the nature of DNA
- double stranded
- made of deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups
- linked by phosphodiester bonds between phosphates
- nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds through the antiparallel running strands
- coding and noncoding strand
- at= 2 hb
- gc= 3hb
how does dna work
works by controlling the sequence if amin acids in a proteins primary structure
what is the genetic code
the way that dna codes for specific amino acids in specific loci in a primary structure to make proteins
what is the coding strand
the exon
whats the noncoding strand made of
intron
characteristics of the genetic code
- degenerative code
- nonoverlapping code
- universal code
describe degenerative code meaning
- there is more than 1 sequence that can code for the same amino acid
- the difference between some is the third aa
- some triplet sequences dont code for amino acids they code for start or stop markers to tell the enzymes when to start and stop transcripting
describe the universal code meaning
the dna, amino acid, base sequence and genetic code is read the same no matter what the organism is
what does nonoverlapping do for the genetic code
makes sure the sequence is only read once
shows a linear sequence structure to the genetic code
what does DNA do during protein sysnthesis
DNA doesnt act directly during protein sysnthesis- its made into shorted single stranded sections of MRNA for ease
why use MRNA for protein synthesis instead of DNA
- MRNA is shorter- DNA is too long to travel out of the nucleolus to a ribosome
- DNA staying in the nucleus offers protection against biochemical damage (that DNA cannot recover from)
- DNA can code for MRNA proteins and synthesise multiple simultaniously (quicker formation time)
