The Digestive System

Question 1

What are the functions of the organs in the digestive system?

Answer 1

• ingest food
• transport ingested material
• digest the material into smaller usable components
• absorb the necessary digested nutrients into the bloodstream
• expel waste products from the body

Question 2

Name the digestive organs.

Answer 2

• oral cavity
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine

Question 3

What are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 3

not part of the long gastrointestinal tube, but often develop as outgrowths of that tube

Question 4

Name the accessory digestive organs.

Answer 4

• teeth
• tongue
• salivary glands
• liver
• gall bladder
• pancreas

Question 5

Propulsion of food along the GI tube involves _______ and _________.

Answer 5

• peristalsis

- segmentation

Question 6

What is peristalsis?

Answer 6

the ripple-like wave of muscular contraction that forces material to move further along the GI tract

Question 7

What is segmentation?

Answer 7

the churning and mixing of material helping to disperse the material and mix it and combine it with digestive organ secretions

Question 8

Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands that are located external to the oral cavity.

Answer 8

• parotid glands
• submandibular glands
• sublingual glands

Question 9

What are mesenteries?

Answer 9

• folds of peritoneum that support and stabilize intraperitoneal GI tract organs

Question 10

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves are sandwiched between the two folds and supply the digestive organs. Name 3 of them.

Answer 10

• greater and lesser omentum
• mesentery proper
• mesocolon

Question 11

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 11

upper left quadrant of abdomen

Question 12

What happens in the stomach?

Answer 12

• continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of the bolus
• bolus is eventually processed into chyme

Question 13

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 13

• finishes off chemical digestion, absorbs most of the nutrients
• ingested materials spend at least 12 hours in the small intestine

Question 14

Why is the small intestine shorter in a living individual than in a cadaver?

Answer 14

muscle tone

Question 15

What are the 3 segments of the small intestine?

Answer 15

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 16

What are circular folds (pilcae circulars) of the small intestine?

Answer 16

the mucosal and submucosal tunics that are thrown into folds

Question 17

What can be seen on the surface of the circular folds of the small intestine?

Answer 17

• villi

- microvilli on villi

Question 18

The large intestine forms a _____-sided perimeter around the centrally located small intestine

Answer 18

three

Question 19

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 19

• absorption of fluid and ions and compacts undigestible wastes and solidifies them into feces
• stores the feces until defecation

Question 20

Where is the liver located?

Answer 20

right quadrant of abdomen

Question 21

Name the 4 incompletely separated lobes of the liver.

Answer 21

• right lobe
• left lobe
• caudate lobe
• quadrate lobe

Question 22

Where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 22

attached to the inferior surface of the liver

Question 23

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 23

store and concentrate bile

Question 24

What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

Answer 24

the cystic duct

Question 25

Which organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 25

pancreas

Question 26

What is the pancreas' exocrine function?

Answer 26

secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate (collectively called pancreatic juices) into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct