is this a male or female urinary system?
female > shorter urethra
is this a male or female urinary system?
male > longer urethra
name the components of the urinary system and the function of each part
- kidneys - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration
- ureter - transports urine from the kindeys to the bladder
- bladder - temporarily stores urine and assists in its expulsion
- urethra - vessel responsible for transporting urine from the bladder to an external opening in the perineum
the two bean-shaped kidneys lie in the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column between vertebrae…
T12-L3
the hilus of the kidney lies at the level of which plane?
transpyloric plane L1
name some structures that lie on the transpyloric plane
- pylorus
- kidney hila
- gallbladder
- neck of pancreas
- L1 vertebra
- transverse colon
each kidney is enclosed by which 4 layers?
- fibrous renal capsule
- fatty renal capsule
- renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
- pararenal fatty tissue - mainly on the posterior aspects of the kidney
what is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidneys?
protection and support
label the fascial and fat coverings of the kidney
on the diagram, identify and label the muscles related posteriorly to the kidney
what is the nerve supply to the kidneys?
- sympathetic nerves originate in the T12 and L1 spinal segments, pass through the coeliac ganglia and along the renal artery to the organ.
- parasympathetic nerves are derived from the vagus nerves.
what is the lympathic drainage of the kidneys?
lymph from the kidneys drain to the para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1)
from which embryological structure does the definitive kidney develop?
metanephric mesoderm, part of the intermediate plate mesoderm
what does the ureter develop from?
ureteric bud
what congenital abnormality has occured here?
isolated renal agenesis
what congenital abnormality has occurred here?
duplicated left ureter
what congenital abnormality has occurred here?
horseshoe kidney
label the cadaveric image
