The nursing process

Question 1

What is ‘care planning’ ?

Answer 1

The process of reorganisation of patients into actual and potential problems, selecting interventions to assist in addressing those problems

Question 2

What is a ‘care plan’ ?

Answer 2

• A written record of the care planning process
• Used as a tool to facilitate care to patients
• The thinking + preparation, which **results in **the production of the care plan, which results in a proposed action

Question 3

Name the 5 stages of the Nursing Process.

Answer 3

1. Assess
2. Decide (nursing diagnosis)
3. Plan
4. Provide (Implementation)
5. Evalulate

Question 4

What is a ‘nursing diagnosis’?

And how does this differ from a VS/medical diagnosis?

Answer 4

This is Identifying and naming actual problems with the** patient’s abilities** and can include any potential problems that the patient is at risk of.

It differs from medical diagnosis, as it does not concentrate on disease, but based on the best nursing interventions for that patient and their condition.

Question 5

What minimum dietary information is required for developing a care plan?

Answer 5

• Frequency of food offered p/day (How often)
• Volume of current meals p/day
• How many treats are given p/day
• If there is any known allergies

Question 6

What minimum drinking information is required for developing a care plan?

Answer 6

• Volume of how much water is consumed p/day
• Frequency of food offered p/day (How often)

Question 7

What minimum toileting information is required for developing a care plan?

Answer 7

Urine
* Volume of how much urine is produced p/day
* Frequency of how often urine is passed p/day

Faecal
* Volume of how much faecal matter is produced p/day
* Frequency of how often faecal matter is passed p/day
* A stool score

Question 8

What minimum behavioural information is required for developing a care plan?

Answer 8

• What is the patient’s normal behaviour/temperament
• Patient specific signs of stress
• Patient specific signs of aggression
• What language + commands are used

Question 9

Think psychological past, current + assessment…

When ascertaining the patient’s specific normative patterns of behaviour from physiological to behavioural, what other information should be attained?

Answer 9

• Weight
• BCS
• Medical history
• Current medical conditions
  * Full head to tail examinations (within the context of the patient’s condition)

Question 10

What is a ‘model’?

Answer 10

A organised framework which can be adapted to provide holistic patient-centered care, allowing the nursing process to be carried out

Developed from evidence-based research from other nurses

Question 11

The 1st step of the nursing process is assessment of the patient.

Primarily, what framework is required to carry an assessment out?

Answer 11

A nursing model!

Question 12

What is the overall aim of the assessment stage, of the nursing process?

Answer 12

To identify the patient’s current needs

Question 13

What is involved in the nursing assessment?

Answer 13

• Assessing the patient’s needs using the framework
• Identifying + recording the actual + potential problems + comparing them to their normal daily functions + activities
• Gather as much information as possible, from a variety of sources
• Ensure the patient’s** current needs are met**
• Record all information of the patient’s care plan, clinical records, hosptilisation records etc

Question 14

When assessing the patient, what are the 2 types of data that you gain?

Answer 14

1. Subjective data
2. Objective data

Question 15

Describe what is meant by Subjective data.

Answer 15

The observation of certain behaviours, recognition of patterns + responses

Question 16

Describe what is meant by Objective data.

Answer 16

The collection of data through clinical skills, using factual + measurable data

Question 17

Name 3 nursing models that are recognised by the veterinary profession.

Answer 17

1. Orem
2. Roper, Logan & Tierney
3. Orpet & Jeffery

Question 18

What is another name for the Orpet & Jeffery model?

Answer 18

The Ability Model

Question 19

How many models are based on the Ability model?
And what are they?

Answer 19

2 models.

The Roper, Logan & Tierney model + Orem model

Question 20

True or False.

The Roper, Logan & Tierney model focuses on the patient’s lifespan.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False.

The Orem model focuses on the ‘Activites of living’.

Answer 21

False.

The Orem model focuses on the Univesal self-care requisites and the Self-care abilities

Question 22

True or False.

The Roper, Logan & Tierney model focuses on factors that influence the activities of living.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False.

The Orem model focuses on nursing interventions that meet the patient’s reqiuisites.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False.

The R, L & T model focuses on providing the standard of assessment + evaluation.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or False. The Ability model (Orpet & Jeffery) is **not** considered the best nursing model to use in VP.

Answer 25

False, it is!

Question 26

What does the assessment of the patient, using the Ability Model **primarily assess**?

Answer 26

The patient's ability to carry our their **normal** & **everyday activities**

Question 27

Does the **Ability model** take into consideration the **life stage** of the patient?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What are the **2 influencing factors** of the Ability model?

Answer 28

1. Owner **compliance** 2. **Finanical** constraints

Question 29

Does the **Ability** model focus on the **identifying** the **actual** or **potential problems**?

Answer 29

Both!

Question 30

Which statement is true? A. The Ability model requires the nurse to plan actions, set targets and record them on the patient's care plan. B. The Ability model requires the nurse to plan actions, set targets and record them on the patient's clinical record. C. The Ability model only requires the nurse to set targets and record them only on patient's clinical records.

Answer 30

A. The Ability model requires the nurse to **plan actions**, **set targets** and **record** them on the care plan.

Question 32

What does the acronym **OJAM** stand for?

Answer 32

**O**rpert & **J**effery **A**bility **M**odel

Question 33

On the **OJAM** patient assessment form, what **client information** must be gathered?

Answer 33

* Date of admission * **Date of nursing assessment** * Case number * Patient name * Patient breed * Patient sex * Owner's address * Owner's contact number * Clinical summary (reason for admission) * **Owner's perception of the problem**

Question 34

On the **OJAM** patient assessment form, what **patient information** must be gathered?

Answer 34

* Patient name * Breed * Sex * History (Including past+ current) * **Previous surgeries** * **Disease** + **vaccination status** * **Known allergies** * Current medication * **TPR** * **MM** * **CRT** * Weight * MCS * BCS * Life stage

Question 35

On the **OJAM** patient assessment form, under the '**Assessment of patient's ability to**.." what **10** pieces of **patient information** must be gathered fromt the client?

Answer 35

All the patient's normative behaviours, patterns + routines. Including: * '**Eat** adequate amounts' * '**Drink** adequate amounts' * '**Urinate** normally' * '**Defecate** normally' * '**Breathe** normally' * '**Maintain body temperature**' * '**Groom** itself' * '**Mobilise** adequately' * '**Sleep**/rest' * '**Express normal behaviour**' ## Footnote To be written in the 'usual routine'

Question 36

On the **OJAM** patient assessment form, name the other **3 columns**, that will be **compared** with the 'Usual routine' ?

Answer 36

* **Actual** problem * **Potential** problem * **Long Term Goal**

Question 37

On the **OJAM** care plan, what **8 sections** should be provided?

Answer 37

1. Patient name 2. Date + time 3. **Problem** 4. **Short term goal** 5. **Nursing intervention** 6. **Evaluation** 7. **Review** time + date

Question 38

**How many abilities** does the **Roper**, **Logan** & **Tierney** model focus on? And what type are they?

Answer 38

**12** activities of living

Question 39

**How many abilities** does the **Orem** model focus on? And what type are they?

Answer 39

**8** Universal self-care requisites

Question 40

**How many abilities** does the **Orpet** & **Jeffery** model focus on? And what type are they?

Answer 40

**10** Abilities

Question 41

How many **species** does the **Ability** model cover?

Answer 41

All species

Question 42

True or False. **All 3 models** were originally developed for **human** nursing.

Answer 42

False! The **R, L & T** + **Orem** models were developed for **human** nursing. However, the **Orpet & Jeffery** model was **developed from human** nursing, **by RVNs** for veterinary nursing

Question 43

What model includes '**dying**' + '**expressing sexuality**' in the activities of living?

Answer 43

R, L & J

Question 44

Which model is influenced by the following '**activities of living**' factors: * Biological * Psychological * Sociocultural * Environmental * Politicoeconomic

Answer 44

R, L & J

Question 45

What care plan model identifies the **actual** and **potential problems** of the patient?

Answer 45

The Ability model

Question 46

What nursing model, alongside **owner compliance** + **finanical** factors, also is influenced by **cultural** factors?

Answer 46

The Orpet + Jeffery model

Question 47

From beginning to end, what **life stages** are the patient't **measured from** on the **Orpet** & **Jeffery** model?

Answer 47

From **conception** > **death**

Question 48

From beginning to end, what **life stages** are the patient't **measured from** on the **Orem** model?

Answer 48

From **conception** > **death**

Question 49

From beginning to end, what **life stages** are the patient't **measured from** on the **R**, **L** & **J** model?

Answer 49

From **neonate** > **geratric**

Question 50

What model utilises the **dependence** **>** **independence continuum**, based on how well the patient can perform their **activities of living**?

Answer 50

The R, L & J model

Question 51

What model allows the nurse to assess what nursing interventions are **required now** and in the **future**?

Answer 51

The **Orem** model

Question 52

What nursing model assesses the patient's **abilities to achieve health**?

Answer 52

The **Orpet** & **Jeffery** model

Question 53

What nursing model affects the **developmental self-care requisites**? (i.e; is affected by the patient's lifestage which is measured from conception > death)

Answer 53

The **Orem** model

Question 54

What does the nursing process **allow** VN's to do?

Answer 54

To provide **patient quality centered care**, in partnership with VS + V **team**

Question 55

What do nursing models **allow** VN's to do?

Answer 55

To provide VN's a **organised framework **and **method**, to **deliver a consistent standard of high quality care**

Question 56

What evidence does the nursing **process** + **models** provide **VN**'s + the **VP**?

Answer 56

Evidence for the **development** of that **VP**, to **improve** their **standards of nursing care**