canadian government

Answer 2

Soviet was trying to spy on them
He wanted to defect. He enjoyed living in Canada

Question 3

How did Canadian government react to Gouzenko’s information?

Answer 3

They didn’t believe it at first till his apartment got broken into then they were shocked

Question 4

What were the steps involved in mutual defence agreed to by NATO?

Answer 4

1. Any attack on 1 would be considered attack of all.
2. If conventional weapons were not enough, tactical nuclear weapons would be use
3. Total nuclear war

Question 5

Why was Warsaw Pact created?

Answer 5

Soviet union felt threatened by NATO, create its own defensive pact

Question 6

How was communism considered a threat to democracy

Answer 6

Did not allowed free speech or election-crushed dissent

Question 7

What was Canada’s commitment
to NATO?

Answer 7

Complete army units and a few groups of planes were sent to France.

Question 8

What was the DEW line and what did it cost Canada

Answer 8

1. Pintree line
2. Mid-Canada line
3. DEW line in the artic

Question 9

What was NORAD and why was its creation considered necessary?

Answer 9

North American Air Defence Agreement
Creat to protect North America from Soviet nuclear attack

Question 10

What is the cold war

Answer 10

• period lasting from 1945-1989
• The Cold War was marked by tension between communist and capitalist superpowers.

Question 11

Canada in the Cold war

Answer 11

1. Caught in the Middle- USSR on top, USA underneath
2. Allied with the US and NATO

Question 12

Igor Gouenko

Answer 12

• Russian clerk from Soviet Embassy delivers files to Canada proving the existence of a Russia spy ring in Canada
• Gouzenko and family are given asylum and new IDs in Ontario

Question 13

Europe EAST AND WEST

Answer 13

• separate by the Iron Curtain
  Coined by Churchill to describe the break between East and West
  Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech March, 1946

Question 14

Berlin airlift 1948

Answer 14

• Many people were fleeing Soviet Union
  -in 1948 the Soviet blockade all the ground link to West Berlin
• Berlin airlift (April 1948-May 1949)
  All supply needed are ferried in to Berlin through air corridors from the West. Stalin eventually give up

Question 15

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1947

Answer 15

• Truman Doctrine : US would tolerate Soviet expansion to its 1947 limits (coexistence) but would resist any further encroachment (principle containment)
• Marshall plan: economy aid to rebuild European economies. An instrument to aid non-comm use state

Question 16

NATO and WARSAW PACT

Answer 16

-WEST-NATO 1949
Military alliance
. North Atlantic treaty organization
. Led by United States
EAST -WARSAW PACT 1955
- Military alliance, response to NATO threat
- Led by Soviet Russia

Question 17

North American defence

Answer 17

• NORAD -North American air defence agreement
  -HQ buried in Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado
  -centrally controlled and coordinated defence of North American airspace
  Fighter forces
  Missile bases
  Air defence radar

Question 18

CANADA AND NORAD

Answer 18

-protection from Soviet air attack
-US built three line on Friday station across Canada
1. The pintree line
2. The Mid Canada line
3. Dew line -distance early warning line

Question 20

What are the three powers of United Nations

Answer 20

1. Condemn the aggressor through speech and resolution
2. Use economy sanctions, using member not to trade with the aggressor
3. Respond military by sending in armed force

Question 21

What is the purpose of security council

Answer 21

Body of the United Nations
Maintain peace and security

Question 22

Five member of security council

Answer 22

1. Britain
2. France
3. China (Taiwan)
4. United States
5. USSR (Russia federation)

Question 23

Describe the power of the security council

Answer 23

If 9/15 member agree they can impose censure/ sanctions/military action
.
Permanent member can VETO (if 1 permanent member vote No then it will not happen)

Question 24

How did Korean conflict increase cold war tensions

Answer 24

Communist back North Korea invaded US back South Korea, mostly American pushes them back and even consider the use of nuclear weapon against China

Question 25

What role did Canada play in Korean conflict

Answer 25

Under US encouragement cannot send thousands of troops

Question 26

What cause Suez crisis

Answer 26

1. Egyptian nationalization of the suez canal 2. Israel saw as a Egyptian aggression as Egypt threatened to bomb Israel ship from using the canal 3. France and Britain support Israel as they had investment in Canal - Soviet support Egypt

Question 27

What role did Canada play in bringing Suez crisis to an end

Answer 27

1. Tell the minister of foreign affair Lester Pearson propose a force of peacekeeper to separate the warring sides 2. United Nations agree and a force was sent under a Canadian general - It work

Question 29

United Nations

Answer 29

1. International agency meant to prevent war 2. Based on idea of promoting international corporation 3. Same as league of nation but have more support 4. Condemnation of aggressor through speeches and resolution 5. Sanction against aggressor 6. Take military action against aggressor

Question 30

General assembly

Answer 30

1. A forum we're all member nation can debate issue of concern 2. Each member nation had a representative and one vote- passed resolution

Question 31

Social agencies

Answer 31

1. UN members promise to get rid of diseases and hunger and to keep people's rights safe. 2. The UN child fund 3. UNICEF- united nations international children's fund 4. IMF- the international monetary funds - stabilize the war economy by helping countries in great debt

Question 32

Korean conflict and challenge

Answer 32

Korean war 1952 1953 1. Communism in the north( supported by USSR in China) VS Weak democracy in the south(supported by USA) 2. North invade south. UN sent troops (mainly US) to reject the attack which was eventually successful 3. 26000 people served in Korea

Question 33

Domino theory

Answer 33

1. Foreign policy theory promote by the government of the United States that guess if one land in a region came under influence of communist then more would follow in a domino effect 2. Related to the policy of cantonment

Question 34

Explain what the pine tree, mid-canada and DEW lines were

Answer 34

Constructed between 1950 to 1957 were designed to react a surprise Soviet attack over North Pole

Question 35

How did Trudeau's foreign policy change Canada during second half of the Cold War

Answer 35

- Independent Stance: Promoted a "third option" avoiding strict alignment with the U.S. or the Soviet Union. - Multilateralism: Focused on international cooperation through organizations like the UN. - Peacekeeping: Supported peacekeeping missions, enhancing Canada's global reputation. - Diplomacy Over Military: Emphasized negotiation and dialogue instead of military intervention. - Nuclear Disarmament: Advocated for reducing nuclear weapons and tensions. This approach helped shape Canada's identity as a peace-oriented nation.

Question 36

What was Trudeau's goal for Canada foreign policy

Answer 36

Chart a course in foreign policy that was less dependent on US approval Expand our trade not just with American

Question 37

How did Candace diplomatic recognition of communist China in 1970 signal the beginning of a new foreign policy

Answer 37

Signal new foreign policy by emphasis engagement in communist nations

Question 38

Define middle power

Answer 38

A country that has a significant role in international relation but it's not a superpower