What is urbanisation
- occurs when there is an increase in the proportion of a countries population that lives in towns and cities
What are the two main causes of urbanisation
- natural population growth (more births than deaths)
- migration into urban areas
What has happened on a global scale over the last 50 years
- rapid urbanisation
- 1960 34% lived in urban areas
- 2014 54%
- nearly half the worlds urban population live in small settlements
What is a millionaire city and give an examples
- has a population of over 1 million
-
What is a megacity
- have a population of over 10 million
What is a meta city
- has a population of over 20 million
Which are the largest cities
- Tokyo
- New York
- Mumbai
Which are the most urbanised continents
- Europe, North America, South America and Australia
Definition of world city
- cities which have great influence on a global scale
- financial status and worldwide commercial power
Which cities are the top of the global hierarchy
- New York, London and Tokyo
What do these cities have
- headquarters of many TNCs
- centres of world finance
- are learning centres with network universities
- provide international consumer services
How can world cities be characterised
- lost a lot iPod their routine, and have low-valued jobs
- high levels of synergy (linked) in their economic structure- benefit from working closely
- offer a wide range of jobs
What are the four different hubs
- business, transport and trade
- production
- political
- migration
What characteristics are in the hub of business transport and trade
- strong connections to the rest of the world via Internet
- dominate global trade and consumer activities with TNCs
- clear identifiers of personal wealth
What are the characteristics of the production hub
- most of the actual manufacturing is done in developing countries
- decisions are made by TNCs most of which have headquarters in world cities
What are the main characteristics of the political hub
- dictate trading and economic links between counties
- influence and effect international events and affairs
What are the main characteristics of migration hub
- attract large numbers of talented people - they are globally mobile
- offers high qualities of life
What do world cities dominate in
- financial influence
- culture- theatre capitals
- global languages
How did Loughborough university effect world cities
- 1998 tried to rank them
- based on financial influence
- categorised into alpha ++ , alpha + , alpha, beta, gamma
How are urbanisation and economic development linked
- as countries develop they start to use machinery to produce food
- fewer jobs in rural areas
- industry Develops in urban areas
- more people start to move to cities in search of higher paying work ams better living standards
What further functions did cities attract
- policing, arts entertainment and education
Where can these ‘extra’ functions take place
- in a large centre of population where not everyone has to concentrate on producing food and shelter
- people start to specialise and do specific jobs
- division in labour
Why did cities grow larger in the industrial revolution
- agriculture- more machinery for farming, so fewer had to work and more food was supplied
- factories grew up close to sources of power
- new sorpurces of power coal
What has happened in the continents South America, Asia and Africa
- grown more recently
- 1950 large scale of rural to urban migration
- growth of mega cities such as Mexico City
- sift of manufacturing to the developed world to lower wage economies such as China and India
